Methods of treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis comprising administering an anti-human beta klotho antibody or binding fragment thereof

ABSTRACT

The present disclosure provides binding proteins, such as antibodies and binding fragments thereof, that bind beta klotho, including human beta klotho, and methods of their use, including in the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The present disclosure also provides exemplary specific sequences of complementarity determining regions, variable regions, heavy chains, and light chains of the antibodies and/or binding fragments thereof.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/103,613, filed Aug. 14, 2018, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,744,191, which isa continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 15/659,177, filedJul. 25, 2017, now U.S. Pat. No. 10,093,735, which is a continuation ofU.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/604,592, filed Jan. 23, 2015, nowU.S. Pat. No. 9,738,716, which claims the benefit of priority of U.S.Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/931,531, filed Jan. 24, 2014, theentire contents of which are each incorporated herein by reference.

INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has beensubmitted in ASCII format via EFS-Web and is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Jul. 13, 2020, isnamed 47702-0002004_SEQ_LISTING.txt and is 377000 bytes in size.

FIELD

The present disclosure relates generally to binding proteins, such asantibodies, that bind to beta klotho, including human beta klotho, andmethods of their use.

BACKGROUND

Beta klotho, which belongs to the Klotho family, is a single-pass type Imembrane protein. Beta klotho has an extracellular domain consisting oftwo internal repeats which share homology with members of the family 1glycosidases but lack glucosidase catalytic activity. Beta klothoexpression is primarily detected in the liver, pancreas and adiposetissue. Ito and colleagues have reported that beta klotho-deficient(KLB−/−) mice have elevated mRNA levels of CYP7A1 and CY8B1 and exhibitincreased synthesis and excretion of bile acid (Ito et al., 2005, J ClinInvest 115: 2202-2208). Beta klotho forms a complex with fibroblastgrowth factor (FGF) receptors and functions as a co-receptor for FGFs,including FGF19 and FGF21.

Twenty-two members of the human FGF family have been identified and fourtyrosine kinase receptors that bind to FGF (FGFR1-FGFR4) have beenidentified. The interaction between FGF and its receptor results in FGFRdimerization, which enables the cytoplasmic domains of the receptor totransphosphorylate and become activated, which in turn leads to thephosphorylation and activation of downstream signaling molecules.

The high affinity receptor for FGF19 is FGFR4 and the binding of FGF19to FGFR4 is facilitated by beta klotho. It has been reported that FGF19transgenic mice have decreased adiposity, increased metabolic rate,reduced liver triglycerides, increased fatty acid oxidation, reducedglucose levels and increased insulin sensitivity (Tomlinson et al.,2002, Endocrinology 143: 1741-1747). In addition, these transgenic micewere reported not to become obese or diabetic on a high-fat diet(Tomlinson et al., 2002, Endocrinology 143: 1741-1747). It has also beenreported that FGF19 treatment prevented or reversed diabetes in micemade obese by genetic ablation of brown adipose tissue or the geneticabsence of leptin (Fu et al., 2004, Endocrinology 145: 2594-2603).

FGF21 acts through the interaction of FGFRs and beta klotho. FGFR1 is anabundant receptor in white adipose tissue and is most likely the mainfunctional receptor for FGF21 in white adipose tissue. FGF21 expressionis detected in the liver, thymus, adipose tissue, and islet beta-cellsin the pancreas. It has been reported that the interaction of FGF21 withthe beta klotho-FGFR complex stimulates glucose uptake, decreasesglucagon secretion, improves insulin sensitivity and glucose clearance,promotes white adipose tissue in response to fasting, increasesketogenesis in liver in response to fasting, reduces plasma triglyceridelevels, and increases energy expenditure (Iglesias et al., 2012,European Journal of Endocrinology 167: 301-309).

Since FGF19 and FGF21 require both FGFRs and beta klotho for cellsignaling, agents which mimic FGF19 and/or FGF21 may be desirable fortheir effects or glucose metabolism or lipid metabolism. However, it isnot clear what features are required for an agent to confer FGF19-likeor FGF21-like cell signaling activity.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure provides proteins that bind to beta klotho,including binding proteins such as antibodies that bind to beta klotho.Such binding proteins including antibodies, may bind to a beta klothopolypeptide, a beta klotho fragment and/or a beta klotho epitope. Suchbinding proteins, including antibodies, may be agonists (e.g., induceFGF19-like or FGF21-like signaling of a FGF receptor or activate a betaklotho/FGF receptor complex).

The present disclosure also provides binding proteins, includingantibodies or fragments thereof, that (i) bind to human beta klotho,(ii) induce FGF19-like signaling and/or FGF21-like signaling, and (iii)do not compete with FGF19 and/or FGF21 for the interaction with betaklotho.

In some embodiments, the anti-beta klotho antibodies are humanizedantibodies that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klothofragment, or a beta klotho epitope. In certain embodiments, an anti-betaklotho antibody comprises a VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2,and/or VL CDR3 of a monoclonal antibody designated 5H23, 1C17, 1D19,2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7 or 1G19 as described herein, or ahumanized variant thereof. In certain embodiments, an anti-beta klothoantibody can further comprise a VH FR1, VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1,VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a human immunoglobulin amino acidsequence or a variant thereof.

In some embodiments, a binding protein (e.g., an anti-beta klothoantibody) comprises six CDRs or less than six CDRs. In some embodiments,a binding protein (e.g., an anti-beta klotho antibody) comprises one,two, three, four, five, or six CDRs selected from VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VHCDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3. In some embodiments, a bindingprotein (e.g., an anti-beta klotho antibody) comprises one, two, three,four, five, or six CDRs selected from VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VLCDR1, VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of a monoclonal antibody designated as5H23, 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7 or 1G19 as describedherein, or a humanized variant thereof. In some embodiments, a bindingprotein (e.g., an anti-beta klotho antibody) further comprises ascaffold region or frame work region, including a VH FR1, VH FR2, VHFR3, VH FR4, VL FR1, VL FR2, VL FR3, and/or VL FR4 of a humanimmunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variant thereof.

In some embodiments, the antibody is a humanized antibody, a monoclonalantibody, a recombinant antibody, an antigen binding fragment or anycombination thereof. In some embodiments, the antibody is a humanizedmonoclonal antibody, or antigen binding fragment thereof, that binds toa beta klotho polypeptide (e.g., a cell surface-expressed or solublebeta klotho), a beta klotho fragment, or a beta klotho epitope.

The present disclosure also provides binding proteins such as anti-betaklotho antibodies (i) that competitively block (e.g., in adose-dependent manner) an anti-beta klotho antibody provided herein frombinding to a beta klotho polypeptide (e.g., a cell surface-expressed orsoluble beta klotho), a beta klotho fragment, or a beta klotho epitopeand/or (ii) that bind to a beta klotho epitope that is bound by ananti-beta klotho antibody provided herein. In other embodiments, thebinding proteins such as anti-beta klotho antibody competitively blocks(e.g., in a dose-dependent manner) monoclonal antibody 5H23 or 1G19described herein or a humanized variant thereof from binding to a betaklotho polypeptide (e.g., a cell surface-expressed or soluble betaklotho), a beta klotho fragment, or a beta klotho epitope. In otherembodiments, the binding proteins such as anti-beta klotho antibodybinds to a beta klotho epitope that is bound (e.g., recognized) bymonoclonal antibody 5H23, or 1G19 described herein or a humanizedvariant thereof.

The present disclosure also provides binding proteins, includingantibodies or fragments thereof, that (i) bind to an epitope of humanbeta klotho and cynomologous monkey beta klotho recognized by anantibody comprising a heavy chain variable region having the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:25 and a light chain variable region having theamino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26; or (ii) compete for the binding tohuman beta klotho with an antibody comprising a heavy chain variableregion having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:25 and a light chainvariable region having the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:26.1n someembodiments, binding proteins, including antibodies or fragmentsthereof, are provided herein that bind to a region, including anepitope, of human beta klotho or cyno beta klotho. In some embodiments,binding proteins, including antibodies or fragments thereof, bind to aregion of human beta klotho or cycno beta klotho including, for example,those that bind to: (i) a KLB2 domain of human beta klotho comprisingamino acid residues 509 to 1044 of SEQ ID NO:297; (ii) a glycosylhydrolase 1 region of a KLB2 domain of human beta klotho comprisingamino acid residues 517 to 967 of SEQ ID NO:297; (iii) a region of humanbeta klotho comprising amino acid residues 657 to 703 of SEQ ID NO:297;or (iv) a region of cyno beta klotho comprising amino acid residues 657to 703 of SEQ ID NO:299.

In some embodiments, binding proteins, including antibodies or fragmentsthereof, are provided herein that bind to a specific epitope of humanbeta klotho, including, for example, those that bind to: (i) an epitopeof human beta klotho comprising at least one of amino acid residues 657,701 and/or 703 of human beta klotho (SEQ ID NO: 297); (ii) an epitope ofhuman beta klotho comprising at least amino acid residue 657 of SEQ IDNO: 297; (iii) an epitope of human beta klotho comprising at least aminoacid residue 701 of SEQ ID NO: 297; (iv) an epitope of human beta klothocomprising at least amino acid residue 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297; (v) anepitope of human beta klotho comprising at least amino acid residues 657and 701 of SEQ ID NO: 297; (vi) an epitope of human beta klothocomprising at least amino acid residues 657 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297;(vii) an epitope of human beta klotho comprising at least amino acidresidues 701 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297; or (viii) an epitope of humanbeta klotho comprising at least amino acid residues 657, 701 and 703 ofSEQ ID NO: 297. Such antibodies provided above can, in some embodiments,induce FGF19-like signaling and/or FGF21-like signaling or activate abeta klotho/FGF receptor complex in a cell that expresses human betaklotho and an FGF receptor. Additionally, in some embodiments, theantibody is a monoclonal antibody, for example, a humanized, human orchimeric antibody.

In some embodiments, the binding proteins such as anti-beta klothoantibodies provided herein are conjugated or recombinantly linked to adiagnostic agent, detectable agent or therapeutic agent. In someaspects, the therapeutic agent is a drug, including one or more drugssuch as biguanides and sulphonylureas (e.g., metformin tolbutamide,chlorpropamide, acetohexamide, tolazamide, glibenclamide, glyburide, andglipizide), thiazolidinediones (e.g., rosiglitazone, pioglitazone),GLP-1 analogues, PPAR gamma agonists (e.g., pioglitazone androsiglitazone), dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, (e.g.,JANUVIN®, ONGLYZA®) bromocriptine formulations and bile acidsequestrants (e.g., colesevelam), and insulin (e.g., bolus and basalanalogs), alpha glucosidase inhibitors (e.g., acarbose, roglibose),metformin (e.g., metformin hydrochloride) with or without athiazolidinedione (TZD), SGLT-2 inhibitors, appetite suppression orweight loss drugs (e.g., Meridia®/sibutramine, Xenical®/ortistat). Insome aspects, the detectable agent is a radioisotope, an enzyme, afluorescent compound, a bioluminescent compound or a chemiluminescentcompound.

In certain embodiments, compositions are provided comprising a bindingprotein such as an anti-beta klotho antibody described herein. Alsoprovided herein are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a bindingprotein such as an beta klotho antibody as described herein.

The present disclosure also provides isolated nucleic acid moleculesencoding an immunoglobulin heavy chain, an immunoglobulin light chain,VH region, VL region, VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2,and/or VL CDR3 of binding proteins (e.g., anti-beta klotho antibodies)that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptidefragment, or a beta klotho epitope. In some embodiments, the nucleicacid molecule encodes a VH region, VL region, VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3,VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of a monoclonal antibody designated as5H23, 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7 or 1G19 as describedherein, or a humanized variant thereof. In some embodiments, the nucleicacid molecule further encodes a scaffold region or a framework region,including VH FR1, VH FR2, VH FR3, VH FR4, VL FR1, VL FR2, VL FR3, and/orVL FR4 of a human immunoglobulin amino acid sequence or a variantthereof. Also provided herein are vectors and host cells comprising thenucleic acid molecules encoding an a binding protein such as anti-betaklotho antibody, as well as methods of producing a binding protein suchas an anti-beta klotho antibody by culturing the host cells providedherein under conditions that promote the production of a binding proteinsuch as an anti-beta klotho antibody.

The present disclosure also provides methods of treating, preventing oralleviating a disease, disorder or condition (e.g., one or moresymptoms) comprising administering a therapeutically effective amount ofa binding protein such as an anti-beta klotho antibody provided hereinto a subject, including a subject in need thereof, thereby treating,preventing or alleviating the disease, disorder or condition. In someembodiments, the disease, disorder or condition is caused by orotherwise associated with beta klotho, such as those related toFGF19-like and/or FGF21-like signaling in a subject. In certainembodiments, the disease is treatable by lowering blood glucose, insulinor serum lipid levels (e.g., Type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia,NASH, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome).

In some embodiments, the disease, disorder or condition is related toglucose metabolism or lipid metabolism. In some embodiments, thedisease, disorder or condition is selected from the group of ahyperglycemic condition. (e.g., diabetes, such as Type I diabetes, Type2 diabetes, gestational diabetes, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia,glucose intolerance, metabolic syndrome, or obesity).

In some embodiments, the methods of treating, preventing or amelioratinginclude methods of improving glucose metabolism and/or methods ofimproving lipid metabolism. In some embodiments, the methods oftreating, preventing or ameliorating result in reduced glucose levels(e.g., reduced blood glucose), increased insulin sensitivity, reducedinsulin resistance, reduced glycogen, improved glucose tolerance,improved glucose tolerance, improved glucose metabolism, improvedhomeostasis, improved pancreatic function, reduced triglycerides,reduced cholesterol, reduced IDL, reduced LDL, reduced VLDL, decreasedblood pressure, decreased internal thickening of a blood vessel and/ordecreased body mass or weight gain.

The present disclosure provides methods of treating a disease, disorderor condition associated with human FGF19 and/or human FGF21, whichincludes any disease, disorder or condition whose onset in a subject(e.g., a patient) is caused by, at least in part, the induction ofFGF19-like and/or FGF21-like signaling, which is initiated in vivo bythe formation of a complex comprising FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c or FGFR4and beta klotho and FGF19 or FGF21. The severity of the disease orcondition can also be decreased by the induction of FGF19-like and/orFGF21-like signaling. Examples of diseases and conditions that can betreated with the binding proteins such as anti-beta klotho antibodiesinclude type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovasculardisease, and metabolic syndrome.

As such, the binding proteins such as anti-beta klotho antibodiesdescribed herein can be used to treat type 2 diabetes, obesity,dyslipidemia (e.g., hypertriglyceridemia), NASH, cardiovascular disease,and/or metabolic syndrome, as well as any disease, disorder, orcondition in which it is desirable to mimic or augment the in vivoeffects of FGF19 and/or FGF21, or can be employed as a prophylactictreatment administered, for example, daily, weekly, biweekly, monthly,bimonthly, biannually, etc. to prevent or reduce the frequency and/orseverity of symptoms (e.g., elevated plasma glucose levels, elevatedtriglycerides and cholesterol levels), including, for example, tothereby provide an improved glycemic and/or cardiovascular risk factorprofile. The present disclosure provides methods of improving metabolicparameters by administering to a subject a binding protein, including anantibody or fragment thereof as described herein or an pharmaceuticalcomposition described herein, including, for example, wherein theimprovement includes a decrease in body weight, body mass index,abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, glucose, insulin and/ortriglycerides.

The present disclosure also provides methods of inducing FGF19-like orFGF21-like signaling of cells having cell surface expression of betaklotho and one or more FGF receptors, such as FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3, orFGFR4 comprising contacting the cells with an effective amount of abinding protein (e.g., an antibody) that binds to beta klotho asdescribed herein. In some embodiments, the cell is an adipocyte orhepatocyte. In other embodiments, the cell is a cell transfected with agene encoding beta klotho and optionally a gene encoding an FGFreceptor. Additional methods provided include using an anti-beta klothoantibody as described herein, with activity to mediate FGF19-like and/orFGF21 like signaling effects.

The present disclosure also provides methods of modulating an FGF19-likeor FGF21-like signaling in a subject comprising administering aneffective amount of a binding protein such as an anti-beta klothoantibody as described herein to a subject, including a subject in needthereof. In some embodiments, the modulating comprises FGF19-likeactivation. In some embodiments, the modulating comprises FGF21-likeactivation. In some embodiments, the modulating comprises increasingglucose metabolism (e.g., reducing glucose levels such as blood glucoselevels).

The present disclosure also provides methods for detecting beta klothoin a sample comprising contacting the sample with a binding protein suchas an anti-beta klotho antibody as described herein, that comprises adetectible agent. In certain embodiments, the sample comprises a cellexpressing beta klotho on its surface.

The present disclosure also provides kits comprising a binding proteinsuch as an anti-beta klotho antibody that binds to a beta klothopolypeptide, a beta klotho fragment or a beta klotho epitope asdescribed herein.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIG. 1A-1B shows a sequence alignment of the heavy chain variableregions and light chain variable regions of the anti-beta klothoantibodies designated 5H23, 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7and 1G19. Boundaries of CDRs are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Chothia,Contact and IMGT numbering.

FIGS. 2A-1 and 2A-2 shows sequence alignments of the heavy chainvariable regions of the anti-beta klotho antibodies providing consensusCDR sequences. Top grouping consists of antibodies designated 5H23,1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 4P5, 5C23 and 5F7. Lower grouping consists ofantibodies designated 1C17 and 1G19. Bottom grouping consists only ofthe antibody designated 3N20 Variable residues are presented by “X.”Boundaries of CDRs are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact andIMGT numbering.

FIGS. 2B-1 and 2B-2 shows sequence alignments of the light chainvariable regions of the anti-beta klotho antibodies providing consensusCDR sequences. Top grouping consists of antibodies designated 5H23,1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 4P5, 5C23 and 5F7. Lower grouping consists ofantibodies designated 1C17 and 1G19. Bottom grouping consists only ofthe antibody designated 3N20. Variable residues are presented by “X.”Boundaries of CDRs are indicated by Kabat, AbM, Chothia, Contact andIMGT numbering.

FIGS. 3A-1 and 3A-2 shows a sequence alignment of the heavy chainvariable region of anti-beta klotho antibody designated 5H23 with thehumanized sequences (vH1-vH9). Residues that are bolded indicateexemplary residues that have been modified from the original antibody.Residues that are bolded and underlined indicate residues altered backto a mouse residue.

FIG. 3B shows a sequence alignment of the light chain variable region ofanti-beta klotho antibody designated 5H23 with the humanized sequences(vL1-vL5). Residues that are bolded indicate exemplary residues thathave been modified. Residues that are bolded and underlined indicateresidues altered back to a mouse residue.

FIGS. 3C-1 and 3C-2 shows a sequence alignment of the light chainvariable region of anti-beta klotho antibody designated 5H23 with thehumanized sequences (v1-39a-v1-39p). Residues that are bolded indicateexemplary residues that have been modified.

FIGS. 3D-1 and 3D-2 shows a sequence alignment of a light chain variableregion of anti-beta klotho antibody designated 5H23 with varioushumanized sequences (v3-20a-v3-20j). Residues that are bolded indicateexemplary residues that have been modified.

FIG. 4A-4C shows a sequence alignment between human, mouse and chimericbeta klotho polypeptides. Chimeric polypeptide chMoHu indicates mouseKLB(M1-F506)-human KLB(S509-S1044). Chimeric polypeptide chHuMoindicates human KLB (M1-F508)-mouse KLB (P507-S1043). Residuescorresponding to mouse residues are bolded and italicized.

FIG. 5A-5F shows a sequence alignment between beta klotho polypeptidesfrom various species described herein.

FIG. 6 shows a three-dimensional model of the three identified bindingresidues (dark spheres) at the equivalent positions on human cytosolicbeta-glucosidase. The structure shows the equivalent of Klotho-betaresidues 521-963.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Binding proteins, such as antibodies that bind beta klotho, includinghuman and/or cyno beta klotho, are provided herein. A unique property ofsuch binding proteins, including antibodies disclosed herein, is theiragonistic nature, including the ability to mimic the in vivo effect ofFGF19 and/or FGF21 and to induce FGF19-like signaling and/or FGF21-likesignaling. More remarkably and specifically, some of the bindingproteins such as antibodies to beta klotho disclosed herein (i) bind tohuman and cyno beta klotho, (ii) do not compete for binding with FGF19and/or FGF21, and (iii) induce FGF19-like signaling and/or FGF21-likesignaling, including, for example, in several in vitro cell-basedassays. Such assays may include (1) an ELK-luciferase reporter assay(see, e.g., Example 4); (2) a recombinant FGF19 receptor mediated cellassay for ERK-phosphorylation (see, e.g., Example 4); and (3) a humanadipocyte assay for ERK-phosphorylation (see, e.g., Example 5). Bindingproteins such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as described herein,therefore are expected to exhibit activities in vivo that are consistentwith the natural biological function of FGF19 and/or FGF21. Thisproperty makes the disclosed binding proteins, including anti-betaklotho antibodies, viable therapeutics for the treatment of metabolicdiseases (e.g., Type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH,cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome) and broadly any disease,disorder, or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or augment thein vivo effects of FGF19 and/or FGF21.

The binding proteins, such as antibodies that bind beta klotho, that areprovided herein share the common feature of competing with each otherfor the binding of beta klotho (see, e.g., Example 3 describingantibodies in the 5H23 epitope bin). This competitive inhibitionindicates that each antibody binds to the same region of beta klotho(e.g., the same epitope), thereby asserting similar effects. Theanti-beta klotho antibodies provided herein include humanized anti-betaklotho antibodies, including humanized anti-beta klotho antibodiesderived from or based on 5H23, 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23,5F7 and/or 1G19 having CDR sequence as described in Tables 1-10 or FIGS.1-3 , such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, including humanized anti-betaklotho antibodies, bind to a specific domain of human beta klotho (e.g.,KL2 (residues S509-S1044); see Example 9). Moreover, such binding can belargely attributed to particular amino acid residues within the KL2region (e.g., H657, Y701 and R703), which comprise the epitoperecognized by the anti-beta klotho antibodies described herein. Takentogether, the results described herein demonstrate that the effectsobserved for an anti-beta klotho antibody that is derived from or basedon 5H23 or an antibody in the 5H23 eptitope bin, including an antibodyhaving one or more CDRs described in Tables 1-10 or FIGS. 1-3 , can beextrapolated to other anti-beta klotho antibodies described hereinhaving the same or similar eptitope specificity (e.g., the same orsimilar CDRs). For example, the in vitro activities of antibodies asshown in Examples 4-7 and 9, as well as the in vivo effects demonstratedin Example 8 for an exemplary humanized anti-beta klotho antibody, arerepresentative of the activities and effects of the anti-beta klothoantibodies described herein.

In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the binding proteins suchas anti-beta klotho antibodies may comprise immunoglobulin variableregions which comprise one or more complementary determining regions(CDRs) as described in Tables 1-10. In such binding proteins (e.g.,anti-beta klotho antibodies), the CDRs may be joined with one or morescaffold regions or framework regions, which orient(s) the CDR(s) suchthat the proper antigen binding properties of the CDR(s) is achieved.Such binding proteins, including anti-beta klotho antibodies asdescribed herein, can facilitate or enhance the interaction betweenFGFR1c and beta klotho, and can induce FGF19-like and/or FGF21-likesignaling.

General Techniques

Techniques and procedures described or referenced herein include thosethat are generally well understood and/or commonly employed usingconventional methodology by those skilled in the art, such as, forexample, the widely utilized methodologies described in Sambrook et al.,Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual 3rd. edition (2001) Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Current Protocols inMolecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel, et al. eds., (2003)); TherapeuticMonoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Clinic, Z. An, ed, Wiley, HobokenN.J. (2009); Monoclonal Antibodies: Methods and Protocols, M. Albitar,ed., Humana Press, Totawa, N.J. (2010); and Antibody Engineering, 2ndEd., Vols 1 and 2, Kontermann and Dubel, eds., Springer-Verlag,Heidelberg, 2010.

Terminology

Unless described otherwise, all technical and scientific terms usedherein have the same meaning as is commonly understood by one ofordinary skill in the art. For purposes of interpreting thisspecification, the following description of terms will apply andwhenever appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include theplural and vice versa. All patents, applications, published applicationsand other publications are incorporated by reference in their entirety.In the event that any description of terms set forth conflicts with anydocument incorporated herein by reference, the description of term setforth below shall control.

The term “beta klotho” or “beta klotho polypeptide” and similar termsrefers to a polypeptide (“polypeptide,” and “protein” are usedinterchangeably herein) or any native beta klotho from any vertebratesource, including mammals such as primates (e.g., humans, cynomolgusmonkey (cyno)), dogs, and rodents (e.g., mice and rats), unlessotherwise indicated, and, in certain embodiments, included related betaklotho polypeptides, including SNP variants thereof. Beta klothocomprises two domains, beta klotho 1 (KLB1) and beta klotho 2 (KLB2).Each beta klotho domain comprises a glycosyl hydrolase 1 region. Forexample, the KLB1 domain of human beta klotho comprises amino acidresidues 1-508 with the glycosyl hydrolase 1 region comprising aminoacid residues 77-508, and the KLB2 domain of human beta klotho comprisesamino acid residues 509-1044 with the glycosyl hydrolase 1 regioncomprising amino acid residues 517-967. The amino acid sequence of humanbeta klotho is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 297) 1MKPGCAAGSP GNEWIFFSTD EITTRYRNTM SNGGLQRSVI LSALILLRAV 51TGFSGDGRAI WSKNPNFTPV NESQLFLYDT FPKNFFWGIG TGALQVEGSW 101KKDGKGPSIW DHFIHTHLKN VSSTNGSSDS YIFLEKDLSA LDFIGVSFYQ 151FSISWPRLFP DGIVTVANAK GLQYYSTLLD ALVLRNIEPI VTLYHWDLPL 201ALQEKYGGWK NDTIIDIFND YATYCFQMFG DRVKYWITIH NPYLVAWHGY 251GTGMHAPGEK GNLAAVYTVG HNLIKAHSKV WHNYNTHFRP HQKGWLSITL 301GSHWIEPNRS ENTMDIFKCQ QSMVSVLGWF ANPIHGDGDY PEGMRKKLFS 351VLPIFSEAEK HEMRGTADFF AFSFGPNNFK PLNTMAKMGQ NVSLNLREAL 401NWIKLEYNNP RILIAENGWF TDSRVKTEDT TAIYMMKNFL SQVLQAIRLD 451EIRVFGYTAW SLLDGFEWQD AYTIRRGLFY VDFNSKQKER KPKSSAHYYK 501QIIRENGFSL KESTPDVQGQ FPCDFSWGVT ESVLKPESVA SSPQFSDPHL 551YVWNATGNRL LHRVEGVRLK TRPAQCTDFV NIKKQLEMLA RMKVTHYRFA 601LDWASVLPTG NLSAVNRQAL RYYRCVVSEG LKLGISAMVT LYYPTHAHLG 651LPEPLLHADG WLNPSTAEAF QAYAGLCFQE LGDLVKLWIT INEPNRLSDI 701YNRSGNDTYG AAHNLLVAHA LAWRLYDRQF RPSQRGAVSL SLHADWAEPA 751NPYADSHWRA AERFLQFEIA WFAEPLFKTG DYPAAMREYI ASKHRRGLSS 801SALPRLTEAE RRLLKGTVDF CALNHFTTRF VMHEQLAGSR YDSDRDIQFL 851QDITRLSSPT RLAVIPWGVR KLLRWVRRNY GDMDIYITAS GIDDQALEDD 901RLRKYYLGKY LQEVLKAYLI DKVRIKGYYA FKLAEEKSKP RFGFFTSDFK 951AKSSIQFYNK VISSRGFPFE NSSSRCSQTQ ENTECTVCLF LVQKKPLIFL 1001GCCFFSTLVL LLSIAIFQRQ KRRKFWKAKN LQHIPLKKGK RVVS

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of human beta klotho is providedbelow:

(SEQ ID NO: 298) atgaagccaggctgtgcggcaggatctccagggaatgaatggattttcttcagcactgatgaaataaccacacgctataggaatacaatgtccaacgggggattgcaaagatctgtcatcctgtcagcacttattctgctacgagctgttactggattctctggagatggaagagctatatggtctaaaaatcctaattttactccggtaaatgaaagtcagctgtttctctatgacactttccctaaaaactttttctggggtattgggactggagcattgcaagtggaagggagttggaagaaggatggaaaaggaccttctatatgggatcatttcatccacacacaccttaaaaatgtcagcagcacgaatggttccagtgacagttatatttttctggaaaaagacttatcagccctggattttataggagtttctttttatcaattttcaatttcctggccaaggcttttccccgatggaatagtaacagttgccaacgcaaaaggtctgcagtactacagtactcttctggacgctctagtgcttagaaacattgaacctatagttactttataccactgggatttgcctttggcactacaagaaaaatatggggggtggaaaaatgataccataatagatatcttcaatgactatgccacatactgtttccagatgtttggggaccgtgtcaaatattggattacaattcacaacccatatctagtggcttggcatgggtatgggacaggtatgcatgcccctggagagaagggaaatttagcagctgtctacactgtgggacacaacttgatcaaggctcactcgaaagtttggcataactacaacacacatttccgcccacatcagaagggttggttatcgatcacgttgggatctcattggatcgagccaaaccggtcggaaaacacgatggatatattcaaatgtcaacaatccatggtttctgtgcttggatggtttgccaaccctatccatggggatggcgactatccagaggggatgagaaagaagttgttctccgttctacccattttctctgaagcagagaagcatgagatgagaggcacagctgatttctttgccttttcttttggacccaacaacttcaagcccctaaacaccatggctaaaatgggacaaaatgtttcacttaatttaagagaagcgctgaactggattaaactggaatacaacaaccctcgaatcttgattgctgagaatggctggttcacagacagtcgtgtgaaaacagaagacaccacggccatctacatgatgaagaatttcctcagccaggtgcttcaagcaataaggttagatgaaatacgagtgtttggttatactgcctggtctctcctggatggctttgaatggcaggatgcttacaccatccgccgaggattattttatgtggattttaacagtaaacagaaagagcggaaacctaagtcttcagcacactactacaaacagatcatacgagaaaatggtttttctttaaaagagtccacgccagatgtgcagggccagtttccctgtgacttctcctggggtgtcactgaatctgttcttaagcccgagtctgtggcttcgtccccacagttcagcgatcctcatctgtacgtgtggaacgccactggcaacagactgttgcaccgagtggaaggggtgaggctgaaaacacgacccgctcaatgcacagattttgtaaacatcaaaaaacaacttgagatgttggcaagaatgaaagtcacccactaccggtttgctctggattgggcctcggtccttcccactggcaacctgtccgcggtgaaccgacaggccctgaggtactacaggtgcgtggtcagtgaggggctgaagcttggcatctccgcgatggtcaccctgtattatccgacccacgcccacctaggcctccccgagcctctgttgcatgccgacgggtggctgaacccatcgacggccgaggccttccaggcctacgctgggctgtgcttccaggagctgggggacctggtgaagctctggatcaccatcaacgagcctaaccggctaagtgacatctacaaccgctctggcaacgacacctacggggcggcgcacaacctgctggtggcccacgccctggcctggcgcctctacgaccggcagttcaggccctcacagcgcggggccgtgtcgctgtcgctgcacgcggactgggcggaacccgccaacccctatgctgactcgcactggagggcggccgagcgcttcctgcagttcgagatcgcctggttcgccgagccgctcttcaagaccggggactaccccgcggccatgagggaatacattgcctccaagcaccgacgggggctttccagctcggccctgccgcgcctcaccgaggccgaaaggaggctgctcaagggcacggtcgacttctgcgcgctcaaccacttcaccactaggttcgtgatgcacgagcagctggccggcagccgctacgactcggacagggacatccagtttctgcaggacatcacccgcctgagctcccccacgcgcctggctgtgattccctggggggtgcgcaagctgctgcggtgggtccggaggaactacggcgacatggacatttacatcaccgccagtggcatcgacgaccaggctctggaggatgaccggctccggaagtactacctagggaagtaccttcaggaggtgctgaaagcatacctgattgataaagtcagaatcaaaggctattatgcattcaaactggctgaagagaaatctaaacccagatttggattcttcacatctgattttaaagctaaatcctcaatacaattttacaacaaagtgatcagcagcaggggcttcccttttgagaacagtagttctagatgcagtcagacccaagaaaatacagagtgcactgtctgcttattccttgtgcagaagaaaccactgatattcctgggttgttgcttcttctccaccctggttctactcttatcaattgccatttttcaaaggcagaagagaagaaagttttggaaagcaaaaaacttacaacacataccattaaagaaaggcaagagagttgttagc

The amino acid sequence of beta klotho from cynomolgus monkey (cyno),scientific name Macaca fascicularis, is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 299) 1MKPGCAAGSP GNEWIFFSTD EITIRYRNTM SNGGLQRSVI LSALTLLRAV 51TGFSGDGRAV WSKNPNFTPV NESQLFLYDT FPKNFFWGVG TGALQVEGSW 101KKDGKGPSIW DHFVHTHLKN VSSTNGSSDS YIFLEKDLSA LDFIGVSFYQ 151FSISWPRLFP DGIVTVANAK GLQYYNTLLD SLVLRNIEPI VTLYHWDLPL 201ALQEKYGGWK NDTIIDIFND YATYCFQTFG DRVKYWITIH NPYLVAWHGY 251GTGMHAPGEK GNLAAVYTVG HNLIKAHSKV WHNYNTHFRP HQKGWLSITL 301GSHWIEPNRS ENTMDILKCQ QSMVSVLGWF ANPIHGDGDY PEGMKKKLLS 351ILPLFSEAEK NEVRGTADFF AFSFGPNNFK PLNTMAKMGQ NVSLNLREAL 401NWIKLEYNNP RILIAENGWF TDSHVKTEDT TAIYMMKNFL SQVLQAIRLD 451EIRVFGYTAW SLLDGFEWQD AYTIRRGLFY VDFNSKQKER KPKSSAHYYK 501QIIRENGFSL KEATPDVQGQ FPCDFSWGVT ESVLKPESVA SSPQFSDPYL 551YVWNATGNRL LHRVEGVRLK TRPAQCTDFV NIKKQLEMLA RMKVTHYRFA 601LDWASVLPTG NLSAVNRQAL RYYRCVVSEG LKLGISAMVT LYYPTHAHLG 651LPEPLLHAGG WLNPSTVEAF QAYAGLCFQE LGDLVKLWIT INEPNRLSDI 701YNRSGNDTYG AAHNLLVAHA LAWRLYDRQF RPSQRGAVSL SLHADWAEPA 751NPYADSHWRA AERFLQFEIA WFAEPLFKTG DYPAAMREYI ASKHRRGLSS 801SALPRLTEAE RRLLKGTVDF CALNHFTTRF VMHEQLAGSR YDSDRDIQFL 851QDITRLSSPT RLAVIPWGVR KLLRWVRRNY GDMDIYITAS GIDDQALEDD 901RLRKYYLEKY LQEVLKAYLI DKVRIKGYYA FKLAEEKSKP RFGFFTSDFK 951AKSSIQFYNK MISSSGFPSE NSSSRCSQTQ KNTECTVCLF LVQKKPLIFL 1001GCCFFSTLVL LLSITIFHRQ KRRKFWKAKN LQHIPLKKGK RVLS

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of cyno beta klotho is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 300) atgaagcctggatgtgccgccggaagccccggcaacgagtggatcttcttcagcaccgacgagatcaccatccggtacagaaacaccatgagcaacggcggcctgcagcggagcgtgatcctgtctgctctgaccctgctgagagccgtgaccggcttcagcggagatggcagagccgtgtggtccaagaaccccaacttcacccccgtgaacgagagccagctgttcctgtacgataccttccccaagaacttcttctggggcgtgggcacaggcgccctgcaggtggaaggatcctggaagaaggacggcaagggccccagcatctgggaccactttgtgcacacccacctgaagaacgtgtccagcaccacggcagcagcgacagctacatctttctggaaaaggacctgagcgccctggacttcatcggcgtgtccttctaccagttcagcatcagctggcccagactgttccccgacggcatcgtgacagtggccaatgccaagggcctgcagtactacaacaccctgctggacagcctggtgctgcggaacatcgagcccatcgtgaccctgtaccactgggacctgccactggctctgcaggagaaatacggcggctggaagaacgacaccatcatcgacatcttcaacgactacgccacctactgcttccagaccttcggcgacagagtgaagtactggatcacaatccacaacccctacctggtggcctggcacggctatggcaccggaatgcatgcccctggcgagaagggaaatctggccgccgtgtacaccgtgggccacaacctgatcaaggcccacagcaaagtgtggcacaactacaatacccacttccggccccaccagaagggctggctgtctatcacactgggcagccactggatcgagcctaaccgcagcgagaacaccatggacatcctgaagtgccagcagagcatggtgtccgtgctgggatggttcgccaaccccattcacggcgacggcgattaccccgagggcatgaagaagaagctgctgagcatcctgcccctgttcagcgaggccgagaagaacgaagtgcggggcaccgccgatttcttcgcctttagcttcggccccaacaacttcaagcccctgaataccatggccaagatgggccagaatgtgtccctgaacctgagagaggccctgaactggatcaagctggagtacaacaacccccggatcctgatcgccgagaacggctggttcaccgacagccacgtgaaaaccgaggacaccaccgccatctatatgatgaagaacttcctgagccaggtgctgcaggctatccggctggatgagatccgggtgttcggctacaccgcctggtcactgctggacggcttcgaatggcaggacgcctacaccatcagacggggcctgttctacgtggacttcaacagcaagcagaaagagcggaagcccaagagcagcgcccactactacaagcagatcatcagagagaatggcttcagcctgaaagaggccacccccgacgtgcagggccagttcccttgtgatttctcttggggcgtgaccgagagcgtgctgaagcctgaaagcgtggccagcagcccccagttcagcgacccttacctgtacgtgtggaacgccaccggcaaccggctgctgcatagagtggaaggcgtgcggctgaaaaccagacccgcccagtgcaccgacttcgtgaacatcaagaaacagctggaaatgctggcccggatgaaagtgacccactacagattcgccctggactgggccagcgtgctgcctaccggaaatctgagcgccgtgaacagacaggccctgcggtactacagatgcgtggtgtccgagggcctgaagctgggcatcagcgccatggtcaccctgtactaccctacccacgcccacctgggactgcctgaacctctgctgcatgctggcggctggctgaaccctagcaccgtggaagcctttcaggcctacgccgggctgtgcttccaggaactgggcgacctcgtgaagctgtggatcaccatcaacgagcccaacagactgagcgacatctacaacagaagcggcaacgacacctacggcgctgcccacaatctgctggtggctcatgccctggcttggcggctgtacgacagacagttccggccttctcagcggggagccgtgtctctgtctctgcatgccgattgggccgagcccgccaacccttacgccgactctcattggagagccgccgagcggttcctgcagttcgagatcgcttggtttgccgagcccctgttcaagaccggcgattaccctgccgccatgagagagtatatcgccagcaagcacagacggggcctgagcagctctgccctgcctagactgaccgaggccgagcggagactgctgaagggaaccgtggatttctgcgccctgaaccacttcaccaccagattcgtgatgcacgagcagctggccggcagcagatacgacagcgaccgggacatccagtttctgcaggacatcacccggctgagcagccctacaagactggccgtgatcccttggggagtgcggaagctgctgagatgggtgcgcagaaactacggcgacatggatatctacatcaccgccagcggcatcgacgaccaggccctggaagatgaccggctgcggaagtactacctggaaaagtacctgcaggaagtgctgaaggcctacctgatcgacaaagtgcggatcaagggctactacgccttcaagctggccgaggaaaagagcaagcccagattcggcttcttcaccagcgacttcaaggccaagagcagcatccagttctacaacaagatgatcagcagcagcggcttccccagcgagaacagcagctccagatgcagccagacccagaaaaacaccgagtgtaccgtgtgcctgttcctggtgcagaagaagcccctgatcttcctgggctgctgcttctttagcaccctggtgctgctgctgtccatcaccatcttccaccggcagaagcggagaaagttctggaaggccaaaaacctgcagcacatccccctgaagaaaggcaagcgggtgctgagctga

The amino acid sequence of beta klotho homolog from mouse, scientificname Mus musculus, is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 301) 1MKTGCAAGSP GNEWIFFSSD ERNTRSRKTM SNRALQRSAV LSAFVLLRAV 51TGFSGDGKAI WDKKQYVSPV NPSQLFLYDT FPKNFSWGVG TGAFQVEGSW 101KTDGRGPSIW DRYVYSHLRG VNGTDRSTDS YIFLEKDLLA LDFLGVSFYQ 151FSISWPRLFP NGTVAAVNAQ GLRYYRALLD SLVLRNIEPI VTLYHWDLPL 201TLQEEYGGWK NATMIDLFND YATYCFQTFG DRVKYWITIH NPYLVAWHGF 251GTGMHAPGEK GNLTAVYTVG HNLIKAHSKV WHNYDKNFRP HQKGWLSITL 301GSHWIEPNRT DNMEDVINCQ HSMSSVLGWF ANPIHGDGDY PEFMKTGAMI 351PEFSEAEKEE VRGTADFFAF SFGPNNFRPS NTVVKMGQNV SLNLRQVLNW 401IKLEYDDPQI LISENGWFTD SYIKTEDTTA IYMMKNFLNQ VLQAIKFDEI 451RVFGYTAWTL LDGFEWQDAY TTRRGLFYVD FNSEQKERKP KSSAHYYKQI 501IQDNGFPLKE STPDMKGRFP CDFSWGVTES VLKPEFTVSS PQFTDPHLYV 551WNVTGNRLLY RVEGVRLKTR PSQCTDYVSI KKRVEMLAKM KVTHYQFALD 601WTSILPTGNL SKVNRQVLRY YRCVVSEGLK LGVFPMVTLY HPTHSHLGLP 651LPLLSSGGWL NMNTAKAFQD YAELCFRELG DLVKLWITIN EPNRLSDMYN 701RTSNDTYRAA HNLMIAHAQV WHLYDRQYRP VQHGAVSLSL HCDWAEPANP 751FVDSHWKAAE RFLQFEIAWF ADPLFKTGDY PSVMKEYIAS KNQRGLSSSV 801LPRFTAKESR LVKGTVDFYA LNHFTTRFVI HKQLNTNRSV ADRDVQFLQD 851ITRLSSPSRL AVTPWGVRKL LAWIRRNYRD RDIYITANGI DDLALEDDQI 901RKYYLEKYVQ EALKAYLIDK VKIKGYYAFK LTEEKSKPRF GFFTSDFRAK 951SSVQFYSKLI SSSGLPAENR SPACGQPAED TDCTICSFLV EKKPLIFFGC 1001CFISTLAVLL SITVFHHQKR RKFQKARNLQ NIPLKKGHSR VFS

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of mouse beta klotho is providedbelow:

(SEQ ID NO: 302) atgaagacaggctgtgcagcagggtctccggggaatgaatggattttcttcagctctgatgaaagaaacacacgctctaggaaaacaatgtccaacagggcactgcaaagatctgccgtgctgtctgcgtttgttctgctgcgagctgttaccggcttctccggagacgggaaagcaatatgggataaaaaacagtacgtgagtccggtaaacccaagtcagctgttcctctatgacactttccctaaaaacttttcctggggcgttgggaccggagcatttcaagtggaagggagttggaagacagatggaagaggaccctcgatctgggatcggtacgtctactcacacctgagaggtgtcaacggcacagacagatccactgacagttacatctttctggaaaaagacttgttggctctggattttttaggagtttctttttatcagttctcaatctcctggccacggttgtttcccaatggaacagtagcagcagtgaatgcgcaaggtctccggtactaccgtgcacttctggactcgctggtacttaggaatatcgagcccattgttaccttgtaccattgggatttgcctctgacgctccaggaagaatatgggggctggaaaaatgcaactatgatagatctcttcaacgactatgccacatactgcttccagacctttggagaccgtgtcaaatattggattacaattcacaacccttaccttgttgcttggcatgggtttggcacaggtatgcatgcaccaggagagaagggaaatttaacagctgtctacactgtgggacacaacctgatcaaggcacattcgaaagtgtggcataactacgacaaaaacttccgccctcatcagaagggttggctctccatcaccttggggtcccattggatagagccaaacagaacagacaacatggaggacgtgatcaactgccagcactccatgtcctctgtgcttggatggttcgccaaccccatccacggggacggcgactaccctgagttcatgaagacgggcgccatgatccccgagttctctgaggcagagaaggaggaggtgaggggcacggctgatttctttgccttttccttcgggcccaacaacttcaggccctcaaacaccgtggtgaaaatgggacaaaatgtatcactcaacttaaggcaggtgctgaactggattaaactggaatacgatgaccctcaaatcttgatttcggagaacggctggttcacagatagctatataaagacagaggacaccacggccatctacatgatgaagaatttcctaaaccaggttcttcaagcaataaaatttgatgaaatccgcgtgtttggttatacggcctggactctcctggatggctttgagtggcaggatgcctatacgacccgacgagggctgttttatgtggactttaacagtgagcagaaagagaggaaacccaagtcctcggctcattactacaagcagatcatacaagacaacggcttccctttgaaagagtccacgccagacatgaagggtcggttcccctgtgatttctcttggggagtcactgagtctgttcttaagcccgagtttacggtctcctccccgcagtttaccgatcctcacctgtatgtgtggaatgtcactggcaacagattgctctaccgagtggaaggggtaaggctgaaaacaagaccatcccagtgcacagattatgtgagcatcaaaaaacgagttgaaatgttggcaaaaatgaaagtcacccactaccagtttgctctggactggacctctatccttcccactggcaatctgtccaaagttaacagacaagtgttaaggtactataggtgtgtggtgagcgaaggactgaagctgggcgtcttccccatggtgacgttgtaccacccaacccactcccatctcggcctccccctgccacttctgagcagtggggggtggctaaacatgaacacagccaaggccttccaggactacgctgagctgtgcttccgggagttgggggacttggtgaagctctggatcaccatcaatgagcctaacaggctgagtgacatgtacaaccgcacgagtaatgacacctaccgtgcagcccacaacctgatgatcgcccatgcccaggtctggcacctctatgataggcagtataggccggtccagcatggggctgtgtcgctgtccttacattgcgactgggcagaacctgccaacccctttgtggattcacactggaaggcagccgagcgcttcctccagtttgagatcgcctggtttgcagatccgctcttcaagactggcgactatccatcggttatgaaggaatacatcgcctccaagaaccagcgagggctgtctagctcagtcctgccgcgcttcaccgcgaaggagagcaggctggtgaagggtaccgtcgacttctacgcactgaaccacttcactacgaggttcgtgatacacaagcagctgaacaccaaccgctcagttgcagacagggacgtccagttcctgcaggacatcacccgcctaagctcgcccagccgcctggctgtaacaccctggggagtgcgcaagctccttgcgtggatccggaggaactacagagacagggatatctacatcacagccaatggcatcgatgacctggctctagaggatgatcagatccgaaagtactacttggagaagtatgtccaggaggctctgaaagcatatctcattgacaaggtcaaaatcaaaggctactatgcattcaaactgactgaagagaaatctaagcctagatttggatttttcacctctgacttcagagctaagtcctctgtccagttttacagcaagctgatcagcagcagtggcctccccgctgagaacagaagtcctgcgtgtggtcagcctgcggaagacacagactgcaccatttgctcatttctcgtggagaagaaaccactcatcttcttcggttgctgcttcatctccactctggctgtactgctatccatcaccgtttttcatcatcaaaagagaagaaaattccagaaagcaaggaacttacaaaatataccattgaagaaaggccacagcaga gttttcagc

The amino acid sequence of beta klotho from rat, scientific name Rattusnorvegicus, is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 356) MKTGCAAGSPGNEVVVFFSSDERSTRSRKTMSNGALQRSAVLSALVLLRAVTGFSGDGKAIWDKKQYVSPVNPGQLFLYDTFPKNFSWGVGTGAFQVEGSWKADGRGPSIWDRYVDSHLRGVNSTDRSTDSYVFLEKDLLALDFLGVSFYQFSISWPRLFPNGTVAAVNAKGLQYYRALLDSLVLRNIEPIVTLYHWDLPLTLQEEYGGWKNATMIDLFNDYATYCFQTFGDRVKYWITIHNPYLVAWHGFGTGMHAPGEKGNLTAVYTVGHNLIKAHSKVWHNYDKNFRPHQKGWLSITLGSHWIEPNRTENMEDVINCQHSMSSVLGWFANPIHGDGDYPEFMKTSSVIPEFSEAEKEEVRGTADFFAFSFGPNNFRPSNTVVKMGQNVSLNLRQVLNWIKLEYDNPRILISENGWFTDSYIKTEDTTAIYMMKNFLNQVLQAIKFDEIQVFGYTAVVTLLDGFEWQDAYTTRRGLFYVDFNSEQKERKPKSSAHYYKQIIQDNGFPLQESTPDMKGQFPCDFSWGVTESVLKPEFTVSSPQFTDPHLYVWNVTGNRLLYRVEGVRLKTRPSQCTDYVSIKKRVEMLAKMKVTHYQFALDVVTSILPTGNLSKINRQVLRYYRCVVSEGLKLGISPMVTLYHPTHSHLGLPMPLLSSGGWLNTNTAKAFQDYAGLCFKELGDLVKLWITINEPNRLSDMYNRTSNDTYRAAHNLMIAHAQVWHLYDRQYRPVQHGAVSLSLHSDWAEPANPYVESHWKAAERFLQFEIAWFADPLFKTGDYPLAMKEYIASKKQRGLSSSVLPRFTLKESRLVKGTIDFYALNHFTTRFVIHKQLNTNCSVADRDVQFLQDITRLSSPSRLAVTPWGMRKLLGWIRRNYRDMDIYVTANGIDDLALEDDQIRKYYLEKYVQEALKAYLIDKVKIKGYYAFKLTEEKSKPRFGFFTSDFKAKSSVQFYSKLISSSGFSSENRSPACGQPPEDTECAICSFLTQKKPLIFFGCCFISTLAALLSITIFHHRKRRKFQKA RNLQNIPLKKGHSRVFS

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of rat beta klotho is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 357) ATGAAGACAGGCTGTGCAGCAGGGTCTCCAGGGAATGAATGGGTTTTCTTCAGCTCTGATGAAAGAAGCACACGCTCTAGGAAAACAATGTCCAACGGAGCACTGCAAAGATCTGCCGTGCTGTCTGCATTGGTTCTGCTGCGAGCTGTTACCGGCTTCTCTGGAGACGGAAAAGCAATATGGGATAAAAAACAATACGTGAGTCCGGTAAACCCAGGTCAGCTGTTCCTCTATGACACTTTCCCTAAAAACTTTTCCTGGGGCGTTGGGACCGGAGCATTTCAAGTGGAAGGGAGTTGGAAGGCAGATGGAAGAGGACCCTCGATCTGGGACCGTTATGTCGACTCACACCTGAGAGGTGTCAACAGCACAGACAGATCCACTGACAGTTATGTCTTTCTGGAAAAGGACTTGCTGGCTCTGGATTTTTTAGGAGTTTCTTTTTATCAGTTCTCAATCTCCTGGCCGCGGTTGTTCCCCAACGGAACAGTAGCAGCTGTGAATGCAAAAGGTCTCCAGTACTACAGAGCACTTCTGGACTCGCTGGTACTTAGGAATATCGAACCCATTGTTACCTTATACCATTGGGATTTGCCTTTGACGCTACAGGAAGAATATGGGGGCTGGAAAAATGCAACTATGATAGATCTCTTCAATGACTATGCCACATACTGCTTCCAGACCTTTGGAGACCGTGTCAAATATTGGATTACAATTCACAACCCTTACCTCGTTGCTTGGCATGGGTTTGGCACAGGTATGCATGCGCCAGGAGAGAAGGGAAATTTAACAGCTGTCTACACTGTGGGACACAACCTGATCAAGGCGCATTCGAAAGTGTGGCATAACTACGACAAAAACTTCCGCCCTCATCAGAAGGGTTGGCTCTCCATCACCTTGGGGTCCCATTGGATAGAACCAAACAGAACAGAAAACATGGAGGACGTGATCAACTGCCAGCACTCCATGTCTTCTGTGCTCGGATGGTTTGCCAACCCCATCCACGGAGACGGCGACTACCCCGAGTTCATGAAGACGAGCTCCGTAATCCCTGAGTTCTCTGAGGCAGAGAAGGAGGAGGTGCGGGGCACTGCTGACTTCTTTGCCTTTTCCTTCGGGCCCAACAATTTCAGGCCCTCGAACACCGTGGTAAAAATGGGACAAAATGTATCACTCAACTTAAGACAGGTGCTGAACTGGATTAAACTAGAATATGACAACCCTCGAATCTTGATTTCGGAGAACGGCTGGTTCACAGATAGTTATATAAAGACGGAAGATACCACGGCCATCTACATGATGAAGAATTTCCTCAACCAGGTTCTTCAAGCAATAAAGTTTGATGAAATACAAGTGTTTGGTTATACGGCTTGGACTCTCCTGGATGGCTTTGAGTGGCAGGATGCCTACACGACCCGACGAGGGCTGTTTTATGTGGACTTTAATAGTGAGCAGAAAGAGAGGAAACCCAAGTCCTCCGCTCATTACTACAAACAGATTATACAAGACAACGGTTTCCCTTTGCAAGAATCCACACCAGACATGAAGGGTCAGTTTCCCTGTGACTTCTCCTGGGGAGTCACTGAGTCTGTTCTTAAGCCGGAGTTTACGGTGTCCTCCCCACAGTTTACTGATCCTCACCTGTATGTGTGGAATGTCACTGGCAACAGATTGCTATACCGAGTGGAAGGAGTCAGGCTAAAAACAAGACCGTCCCAATGCACAGATTATGTGAGCATCAAAAAACGAGTTGAAATGTTGGCCAAAATGAAAGTCACCCACTACCAGTTTGCTCTGGACTGGACCTCTATCCTCCCTACCGGAAATCTGTCTAAAATTAATAGACAAGTGTTGAGGTACTATAGGTGTGTGGTGAGCGAAGGACTGAAGCTGGGCATCTCCCCTATGGTGACGTTGTACCACCCGACCCACTCCCATCTAGGCCTCCCCATGCCACTTCTGAGCAGTGGGGGATGGCTAAACACCAACACAGCCAAGGCCTTCCAGGACTACGCAGGCCTGTGCTTCAAGGAGCTGGGGGACTTGGTAAAGCTCTGGATCACCATCAATGAACCCAATAGGCTGAGTGACATGTACAACCGCACGAGTAACGACACCTACCGTGCGGCCCACAACCTGATGATCGCCCATGCCCAGGTCTGGCACCTCTATGATAGGCAGTATAGGCCGGTCCAGCACGGGGCTGTGTCGCTGTCCTTACATTCCGACTGGGCAGAACCTGCCAACCCCTATGTGGAGTCTCACTGGAAGGCAGCCGAGCGCTTCCTCCAGTTTGAGATCGCCTGGTTTGCGGATCCACTCTTCAAGACTGGTGACTACCCGCTGGCCATGAAGGAATACATCGCCTCCAAGAAGCAGCGAGGGCTGTCTAGCTCAGTCCTGCCGCGCTTTACCTTGAAGGAGAGCAGGCTGGTGAAGGGGACCATCGACTTTTACGCACTGAACCACTTCACTACTAGATTCGTGATACACAAGCAGTTGAATACCAACTGCTCAGTGGCAGACAGGGACGTCCAGTTCCTGCAGGACATCACCCGCCTGAGCTCGCCCAGTCGCCTAGCCGTAACGCCCTGGGGAATGCGCAAGCTCCTTGGGTGGATCCGGAGGAACTACAGAGACATGGATATCTACGTCACAGCCAATGGCATTGATGATCTTGCTCTAGAGGACGATCAGATTAGAAAGTACTACTTGGAGAAGTACGTCCAGGAGGCTCTGAAAGCATATCTGATTGACAAGGTCAAAATCAAAGGCTACTATGCATTCAAACTGACTGAAGAGAAATCTAAGCCTAGATTTGGATTTTTCACATCTGACTTCAAAGCTAAATCTTCTGTACAGTTTTATAGCAAGCTGATCAGCAGCAGCGGCTTCTCCTCTGAGAACAGAAGTCCTGCCTGTGGTCAGCCTCCAGAAGACACAGAATGCGCCATTTGCTCCTTCCTTACACAGAAGAAACCACTCATCTTCTTTGGTTGTTGCTTCATCTCCACTCTGGCTGCACTGCTATCAATCACTATTTTTCATCATCGGAAGAGAAGAAAATTCCAGAAAGCAAGGAACTTACAAAATATACCATTGAAGAAAGGGCACAGCAGAGTTTTTAGCTAA

The amino acid sequence of beta klotho from Hamster, scientific nameCricetulus griseus, is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 408 MKAGCAAGSPGNEWIFLSSYERNTRSKKTMSNRALQRSVVLSAFVLLRAVTGLSGDGKAIWDKKQYVSPVNASQLFLYDTFPKNFFWGVGTGAFQVEGNWQADGRGPSIWDRFIYTHLRDVSITEKSADSYIFLEKDLLALDFLGVSFYQFSISWPRLFPNGTVASVNAKGLQYYNKLLDSLILRNIEPVVTLYHWDLPLALQEDYGGWKNATMIDLFNDYATYCFQTFGDRVKYWITIHNPYLVAWHGFATGMHAPGETGNLTAVYIVGHNLIKAHSKVWHNYDKNFRPHQKGLLSITLGSHWIEPNKTENMADTISCQHSMAFVLGWFANPIHADGDYPEFMKTLSTMPVFSEAEKEEVRGTADFFAFSFGPNNFRPSNTVVKMGQNVSLNLRQVLNWIKLEYDNPRILISENGWFTDSDIKTEDTTAIYMMKHFLNQVLQAIQFDEIRVFGYTAWSLLDGFEWQYAYTSRRGLFYVDFNSEQKERKPKTSAHYYKQIIQENGFPLKESTPDMQGQFPCDFSWGVTESVLKPEFMVSSPQFTDPHLYVWNATGNRLLQRVEGVRLKTKPSHCTDYVSIKKRVEMLAKMKVTHYQFALDWATILPTGNLSEVNRQVLRYYRCVVSEGLKLGVSPMVTLYHPTHSHLGLPEPLLNSGGWLNTYTAKAFQDYAGLCFQELGDLVKLWITINEPNRLSDMYNRTSNDTYRAAHNLMIAHAQVWRLYDRQYRPVQHGAVSLSLHSDWVEPANPYVDSHWKAAERFLLFEIAWFADPLFKTGDYPLAMKEYIASKNQQGLSRSVLPRFTPEESRLVKGTIDFYALNHFTTRFVIHKQLNSSRSMADRDVQFLQDITRLSSPSRLAVMPWGARKLLGWIQRNYGDMDIYITANGIDDLALENDGIRKYYLEKYIQEALKAYLIDKVKIKGYYAFKLTEEKSKPRFGFFTSDFKAKSSVEFYSKLISRSGFPSETSNPACGQPPEDTDCTICSFFTQKKSLIFFGCCFISTLAVLLSITIFHHRKRRFHKSKNLENIPLKEGHSRVLS

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of Hamster beta klotho is providedbelow:

(SEQ ID NO: 409) atgtccaacagggcactgcaaagatctgtcgtgctgtcagcgtttgttctgctgcgagctgttaccggattgtctggagacgggaaagcgatatgggataaaaaacagtacgtgagtccggtgaatgcaagtcagctgtttctctatgacactttccctaaaaactttttctggggtgttggaactggagcatttcaagtggaagggaattggcaggcagacggaagaggaccctcgatttgggatcgtttcatctacacacacctgagagatgtcagcatcacagagaaatccgccgacagttacatttttctggaaaaagatttgttggctctggattttttaggagtttctttttatcagttctcaatctcctggccacggttgttccccaatggaacagtagcatccgtgaatgcaaaaggtctccaatactacaacaaacttctggactcgctgatacttaggaatattgagcccgttgttaccttataccattgggatttgcctttggcgctacaggaagactatgggggttggaaaaatgcaactatgatagatctcttcaatgactatgccacatactgcttccagacctttggagaccgtgtcaagtattggattacaattcacaacccttacctggttgcttggcatgggtttgccacaggtatgcatgcgccaggagagacgggaaatttaacagctgtctacattgtgggacacaacctgatcaaggctcattcgaaagtgtggcataactacgacaaaaacttccgcccccatcagaagggtttgctgtccattaccttggggtcccactggatagaaccaaacaaaacagaaaacatggccgatacaatcagctgccagcactctatggcttttgtgcttgggtggtttgccaaccccatccatgcagacggcgactaccctgagttcatgaaaacattgtccaccatgccagtgttctctgaggcagagaaggaggaggtgaggggcacagctgacttctttgccttttcctttgggcccaacaatttcaggccctcgaacactgtagtgaaaatgggacaaaatgtatcactcaacttaagacaggtgctgaactggattaaattagaatatgacaaccctcgaatcttgatttcggagaatggctggttcacagatagtgacataaagacagaggacaccacagccatctacatgatgaagcatttcctcaaccaggttcttcaagcaatacagtttgatgaaatacgagtgtttggttacacggcctggtctctcctggatggctttgaatggcagtatgcctacacgtctcgccgaggactgttttatgtggactttaatagtgaacagaaagaaaggaaacccaagacctcggcacattactacaaacagatcatacaagaaaatggtttccctttgaaagagtccacgccagacatgcagggtcagtttccctgtgacttctcctggggggtcaccgagtctgttcttaagccggagtttatggtttcctccccacagtttaccgaccctcacctgtatgtgtggaatgccactggcaacagattgctacagcgagtagaaggagtaaggctaaaaacaaaaccatcccactgcacagactatgttagcatcaaaaaacgagttgagatgttggccaaaatgaaagtcacccactaccagtttgctctggactgggccaccatccttcccactggcaatctgtctgaagttaatagacaagtactaaggtactataggtgtgtggtgagcgaaggactgaagctgggcgtctctcccatggtgacgttgtaccaccccacccactcccatctaggcctccctgagccgcttcttaacagtgggggatggctaaacacttacaccgccaaggccttccaggactacgcaggactgtgcttccaggaactaggggacttggtgaagctctggatcaccatcaatgagcctaataggctgagtgacatgtacaaccgcacgagtaatgacacctaccgtgcagcccataacctgatgattgcccatgcccaggtctggcgtctctacgacaggcagtataggccagtccagcatggagctgtgtcgctgtccctacattctgactgggtggaacctgccaacccctatgtggactcacactggaaggcagcggagcgcttcctcctgtttgagatcgcctggttcgctgatccgctcttcaagactggcgactatccactggccatgaaggagtacatcgcctccaagaaccagcaagggctgtcccgctcagtcctgccgcgcttcaccccagaggagagcaggctggtgaagggcaccatcgacttctacgcactgaaccacttcactactaggttcgtgatacacaaacagctcaacagcagccgctctatggcagacagggacgtccagttcctgcaggacatcacccgcctgagctcgcccagccgcctggctgttatgccctggggagcacgcaagctgcttgggtggatccagaggaactatggggacatggacatctacatcacagccaatggcatcgatgatctggctctggagaatgatgggatccgaaagtactacttggagaagtacatccaggaggctctgaaagcatacctcattgacaaagtcaaaatcaaaggctattatgcattcaaactgactgaagagaaatctaagcctagatttggatttttcacatctgacttcaaagctaagtcatctgtagagttttatagcaagttgatcagcagaagtggcttcccctctgagactagcaatcccgcatgtggtcagcctccagaagacacagactgcaccatctgctcatttttcactcagaagaaatctctgatcttctttggttgttgcttcatctccactctggctgtactgctgtcaatcaccatttttcatcatcgaaagagaagatttcataaatcaaagaacttagaaaatataccattgaaggaaggccacagtagagttcttagctaa

The amino acid sequence of beta klotho from rabbit, scientific nameOryctolagus cuniculus, is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 410) MKPGCAAGSPGNEWVSFCTDERNRRCRETMSSGRLRRSVMLSAFILLRAVTGFPGDGRAVWSQNPNLSPVNESQLFLYDTFPKNFFWGVGTGAFQVEGSWKKDGKGLSVWDHFIATHLNVSSRDGSSDSYIFLEKDLSALDFLGVSFYQFSISWPRLFPDGTVAVANAKGLQYYNRLLDSLLLRNIEPVVTLYHWDLPWALQEKYGGWKNETLIDLFNDYATYCFQTFGDRVKYWITIHNPYLVAWHGYGTGLHAPGEKGNVAAVYTVGHNLLKAHSKVWHNYNRNFRPHQKGWLSITLGSHWIEPNRAESIVDILKCQQSMVSVLGWFANPIHGDGDYPEVMTKKLLSVLPAFSEAEKNEVRGTADFFAFSFGPNNFKPLNTMAKMGQNVSLNLRQVLNWIKLEYGNPRILIAENGWFTDSYVQTEDTTAIYMMKNFLNQVLQAIRLDGVRVFGYTAWSLLDGFEWQDAYNTRRGLFYVDFNSEQRERRPKSSAHYYKQVIGENGFTLREATPDLQGQFPCDFSWGVTESVLKPESVASSPQFSDPHLYVWNATGNRMLHRVEGVRLKTRPAQCTDFITIKKQLEMLARMKVTHFRFALDWASVLPTGNLSEVNRQALRYYRCVVTEGLKLNISPMVTLYYPTHAHLGLPAPLLHSGGWLDPSTAKAFRDYAGLCFRELGDLVKLWITINEPNRLSDVYNRTSNDTYQAAHNLLIAHALVWHLYDRQYRPSQRGALSLSLHSDWAEPANPYVASHWQAAERFLQFEIAWFAEPLFKTGDYPVAMREYIASKTRRGLSSSVLPRFSDAERRLVKGAADFYALNHFTTRFVMHEQQNGSRYDSDRDVQFLQDITRLASPSRLAVMPWGEGKLLRWMRNNYGDLDVYITANGIDDQALQNDQLRQYYLEKYVQEALKAYLIDKIKIKGYYAFKLTEEKSKPRFGFFTSDFKAKSSIQFYNKLITSNGFPSENGGPRCNQTQGNPECTVCLLLLQKKPLIFFSCCFFCTLVLLSSITIFHRRKRRKFWKAKDLQHIPLKKGHKRVLS

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of rabbit beta klotho is providedbelow:

(SEQ ID NO: 411) tgaagccgtgataagacggtcccgcagttcgtggcaaatgaagccaggctgtgcggcaggatctccagggaatgaatgggtttccttctgcaccgatgaaagaaacagacgctgtagggaaacgatgtccagcggacgcctgcggagatctgtcatgctgtcagccttcatcctgctgcgagccgtgactgggttccccggagacggaagagctgtatggtcgcaaaatcctaatttgagtccggtaaacgaaagtcagctgtttctctatgacactttcccaaaaaactttttctggggtgtggggactggagccttccaagtggaagggagttggaagaaggatgggaaaggactctctgtatgggatcatttcatcgctacacacctgaacgtcagcagccgcgatggctccagtgacagctacatttttttggagaaagacttatcggcgctggattttttaggagtctctttttatcagttttcaatttcctggccaagactgttcccggatggcacagtagcagtcgccaatgcaaaaggtctccagtactataatcggctcctggactctctgctacttagaaacattgaacctgtagtcactttataccattgggatctgccttgggcgctacaagaaaaatacggggggtggaaaaacgagacgttgattgatttattcaatgactatgccacctactgtttccagacgtttggggaccgtgtcaaatactggatcaccattcacaatccctatctggtggcttggcatggctacgggacaggtctgcatgctccgggagagaaggggaatgtggcagctgtctacactgtgggacacaacctgcttaaggctcattcaaaagtctggcacaactacaacaggaatttccgcccgcatcagaaaggctggctgtcgatcacgctgggatcccactggattgagccaaacagagcggaaagcatcgtggacatactcaagtgccagcagtccatggtctcggtgctgggctggtttgccaacccgatccacggggacggggactacccagaggtgatgacaaagaagctgctctccgtcctgcccgctttctcagaagcagagaagaacgaggtacgaggcaccgcagacttctttgccttttcgtttggacccaacaacttcaagcccttaaacaccatggctaaaatggggcagaatgtgtcactcaatctaagacaggtgctgaactggattaaactggaatatggcaaccctcgaatcctgatcgctgagaacggctggttcacagacagttacgtgcaaacagaagacaccacagccatctacatgatgaagaatttcctcaaccaggttcttcaagcaataaggttggatggagtccgagtgtttggctacactgcctggtctctcctggatggcttcgaatggcaggacgcttacaacacccgccgtggactgttttatgtggacttcaacagcgaacagagagaaagaaggcccaagtcctcggcgcattactataaacaggtcataggagaaaacggcttcacgctcagagaggccaccccggatctgcaggggcagtttccctgtgacttctcctggggcgtcaccgagtctgttcttaagcccgagtcggtggcttcctcgccacagttcagcgaccctcacctctacgtgtggaacgccactggcaaccgaatgcttcaccgggtggaaggggtgaggctgaaaacacggcccgctcagtgcacagatttcatcaccatcaagaaacaactcgagatgttggcaagaatgaaagtcacccacttccggtttgctctggactgggcctcggtccttcccacgggcaacctgtccgaggtgaaccgacaagccctgaggtactacaggtgtgtggtcaccgaggggctgaagctcaacatctcgcccatggtcaccttgtactacccgacccatgcccacctgggcctgcccgcgccgctgctgcacagcggggggtggctggacccatccacggccaaggccttccgcgactacgcagggctgtgcttccgggagctgggggacctggtgaagctctggatcaccatcaacgagcccaaccggctgagcgacgtctacaaccgcaccagcaacgacacctaccaggccgcccacaacctgctgatcgcgcacgcgctcgtgtggcacctgtacgaccgccagtaccggccgtcgcagcgcggggcgctgtcgctgtccctgcactcggactgggccgagcccgccaacccctacgtggcctcgcactggcaggcggccgagcgcttcctgcagttcgagattgcgtggttcgccgagcccctgttcaagaccggggactacccggtggccatgagggagtacatcgcctccaagacccggcgcgggctctccagctccgtgctgccccgcttcagcgacgccgagcggcggctggtcaagggcgccgccgacttctacgccctcaaccacttcaccaccaggttcgtgatgcacgagcagcagaacggcagccgctacgactcggacagggacgtgcagttcctgcaggacatcacccgcctggcctcacccagccgcctggccgtgatgccctggggcgagggcaagctgctgcggtggatgcggaacaactacggagacctggacgtctacatcacggccaatggcatcgacgaccaggccctgcagaacgaccagcttcgccagtactacctggagaagtacgtccaggaggctctgaaagcatatctgatagataaaataaaaatcaaaggctattatgcattcaaactgactgaagaaaaatctaaacccaggtttggattcttcacctctgatttcaaagccaagtcttcaatacagttttacaacaaactaattaccagcaacggcttcccgtctgagaacggcggtcctagatgcaatcagactcaaggaaatcccgagtgcaccgtctgcttactcctcctgcagaagaagccgctgatattctttagctgctgcttcttctgcaccctggttctactctcatcaattaccatctttcacagacggaagagaagaaaattttggaaagcaaaggacttacaacacataccattaaagaaaggccacaagagagtccttagctaaagtgaacttatttctctctgaagagtttagaaattcactccagttccatatgctggtaacacaaaagacatacccgtattgtacacagagtatttgagatactgtgctaaccaaggcgatgacaatcaaaacctctgccatgtggttgaatgcattttcccttaagcggtgacaatcagcgaactcagttcttggttctaaaggaggcttcgcactgccactaggctatgagtattacctgacgcattgctttgtcaagtttgatgagctgtttcgcatcattctctagctttctttagataccaatagctactatggtaaaagttgtttttaaaagtcaaactctgtaaggcttcacagcagatttaaaactattctttacactggatctgtgattttgtcactcgtagcaaggtgctttccccttttggtcctagtggctctcaaatagaaagcaaacacatcttagggtaatctacttatctatagccaatcacagcactgacccacaactacacaaatccgttagctcttctccataaaacacctaattttgtgatcttttaagtaatctgaaatgtaaaagtatgacttccgtaacccatctcatggaaagatcgactaaggagagccatacccagctgtgaggacaatttagtcactaatctcaccgtactgcaacttcctcctttagagcaggcattccttaccatttttgtaagatgacatgatttagcatctagaacccctatctgcagtttctttctatggcttacctacatttcaagaatattgaacggaaaatttcagaaagatttccaagttttaaattgtgtactagcattagtgcatgatgaaatctcattttctttgctccatcctgcacaggatgtgaaacatccctctgtccagcaagtccaagctacctatattactcacttgatagtcaccatggttatccagctgttattacttgctcatacccaggtaacccttttttattttaatatagctccaaagtataagactagtgatgaaaaggaggtaagtcatcaaatatggaaggacagattaactctggcactaagtgggaatgctgcaggttttacaggaaaacaaaattcagtcagtggtttaaagcatcctctgaggtacctggggcacaatctccacagataaggggaaagagcactgacaaagactaaacatcctaaaaagacgcaatgttctacttactggccatcagaataatggccaaaggaccctatacttgcttgctctctagccaagtttcgctgcacataggtgtagaatgcagcgactgaccctggatgcgattcagaatgctgatctgagtgaactagttttttatacagcactttttaaagcctagaattcttccatctgaacttgggagttttgacttttttgaaattaattgtgcttaagatttattcagtgattctaaacactggaggtagaaaactgtatacccattatgcctattaatttttcttgattagccaacatttaaataaccacaaagtggccagtcgttgtctttccctttcaggaatttaagtcaaaggatgctgctgcctgcgatgctggcacttcataggggtgacagtttgtgtccctgcggttccacttcctatccagctccctgctaatggcttgggagagccctgcacccacatgggagacccaaaagcagatcctgctgctttcagcctgctgcggccacttggagtatgaaccagtggatggaagatcaatgtctctcccaacaattctttgaataaattttttcaaaagtcaaaataaaattctccagctcaaaaagctttagtagaaaacgatcctacattaaggcggttgtgattgtatcccaagtgcatctacgttacaaaccaaattgagtatgcaattcagtatgctactagactataaggagaaaacagccaattcaaacaaaataccaaagtcacgtgcagttaatttgctttctggttggccaaatgttttttttctcttcttgccaccactgttttacatgtactttagaagaaattttgactttttgcttcctttgagaaatcactattatcaaaggcaattcataattacaagtggtccattgtcttaagagctcaagattatagcccttcaaacttgccaaactcctcaaatagtgaagctcctaacgaagggtttacaacatcctgttccttaggggttatatttttaagtgactgtaatttacctaacaaatttaatctggctatctattggtaatacatgtaatattcaggtttatcataaacccacttaaaaactaaaggttaagtggaagttgctgcttttcaaagtaacaggcttctcaggggaaaatatcaccttagcgtccacctggtactacatctcgtgtattcactgtaacccatctttccgaacatgtctgatatatatggaaacaacactagtgcttagcctctggaaatgaggccaggattttgtgattaaatgtctaatttattccaaataaactgatttacgccaata

The amino acid sequence of beta klotho from dog, scientific name Canislupus familiaris, is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 412) MKPGCAAGSPGNEWIFLSTDESNTHYRKTMCNHGLQRSVILSAFILLGAVPGFSGDGRAIWSKNPHFSPVNESQLFLYDTFPKNFFWGVGTGAFQVEGNWKTDGKGPSIWDHFIHTHLKNVNSMNSSSDSYIFLEKDLSALDFIGVSFYQFSISWPRLFPDGIAAVANAKGLQYYNSLLDALVLRNIEPIVTLYHWDLPLALQEKYGGWKNETITDIFNDYATYCFQTFGDRVKYWITIHNPYLVAWHGYGTGMHAPGEKGNLAAVYTVGHNLIKAHSKVWHNYNTNFRPYQKGLLSITLGSHWIEPNRSENMMDILKCQQSMVSVLGWFANPIHGNGDYPEVMKKKLLSTLPLFSEAEKNEVRGTADFFAFSFGPNNFKPQNTMAKMGQNVSLNLREVLNWIKLEYGNPRILIAENGWFTDSHVKTEDTTAIYMMKNFLNQVLQAIRFDEIQVFGYTAWSLLDGFEWQDAYSTRRGLFYVDFNSKQKERKPKSSAYYYKQIIQENGFTFKESTPDVQGQFPCDFSWGVTESVLKPKWASSPQFSDPHLYVWNVTGNRLLHRVEGVRLKTRPAQCTDFVSIKRQLEMLARMNVTHYRFALDWPSILPTGNLSTVNRQALRYYRCVVSESLKLSISPMVTLYYPTHAHLGLPSPLLHSGGWLNASTARAFQDYAGLCFQELGDLVKLWITINEPNRLSDVYSHTSSDTYRAAHNLLIAHALVWHLYDRRYRPAQRGAVSLSLHSDWAEPANPYADSHWKAAERFLQFEIAWFAEPLFKTGDYPPAMREYIASKNRQGLSRSTLPRFTDEERRLVKGAADFYALNHFTTRFVMHARQNGSRYDADRDVQFLQDITCLSSPSRLAVLPWGERKVLRWIQKNYGDVDVYITASGIDDQSLENDELRKYYLEKYIQEALKAHLIDKVKVKGYYAFKLTEEKSKPRFGFFTSEFKAKSSVQLYNKLISNSGFPSENRSPRCSETQRNTECMVCLFLVQKKPLIFFSCCFFSTLVLLSSITILHKRKRRKIWKAKNLQHIPLKKSKNSLQS

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of dog beta klotho is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 413) acaatcacaagcttttactgaagcgttgataagacaggcgagcagttagtggcaaatgaagccaggctgtgcggctggatctccagggaatgaatggattttcctcagcaccgatgaaagcaacacacactataggaaaacaatgtgcaaccacgggctacagagatctgtcatcctgtcagcatttattctcctaggagctgttcctggattctctggagacggaagagctatatggtctaaaaatcctcattttagtccggtaaatgaaagtcagctgtttctctatgacacttttcctaaaaactttttttggggcgttgggactggagcatttcaagtggaagggaattggaagacagatggaaaaggaccctctatatgggatcatttcatccacacacaccttaaaaatgtcaacagcatgaatagttccagtgacagttacatttttctggaaaaagacctatcagccctggattttatcggagtttctttttatcaattttcaatttcctggccaaggcttttccccgatggaatagcagcagttgccaacgcaaaaggtctccagtactacaattctcttctcgatgctctagtacttaggaacattgaacctatagttactttataccattgggatttgcctttggcactacaagaaaaatatggggggtggaaaaatgaaaccataacggatatcttcaatgactatgccacctactgtttccagacgttcggggatcgtgtcaaatactggattacaattcacaatccatatctagttgcttggcatgggtatgggacaggtatgcacgcgcctggagagaagggaaacttagcagctgtctacactgtgggacacaacctaatcaaggctcattcgaaagtttggcataactacaacacaaatttccgcccatatcagaagggtttgttatcaatcacgttgggatcccattggattgaaccaaacagatcagaaaacatgatggatatactcaaatgtcaacaatccatggtttcagtgctcgggtggtttgccaaccccatccatgggaatggagactatccagaagtgatgaaaaagaagttgctctccactctaccccttttctctgaagcagagaagaatgaagtgaggggcacagctgacttctttgccttttcctttggacccaacaatttcaagccccagaacaccatggctaaaatgggacaaaatgtgtcactcaatttaagagaagtgctgaattggattaaactggaatatggcaacccccgaatcttgattgctgagaatggctggttcacagacagtcatgtgaaaacagaagataccacagccatttacatgatgaagaatttcctcaaccaggttcttcaagcaataaggtttgacgaaatacaagtgtttggctacactgcttggtctctcctggatggctttgaatggcaggatgcttactccactcgccgaggattattttatgtggattttaatagtaaacaaaaagaaagaaagcccaagtcttcggcatattactataaacagatcatacaagaaaatggttttactttcaaagagtccaccccagatgtgcagggtcagtttccctgtgacttctcatggggtgtcaccgaatctgtccttaagcccaaagtcgtggcttcctccccacagttcagcgaccctcacctgtacgtgtggaatgtgacaggcaacagactgttgcaccgagtggaaggggtgaggctgaagacacggccggctcaatgcacagattttgtcagcatcaaaagacaacttgagatgttggcgaggatgaacgtcactcactacaggtttgctctggactggccctccatccttcccaccggcaacctgtccacggttaaccgacaagccctgaggtactacaggtgtgtggtcagcgagtcgctgaagctcagcatctccccgatggtcacgctgtactacccgacccacgcccacctgggcctcccctcgccgctgctgcacagcgggggctggctgaacgcgtccaccgcccgcgccttccaggactatgccgggctgtgcttccaggagctgggggacctggtgaagctctggatcaccatcaatgagcccaaccggctgagtgacgtctacagccacaccagcagcgacacctaccgggcagcgcacaacctgctgatcgcccacgccctggtgtggcacctgtacgaccggcggtaccggccggcgcagcgcggggccgtgtcgctgtccctgcactcggactgggcggagcccgccaacccctacgccgactcgcactggaaggcggccgagcgcttcctgcagttcgaaatcgcctggttcgccgagccgctcttcaagaccggggactacccgccggccatgagggagtacatcgcctccaagaacaggcaggggctctcgcgctccaccctgccccgcttcaccgacgaggagaggaggctggtcaagggcgccgccgacttctacgcgctgaaccacttcaccaccaggttcgtgatgcacgcgcgccagaacggcagccgctacgacgcggaccgcgacgtccagttcctgcaggacatcacctgcctgagctcccccagccgcctggccgtcctgccctggggggagcgcaaggtgctcaggtggatccagaagaactacggagacgtggacgtgtacatcacggccagtggcatcgatgaccagtctctggaaaatgatgagctcagaaaatactacttggagaaatacatccaggaggctctgaaagcacacctaattgataaagtcaaagtcaaaggctattatgcattcaaactgactgaagaaaaatctaaacccagatttggattcttcacgtctgaattcaaagctaaatcctcagttcagctttacaacaaactgatcagcaacagtggcttcccttctgagaacaggagtcctagatgcagtgagactcaaagaaacacagagtgcatggtctgcttatttcttgtgcaaaagaaaccactgatattctttagttgttgcttcttctctaccctggttctactttcatcgattaccattcttcataagcgaaagagaagaaaaatttggaaagcaaagaacttacaacatataccattaaagtgaggccacagaaagttcttagtgaaactgatcctatttctgtctgcatgatagaaagtctaaaaattcactccagtcccaaatactggtaacatagaagacaatttgaaacactagtagtaaccaaggtgatgacaatcaaggtctctgctgtgtggtccaaatgaattttccattaggtgttgacatcactgaatacagtttttagatctgaagactaagatctagagagtaagctaggattatctgatacaatgcttcattaagtttaataagctgttatccatcattcttctctggcttccttctagaaataccaatagctaattatagcaacttagaaaaaagtgcaacttttgctagactccatagcagaaatctaaaactcttaacactggatattcagtgattattctatcacttctaacaaggtgcttttcccctttagaagatatacaatagggtaaatagtgctcctttatcatccattccagcactttttttttccagcatagactcttaaacacattgatcctagtttttctcaatagaaataaaaaatcatttagaaaacatggaattttgtgaggtctctccttgcattagatctgagttttttttaaaaaaaagacttaacttccataacccatctcatgggaagatcacaggactaagattaaggagagttagacccatcaactgcctgaggagacagcactcaacctcacagtacagcaaattccttgggacaaactgacagcaatcttccgcacttggattgttgaggcagcacacaagatcttaacatacttaggaaagttaaatattctaaaaagatgtaaagttttatttttattatcaagtcttcaaaggaccatattattccataagacttgctctctcctgagttccactcttctgacactatgtgtatatggggacactcaaactgcaccttgacattgcaactttggatacaattcagaatgtaaatgtttgaaggacttaaaactttctccactgcaccttttgaagctgggattaagtaaatacgaactgggagtttgacttttttgaactctgtgcttgatttattcactgtattctaaattttaaggaaaacctgaatgtaaacccattcataccctttctttgggttagtaaacatttaaccacccatttc a.

The amino acid sequence of human/mouse beta klotho chimeric protein(human KLB (M1-F508)-mouse KLB (P507-S1043)) is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 374) MKPGCAAGSPGNEWIFFSTDEITTRYRNTMSNGGLQRSVILSALILLRAVTGFSGDGRAIWSKNPNFTPVNESQLFLYDTFPKNFFWGIGTGALQVEGSWKKDGKGPSIWDHFIHTHLKNVSSTNGSSDSYIFLEKDLSALDFIGVSFYQFSISWPRLFPDGIVTVANAKGLQYYSTLLDALVLRNIEPIVTLYHWDLPLALQEKYGGWKNDTIIDIFNDYATYCFQMFGDRVKYWITIHNPYLVAWHGYGTGMHAPGEKGNLAAVYTVGHNLIKAHSKVWHNYNTHFRPHQKGWLSITLGSHWIEPNRSENTMDIFKCQQSMVSVLGWFANPIHGDGDYPEGMRKKLFSVLPIFSEAEKHEMRGTADFFAFSFGPNNFKPLNTMAKMGQNVSLNLREALNWIKLEYNNPRILIAENGWFTDSRVKTEDTTAIYMMKNFLSQVLQAIRLDEIRVFGYTAWSLLDGFEWQDAYTIRRGLFYVDFNSKQKERKPKSSAHYYKQIIRENGFPLKESTPDMKGRFPCDFSWGVTESVLKPEFTVSSPQFTDPHLYVWNVTGNRLLYRVEGVRLKTRPSQCTDYVSIKKRVEMLAKMKVTHYQFALDWTSILPTGNLSKVNRQVLRYYRCVVSEGLKLGVFPMVTLYHPTHSHLGLPLPLLSSGGWLNMNTAKAFQDYAELCFRELGDLVKLWITINEPNRLSDMYNRTSNDTYRAAHNLMIAHAQVWHLYDRQYRPVQHGAVSLSLHCDWAEPANPFVDSHWKAAERFLQFEIAWFADPLFKTGDYPSVMKEYIASKNQRGLSSSVLPRFTAKESRLVKGTVDFYALNHFTTRFVIHKQLNTNRSVADRDVQFLQDITRLSSPSRLAVTPWGVRKLLAWIRRNYRDRDIYITANGIDDLALEDDQIRKYYLEKYVQEALKAYLIDKVKIKGYYAFKLTEEKSKPRFGFFTSDFRAKSSVQFYSKLISSSGLPAENRSPACGQPAEDTDCTICSFLVEKKPLIFFGCCFISTLAVLLSITVFHHQKRRKFQKARNLQNIPLKKGHSRVFS.

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of human/mouse beta klotho chimericprotein is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 375) ATGAAGCCAGGCTGTGCGGCAGGATCTCCAGGGAATGAATGGATTTTCTTCAGCACTGATGAAATAACCACACGCTATAGGAATACAATGTCCAACGGGGGATTGCAAAGATCTGTCATCCTGTCAGCACTTATTCTGCTACGAGCTGTTACTGGATTCTCTGGAGATGGAAGAGCTATATGGTCTAAAAATCCTAATTTTACTCCGGTAAATGAAAGTCAGCTGTTTCTCTATGACACTTTCCCTAAAAACTTTTTCTGGGGTATTGGGACTGGAGCATTGCAAGTGGAAGGGAGTTGGAAGAAGGATGGAAAAGGACCTTCTATATGGGATCATTTCATCCACACACACCTTAAAAATGTCAGCAGCACGAATGGTTCCAGTGACAGTTATATTTTTCTGGAAAAAGACTTATCAGCCCTGGATTTTATAGGAGTTTCTTTTTATCAATTTTCAATTTCCTGGCCAAGGCTTTTCCCCGATGGAATAGTAACAGTTGCCAACGCAAAAGGTCTGCAGTACTACAGTACTCTTCTGGACGCTCTAGTGCTTAGAAACATTGAACCTATAGTTACTTTATACCACTGGGATTTGCCTTTGGCACTACAAGAAAAATATGGGGGGTGGAAAAATGATACCATAATAGATATCTTCAATGACTATGCCACATACTGTTTCCAGATGTTTGGGGACCGTGTCAAATATTGGATTACAATTCACAACCCATATCTAGTGGCTTGGCATGGGTATGGGACAGGTATGCATGCCCCTGGAGAGAAGGGAAATTTAGCAGCTGTCTACACTGTGGGACACAACTTGATCAAGGCTCACTCGAAAGTTTGGCATAACTACAACACACATTTCCGCCCACATCAGAAGGGTTGGTTATCGATCACGTTGGGATCTCATTGGATCGAGCCAAACCGGTCGGAAAACACGATGGATATATTCAAATGTCAACAATCCATGGTTTCTGTGCTTGGATGGTTTGCCAACCCTATCCATGGGGATGGCGACTATCCAGAGGGGATGAGAAAGAAGTTGTTCTCCGTTCTACCCATTTTCTCTGAAGCAGAGAAGCATGAGATGAGAGGCACAGCTGATTTCTTTGCCTTTTCTTTTGGACCCAACAACTTCAAGCCCCTAAACACCATGGCTAAAATGGGACAAAATGTTTCACTTAATTTAAGAGAAGCGCTGAACTGGATTAAACTGGAATACAACAACCCTCGAATCTTGATTGCTGAGAATGGCTGGTTCACAGACAGTCGTGTGAAAACAGAAGACACCACGGCCATCTACATGATGAAGAATTTCCTCAGCCAGGTGCTTCAAGCAATAAGGTTAGATGAAATACGAGTGTTTGGTTATACTGCCTGGTCTCTCCTGGATGGCTTTGAATGGCAGGATGCTTACACCATCCGCCGAGGATTATTTTATGTGGATTTTAACAGTAAACAGAAAGAGCGGAAACCTAAGTCTTCAGCACACTACTACAAACAGATCATACGAGAAAATGGTTTTCCTTTGAAAGAGTCCACGCCAGACATGAAGGGTCGGTTCCCCTGTGATTTCTCTTGGGGAGTCACTGAGTCTGTTCTTAAGCCCGAGTTTACGGTCTCCTCCCCGCAGTTTACCGATCCTCACCTGTATGTGTGGAATGTCACTGGCAACAGATTGCTCTACCGAGTGGAAGGGGTAAGGCTGAAAACAAGACCATCCCAGTGCACAGATTATGTGAGCATCAAAAAACGAGTTGAAATGTTGGCAAAAATGAAAGTCACCCACTACCAGTTTGCTCTGGACTGGACCTCTATCCTTCCCACTGGCAATCTGTCCAAAGTTAACAGACAAGTGTTAAGGTACTATAGGTGTGTGGTGAGCGAAGGACTGAAGCTGGGCGTCTTCCCCATGGTGACGTTGTACCACCCAACCCACTCCCATCTCGGCCTCCCCCTGCCACTTCTGAGCAGTGGGGGGTGGCTAAACATGAACACAGCCAAGGCCTTCCAGGACTACGCTGAGCTGTGCTTCCGGGAGTTGGGGGACTTGGTGAAGCTCTGGATCACCATCAATGAGCCTAACAGGCTGAGTGACATGTACAACCGCACGAGTAATGACACCTACCGTGCAGCCCACAACCTGATGATCGCCCATGCCCAGGTCTGGCACCTCTATGATAGGCAGTATAGGCCGGTCCAGCATGGGGCTGTGTCGCTGTCCTTACATTGCGACTGGGCAGAACCTGCCAACCCCTTTGTGGATTCACACTGGAAGGCAGCCGAGCGCTTCCTCCAGTTTGAGATCGCCTGGTTTGCAGATCCGCTCTTCAAGACTGGCGACTATCCATCGGTTATGAAGGAATACATCGCCTCCAAGAACCAGCGAGGGCTGTCTAGCTCAGTCCTGCCGCGCTTCACCGCGAAGGAGAGCAGGCTGGTGAAGGGTACCGTCGACTTCTACGCACTGAACCACTTCACTACGAGGTTCGTGATACACAAGCAGCTGAACACCAACCGCTCAGTTGCAGACAGGGACGTCCAGTTCCTGCAGGACATCACCCGCCTAAGCTCGCCCAGCCGCCTGGCTGTAACACCCTGGGGAGTGCGCAAGCTCCTTGCGTGGATCCGGAGGAACTACAGAGACAGGGATATCTACATCACAGCCAATGGCATCGATGACCTGGCTCTAGAGGATGATCAGATCCGAAAGTACTACTTGGAGAAGTATGTCCAGGAGGCTCTGAAAGCATATCTCATTGACAAGGTCAAAATCAAAGGCTACTATGCATTCAAACTGACTGAAGAGAAATCTAAGCCTAGATTTGGATTTTTCACCTCTGACTTCAGAGCTAAGTCCTCTGTCCAGTTTTACAGCAAGCTGATCAGCAGCAGTGGCCTCCCCGCTGAGAACAGAAGTCCTGCGTGTGGTCAGCCTGCGGAAGACACAGACTGCACCATTTGCTCATTTCTCGTGGAGAAGAAACCACTCATCTTCTTCGGTTGCTGCTTCATCTCCACTCTGGCTGTACTGCTATCCATCACCGTTTTTCATCATCAAAAGAGAAGAAAATTCCAGAAAGCAAGGAACTTACAAAATATACCATTGAAGAAAGGCCACAGCAGAGTTTTCAGCTGA

The amino acid sequence of mouse/human beta klotho chimeric protein(mouse KLB (M1-F506)-human KLB(S509-S1044)) is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 376) MKTGCAAGSPGNEWIFFSSDERNTRSRKTMSNRALQRSAVLSAFVLLRAVTGFSGDGKAIWDKKQYVSPVNPSQLFLYDTFPKNFSWGVGTGAFQVEGSWKTDGRGPSIWDRYVYSHLRGVNGTDRSTDSYIFLEKDLLALDFLGVSFYQFSISWPRLFPNGTVAAVNAQGLRYYRALLDSLVLRNIEPIVTLYHWDLPLTLQEEYGGWKNATMIDLFNDYATYCFQTFGDRVKYWITIHNPYLVAWHGFGTGMHAPGEKGNLTAVYTVGHNLIKAHSKVWHNYDKNFRPHQKGWLSITLGSHWIEPNRTDNMEDVINCQHSMSSVLGWFANPIHGDGDYPEFMKTGAMIPEFSEAEKEEVRGTADFFAFSFGPNNFRPSNTVVKMGQNVSLNLRQVLNWIKLEYDDPQILISENGWFTDSYIKTEDTTAIYMMKNFLNQVLQAIKFDEIRVFGYTAWTLLDGFEWQDAYTTRRGLFYVDFNSEQKERKPKSSAHYYKQIIQDNGFSLKESTPDVQGQFPCDFSWGVTESVLKPESVASSPQFSDPHLYVWNATGNRLLHRVEGVRLKTRPAQCTDFVNIKKQLEMLARMKVTHYRFALDWASVLPTGNLSAVNRQALRYYRCVVSEGLKLGISAMVTLYYPTHAHLGLPEPLLHADGWLNPSTAEAFQAYAGLCFQELGDLVKLWITINEPNRLSDIYNRSGNDTYGAAHNLLVAHALAWRLYDRQFRPSQRGAVSLSLHADWAEPANPYADSHWRAAERFLQFEIAWFAEPLFKTGDYPAAMREYIASKHRRGLSSSALPRLTEAERRLLKGTVDFCALNHFTTRFVMHEQLAGSRYDSDRDIQFLQDITRLSSPTRLAVIPWGVRKLLRWVRRNYGDMDIYITASGIDDQALEDDRLRKYYLGKYLQEVLKAYLIDKVRIKGYYAFKLAEEKSKPRFGFFTSDFKAKSSIQFYNKVISSRGFPFENSSSRCSQTQENTECTVCLFLVQKKPLIFLGCCFFSTLVLLLSIAIFQRQKRRKFWKAKNLQHIPLKKGKRVVS

An encoding nucleic acid sequence of mouse/human beta klotho chimericprotein is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 377) ATGAAGACAGGCTGTGCAGCAGGGTCTCCGGGGAATGAATGGATTTTCTTCAGCTCTGATGAAAGAAACACACGCTCTAGGAAAACAATGTCCAACAGGGCACTGCAAAGATCTGCCGTGCTGTCTGCGTTTGTTCTGCTGCGAGCTGTTACCGGCTTCTCCGGAGACGGGAAAGCAATATGGGATAAAAAACAGTACGTGAGTCCGGTAAACCCAAGTCAGCTGTTCCTCTATGACACTTTCCCTAAAAACTTTTCCTGGGGCGTTGGGACCGGAGCATTTCAAGTGGAAGGGAGTTGGAAGACAGATGGAAGAGGACCCTCGATCTGGGATCGGTACGTCTACTCACACCTGAGAGGTGTCAACGGCACAGACAGATCCACTGACAGTTACATCTTTCTGGAAAAAGACTTGTTGGCTCTGGATTTTTTAGGAGTTTCTTTTTATCAGTTCTCAATCTCCTGGCCACGGTTGTTTCCCAATGGAACAGTAGCAGCAGTGAATGCGCAAGGTCTCCGGTACTACCGTGCACTTCTGGACTCGCTGGTACTTAGGAATATCGAGCCCATTGTTACCTTGTACCATTGGGATTTGCCTCTGACGCTCCAGGAAGAATATGGGGGCTGGAAAAATGCAACTATGATAGATCTCTTCAACGACTATGCCACATACTGCTTCCAGACCTTTGGAGACCGTGTCAAATATTGGATTACAATTCACAACCCTTACCTTGTTGCTTGGCATGGGTTTGGCACAGGTATGCATGCACCAGGAGAGAAGGGAAATTTAACAGCTGTCTACACTGTGGGACACAACCTGATCAAGGCACATTCGAAAGTGTGGCATAACTACGACAAAAACTTCCGCCCTCATCAGAAGGGTTGGCTCTCCATCACCTTGGGGTCCCATTGGATAGAGCCAAACAGAACAGACAACATGGAGGACGTGATCAACTGCCAGCACTCCATGTCCTCTGTGCTTGGATGGTTCGCCAACCCCATCCACGGGGACGGCGACTACCCTGAGTTCATGAAGACGGGCGCCATGATCCCCGAGTTCTCTGAGGCAGAGAAGGAGGAGGTGAGGGGCACGGCTGATTTCTTTGCCTTTTCCTTCGGGCCCAACAACTTCAGGCCCTCAAACACCGTGGTGAAAATGGGACAAAATGTATCACTCAACTTAAGGCAGGTGCTGAACTGGATTAAACTGGAATACGATGACCCTCAAATCTTGATTTCGGAGAACGGCTGGTTCACAGATAGCTATATAAAGACAGAGGACACCACGGCCATCTACATGATGAAGAATTTCCTAAACCAGGTTCTTCAAGCAATAAAATTTGATGAAATCCGCGTGTTTGGTTATACGGCCTGGACTCTCCTGGATGGCTTTGAGTGGCAGGATGCCTATACGACCCGACGAGGGCTGTTTTATGTGGACTTTAACAGTGAGCAGAAAGAGAGGAAACCCAAGTCCTCGGCTCATTACTACAAGCAGATCATACAAGACAACGGCTTCTCTTTAAAAGAGTCCACGCCAGATGTGCAGGGCCAGTTTCCCTGTGACTTCTCCTGGGGTGTCACTGAATCTGTTCTTAAGCCCGAGTCTGTGGCTTCGTCCCCACAGTTCAGCGATCCTCATCTGTACGTGTGGAACGCCACTGGCAACAGACTGTTGCACCGAGTGGAAGGGGTGAGGCTGAAAACACGACCCGCTCAATGCACAGATTTTGTAAACATCAAAAAACAACTTGAGATGTTGGCAAGAATGAAAGTCACCCACTACCGGTTTGCTCTGGATTGGGCCTCGGTCCTTCCCACTGGCAACCTGTCCGCGGTGAACCGACAGGCCCTGAGGTACTACAGGTGCGTGGTCAGTGAGGGGCTGAAGCTTGGCATCTCCGCGATGGTCACCCTGTATTATCCGACCCACGCCCACCTAGGCCTCCCCGAGCCTCTGTTGCATGCCGACGGGTGGCTGAACCCATCGACGGCCGAGGCCTTCCAGGCCTACGCTGGGCTGTGCTTCCAGGAGCTGGGGGACCTGGTGAAGCTCTGGATCACCATCAACGAGCCTAACCGGCTAAGTGACATCTACAACCGCTCTGGCAACGACACCTACGGGGCGGCGCACAACCTGCTGGTGGCCCACGCCCTGGCCTGGCGCCTCTACGACCGGCAGTTCAGGCCCTCACAGCGCGGGGCCGTGTCGCTGTCGCTGCACGCGGACTGGGCGGAACCCGCCAACCCCTATGCTGACTCGCACTGGAGGGCGGCCGAGCGCTTCCTGCAGTTCGAGATCGCCTGGTTCGCCGAGCCGCTCTTCAAGACCGGGGACTACCCCGCGGCCATGAGGGAATACATTGCCTCCAAGCACCGACGGGGGCTTTCCAGCTCGGCCCTGCCGCGCCTCACCGAGGCCGAAAGGAGGCTGCTCAAGGGCACGGTCGACTTCTGCGCGCTCAACCACTTCACCACTAGGTTCGTGATGCACGAGCAGCTGGCCGGCAGCCGCTACGACTCGGACAGGGACATCCAGTTTCTGCAGGACATCACCCGCCTGAGCTCCCCCACGCGCCTGGCTGTGATTCCCTGGGGGGTGCGCAAGCTGCTGCGGTGGGTCCGGAGGAACTACGGCGACATGGACATTTACATCACCGCCAGTGGCATCGACGACCAGGCTCTGGAGGATGACCGGCTCCGGAAGTACTACCTAGGGAAGTACCTTCAGGAGGTGCTGAAAGCATACCTGATTGATAAAGTCAGAATCAAAGGCTATTATGCATTCAAACTGGCTGAAGAGAAATCTAAACCCAGATTTGGATTCTTCACATCTGATTTTAAAGCTAAATCCTCAATACAATTTTACAACAAAGTGATCAGCAGCAGGGGCTTCCCTTTTGAGAACAGTAGTTCTAGATGCAGTCAGACCCAAGAAAATACAGAGTGCACTGTCTGCTTATTCCTTGTGCAGAAGAAACCACTGATATTCCTGGGTTGTTGCTTCTTCTCCACCCTGGTTCTACTCTTATCAATTGCCATTTTTCAAAGGCAGAAGAGAAGAAAGTTTTGGAAAGCAAAAAACTTACAACACATACCATTAAAGAAAGGCAAGAGAGTTGTTAGCTAG

Related beta klotho polypeptides include allelic variants (e.g., SNPvariants); splice variants; fragments; derivatives; substitution,deletion, and insertion variants; fusion polypeptides; and interspecieshomologs, preferably, which retain beta klotho activity and/or aresufficient to generate an anti-beta klotho immune response. As thoseskilled in the art will appreciate, an anti-beta klotho antibodyprovided herein can bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klothopolypeptide fragment, a beta klotho antigen, and/or a beta klothoepitope. An epitope may be part of a larger beta klotho antigen, whichmay be part of a larger beta klotho polypeptide fragment, which, inturn, may be part of a larger beta klotho polypeptide. Beta klotho mayexist in a native or denatured form. Beta klotho polypeptides describedherein may be isolated from a variety of sources, such as from humantissue types or from another source, or prepared by recombinant orsynthetic methods. A beta klotho polypeptide may comprise a polypeptidehaving the same amino acid sequence as a corresponding beta klothopolypeptide derived from nature. Beta klotho polypeptides encompasstruncated or secreted forms of a beta klotho polypeptide (e.g., anextracellular domain sequence), variant forms (e.g., alternativelyspliced forms) and allelic variants of the polypeptide. Orthologs to thebeta klotho polypeptide are also well known in the art.

The term “beta klotho” encompasses “full-length,” unprocessed betaklotho as well as any form of beta klotho that results from processingin the cell. The term also encompasses naturally occurring variants ormutations of beta klotho (e.g., splice variants, allelic variants, SNPvariants and isoforms). The beta klotho polypeptides described hereinmay be isolated from a variety of sources, such as from human tissuetypes or from another source, or prepared by recombinant or syntheticmethods.

The terms “FGF19-like signaling” and “induces FGF19-like signaling,”when applied to a binding protein such an antibody that binds to betaklotho of the present disclosure, means that the binding protein (e.g.,antibody) mimics, or modulates, an in vivo biological effect induced bythe binding of (i) beta klotho; (ii) FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4;or (iii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of FGFR1c, FGFR2c,FGFR3c, and FGFR4 and induces a biological response that otherwise wouldresult from FGF19 binding to (i) beta klotho; (ii) FGFR1c, FGFR2c,FGFR3c or FGFR4; or (iii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one ofFGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4 in vivo. In assessing the binding andspecificity of anti-beta klotho antibody, for example, an antibody orfragment thereof, that binds to beta klotho (e.g., human beta klotho),an antibody or fragment thereof is deemed to induce a biologicalresponse when the response is equal to or greater than 5%, andpreferably equal to or greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%,45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95%, of the activityof a wild type FGF19 standard comprising the mature form of SEQ IDNO:304 (e.g., the mature form of human FGF19) and has the followingproperties: exhibiting an efficacy level of equal to or more than 5% ofan FGF19 standard, with an EC50 of equal to or less than 100 nM, e.g.,90 nM, 80 nM, 70 nM, 60 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM or 10 nM in (1) arecombinant FGF19 receptor mediated luciferase-reporter cell assay (see,e.g., Example 4); (2) ERK-phosphorylation in a recombinant FGF19receptor mediated cell assay (see, e.g., Example 4); or (3)ERK-phosphorylation in human adipocytes (see, e.g., Example 5).

The term “FGF19R” may refer to a multimeric receptor complex that FGF19is known or suspected to form in vivo. In various embodiments, FGF19Rcomprises (i) an FGFR, e.g., FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c or FGFR4, and (ii)beta klotho.

The terms “FGF21-like signaling” and “induces FGF21-like signaling,”when applied to a binding protein such an antibody that binds to betaklotho of the present disclosure, means that the binding protein (e.g.,antibody) mimics, or modulates, an in vivo biological effect induced bythe binding of (i) beta klotho, (ii) FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4;or (iii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of FGFR1c, FGFR2c,FGFR3c, and FGFR4 and induces a biological response that otherwise wouldresult from FGF21 binding to (i) beta klotho; (ii) FGFR1c, FGFR2c,FGFR3c or FGFR4; or (iii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one ofFGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4 in vivo. In assessing the binding andspecificity of anti-beta klotho antibody, for example, an antibody orfragment thereof that binds to beta klotho (e.g., human beta klotho), anantibody or fragment thereof is deemed to induce a biological responsewhen the response is equal to or greater than 5%, and preferably equalto or greater than 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%,60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90% or 95%, of the activity of a wild typeFGF21 standard comprising the mature form of SEQ ID NO:306 or 429 (e.g.,the mature form of the human FGF21 sequence) and has the followingproperties: exhibiting an efficacy level of equal to or more than 5% ofan FGF21 standard, with an EC50 of equal to or less than 100 nM, e.g.,90 nM, 80 nM, 70 nM, 60 nM, 50 nM, 40 nM, 30 nM, 20 nM or 10 nM in (1) arecombinant FGF21 receptor mediated luciferase-reporter cell assay (see,e.g., Example 4); (2) ERK-phosphorylation in the recombinant FGF21receptor mediated cell assay (see, e.g., Example 4); or (3)ERK-phosphorylation in human adipocytes (see, e.g., Example 5).

The term “FGF21R” may refer to a multimeric receptor complex that FGF21is known or suspected to form in vivo. In various embodiments, FGF21Rcomprises (i) an FGFR, e.g., FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c or FGFR4, and (ii)beta klotho.

The term “binding protein” refers to a protein comprising a portion(e.g., one or more binding regions such as CDRs) that binds to betaklotho, including human and/or cyno beta klotho and, optionally, ascaffold or framework portion (e.g., one or more scaffold or frameworkregions) that allows the binding portion to adopt a conformation thatpromotes binding of the binding protein to a beta klotho polypeptide,fragment or epitope. Examples of such binding proteins includeantibodies, such as a human antibody, a humanized antibody; a chimericantibody; a recombinant antibody; a single chain antibody; a diabody; atriabody; a tetrabody; a Fab fragment; a F(ab′) 2 fragment; an IgDantibody; an IgE antibody; an IgM antibody; an IgG1 antibody; an IgG2antibody; an IgG3 antibody; or an IgG4 antibody, and fragments thereof.The binding protein can comprise, for example, an alternative proteinscaffold or artificial scaffold with grafted CDRs or CDR derivatives.Such scaffolds include, but are not limited to, antibody-derivedscaffolds comprising mutations introduced to, for example, stabilize thethree-dimensional structure of the binding protein as well as whollysynthetic scaffolds comprising, for example, a biocompatible polymer.See, e.g., Korndorfer et al., 2003, Proteins: Structure, Function, andBioinformatics, 53(1):121-129 (2003); Roque et al., Biotechnol. Prog.20:639-654 (2004). In addition, peptide antibody mimetics (“PAMs”) canbe used, as well as scaffolds based on antibody mimetics utilizingfibronectin components as a scaffold. In the context of the presentdisclosure, a binding protein is said to specifically bind orselectively bind to beta klotho, for example, when the dissociationconstant (K_(D)) is ≤10⁻⁸ M. The binding protein (e.g., antibody) mayspecifically bind beta klotho with high affinity when the K_(D) is ≤10⁻⁹M or K_(D) is ≤10⁻¹⁰ M. In some embodiments, the binding proteins (e.g.,antibodies) may bind to beta klotho or a complex comprising FGFR1c andbeta klotho, including with a K_(D) of between about 10⁻⁷ M and about10⁻¹² M and in other embodiments, the binding proteins (e.g.,antibodies) may bind with a K_(D) of 1-2×10⁻⁹ M.

The term “antibody” and “immunoglobulin” or “Ig” are usedinterchangeably herein, and is used in the broadest sense andspecifically covers, for example, individual anti-beta klotho monoclonalantibodies (including agonist, antagonist, neutralizing antibodies, fulllength or intact monoclonal antibodies), anti-beta klotho antibodycompositions with polyepitopic or monoepitopic specificity, polyclonalor monovalent antibodies, multivalent antibodies, multispecificantibodies (e.g., bispecific antibodies so long as they exhibit thedesired biological activity), formed from at least two intactantibodies, single chain anti-beta klotho antibodies, and fragments ofanti-beta klotho antibodies, as described below. An antibody can behuman, humanized, chimeric and/or affinity matured as well as anantibody from other species, for example mouse, rabbit etc. The term“antibody” is intended to include a polypeptide product of B cellswithin the immunoglobulin class of polypeptides that is able to bind toa specific molecular antigen and is composed of two identical pairs ofpolypeptide chains, wherein each pair has one heavy chain (about 50-70kDa) and one light chain (about 25 kDa) and each amino-terminal portionof each chain includes a variable region of about 100 to about 130 ormore amino acids and each carboxy-terminal portion of each chainincludes a constant region (See, Borrebaeck (ed.) (1995) AntibodyEngineering, Second Ed., Oxford University Press.; Kuby (1997)Immunology, Third Ed., W.H. Freeman and Company, New York). In specificembodiments, the specific molecular antigen can be bound by an antibodyprovided herein includes a beta klotho polypeptide, beta klotho fragmentor beta klotho epitope. Antibodies also include, but are not limited to,synthetic antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, recombinantly producedantibodies, multispecific antibodies (including bi-specific antibodies),human antibodies, humanized antibodies, camelized antibodies, chimericantibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies, andfunctional fragments (e.g., antigens-binding fragments such as betaklotho binding fragments) of any of the above, which refers a portion ofan antibody heavy or light chain polypeptide that retains some or all ofthe binding activity of the antibody from which the fragment wasderived. Non-limiting examples of functional fragments (e.g.,antigens-binding fragments such as beta klotho binding fragments)include single-chain Fvs (scFv) (e.g., including monospecific,bispecific, etc.), Fab fragments, F(ab′) fragments, F(ab)2 fragments,F(ab′)2 fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fvfragments, diabody, triabody, tetrabody and minibody. In particular,antibodies provided herein include immunoglobulin molecules andimmunologically active portions of immunoglobulin molecules, forexample, antigen binding domains or molecules that contain anantigen-binding site that binds to a beta klotho antigen (e.g., one ormore complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of an anti-beta klothoantibody). Such antibody fragments can be found described in, forexample, Harlow and Lane, Antibodies: A Laboratory Manual, Cold SpringHarbor Laboratory, New York (1989); Myers (ed.), Molec. Biology andBiotechnology: A Comprehensive Desk Reference, New York: VCH Publisher,Inc.; Huston et al., Cell Biophysics, 22:189-224 (1993); Plückthun andSkerra, Meth. Enzymol., 178:497-515 (1989) and in Day, E. D., AdvancedImmunochemistry, Second Ed., Wiley-Liss, Inc., New York, N.Y. (1990).The antibodies provided herein can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM,IgD, IgA and IgY), any class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 andIgA2), or any subclass (e.g., IgG2a and IgG2b) of immunoglobulinmolecule. Anti-beta klotho antibodies may be agonistic antibodies orantagonistic antibodies. Provided herein are agonistic antibodies tobeta klotho, including antibodies that induce FGF19-like signalingand/or FGF21-like signaling. Preferred agonistic antibodies to betaklotho do not compete for the binding of FGF19 and/or FGF21 to an FGFreceptor including, for example, FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, or FGFR4c.

The term “fibroblast growth factors” refers to a family of growthfactors, including twenty-two members of the human FGF family. The FGF19subfamily of fibroblast growth factors consists of human FGF21, FGF23and FGF19 and mouse FGF15. The effects of FGF family members are theresult of their heparin-dependent binding to one or more members of theFGF receptor tyrosine kinase (FGFR) family, which includes four memberseach having a tyrosine kinase domain, FGFR1, FGFR2, FGFR3 and FGFR4, aswell as two splice variants each of FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3. These splicevariants, which occur in exon 3 of FGFR1, FGFR2 and FGFR3, aredesignated as “b” and “c” variants (e.g., FGFR1b, FGFR2b, FGFR3c,FGFR1c, FGFR2c and FGFR3c, which are also known as FGFR1(III)b,FGFR2(III)b, FGFR3(III)c, FGFR1(III)c, FGFR2(III)c and FGFR3(III)c,respectively). For example, FGF19 targets and has effects on bothadipocytes and hepatocytes. Mice treated with recombinant human FGF19(rhFGF19), despite being on a high-fat diet, show increased metabolicrates, increased lipid oxidation, a lower respiratory quotient andweight loss. Moreover, such mice showed lower serum levels of leptin,insulin, cholesterol and triglycerides, and normal levels of bloodglucose despite the high-fat diet and without appetite diminishment. Inaddition, obese mice that lacked leptin but included a FGF19 transgeneshowed weight loss, lowered cholesterol and triglycerides, and did notdevelop diabetes. In addition, obese, diabetic mice that lack leptin,when injected with rhFGF19, showed reversal of their metaboliccharacteristics in the form of weight loss and lowered blood glucose.For example, FGF21 is expressed primarily by the liver and has metaboliceffects similar to that of FGF19, such as increased metabolism via itseffects on adipose tissue, weight loss, lowered blood glucose levels,and resistance to obesity and diabetes. FGF21-transgenic mice were alsoresistant to diet-induced obesity, and, in diabetic rodent models, FGF21administration lowered blood glucose and triglyceride levels. FGF19 andFGF21 metabolic effects occur via their binding FGF receptors, includingthe FGFR1c, FGFR2c and FGFR3c receptors, and required beta klotho forthe binding. for the binding. The binding of FGF19 and FGF21 to FGFR1cand FGFR2c are significant. FGF19 has also been shown to have metaboliceffects distinct from FGF21, including regulating bile production by theliver via its liver-specific effects, negatively regulating bileproduction in response to postprandial bile-production, and livermitogenic effects that are not observed with respect to FGF21. Forexample, FGF19 transgenic mice develop hepatic adenocarcinoma due toincreased proliferation and dysplasia of hepatocytes, andrhFGF19-treated mice exhibit hepatocyte proliferation of hepatocytes.These additional activities of FGF19 appear to be mediated via itsbinding to FGFR4. FGF19 can bind FGFR4 in both a beta klotho-dependentand beta klotho-independent manner. Although FGF21 has also been shownto bind FGFR4 in a beta klotho-dependent manner, efficient signaling hasnot previously been observed from the binding of FGF21 to FGFR4.

Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as disclosedherein can induce FGF19-like signaling, as described herein. In vivo,the mature form of FGF19 is the active form of the molecule. A nucleicacid sequence encoding full length FGF19 is provided below; thenucleotides encoding the signal sequence are underlined.

(SEQ ID NO: 303) atgcggagcgggtgtgtggtggtccacgtatggatcctggccggcctctggctggccgtggccgggcgccccctcgccttctcggacgcggggccccacgtgcactacggctggggcgaccccatccgcctgcggcacctgtacacctccggcccccacgggctctccagctgcttcctgcgcatccgtgccgacggcgtcgtggactgcgcgcggggccagagcgcgcacagtttgctggagatcaaggcagtcgctctgcggaccgtggccatcaagggcgtgcacagcgtgcggtacctctgcatgggcgccgacggcaagatgcaggggctgcttcagtactcggaggaagactgtgctttcgaggaggagatccgcccagatggctacaatgtgtaccgatccgagaagcaccgcctcccggtctccctgagcagtgccaaacagcggcagctgtacaagaacagaggctttcttccactctctcatttcctgcccatgctgcccatggtcccagaggagcctgaggacctcaggggccacttggaatctgacatgttctcttcgcccctggagaccgacagcatggacccatttgggcttgtcaccggactggaggccgtgaggagtcccagctttgagaagta a

The amino acid sequence of full length FGF19 is provided; the aminoacids that make up the signal sequence are underlined:

(SEQ ID NO: 304) mrsgcvvvhvwilaglwlavagRPLAFSDAGPHVHYGWGDPIRLRHLYTSGPHGLSSCFLRIRADGVVDCARGQSAHSLLEIKAVALRTVAIKGVHSVRYLCMGADGKMQGLLQYSEEDCAFEEEIRPDGYNVYRSEKHRLPVSLSSAKQRQLYKNRGFLPLSHFLPMLPMVPEEPEDLRGHLESDMFSSPLETDSMDPF GLVTGLEAVRSPSFEK

Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as describedherein can induce FGF21-like signaling, as described herein. In vivo,the mature form of FGF21 is the active form of the molecule. A nucleicacid sequence encoding a full length FGF21 is provided; the nucleotidesencoding the signal sequence are underlined:

(SEQ ID NO: 305) atg gac tcg gac gag acc ggg ttc gag cac tca ggactg tgg gtt tct gtg ctg gct ggt ctt ctg ctg ggagcc tgc cag gca cac ccc atc cct gac tcc agt cctctc ctg caa ttc ggg ggc caa gtc cgg cag cgg tacctc tac aca gat gat gcc cag cag aca gaa gcc cacctg gag atc agg gag gat ggg acg gtg ggg ggc gctgct gac cag agc ccc gaa agt ctc ctg cag ctg aaagcc ttg aag ccg gga gtt att caa atc ttg gga gtcaag aca tcc agg ttc ctg tgc cag cgg cca gat ggggcc ctg tat gga tcg ctc cac ttt gac cct gag gcctgc agc ttc cgg gag ctg ctt ctt gag gac gga tacaat gtt tac cag tcc gaa gcc cac ggc ctc ccg ctgcac ctg cca ggg aac aag tcc cca cac cgg gac cctgca ccc cga gga cca gct cgc ttc ctg cca cta ccaggc ctg ccc ccc gca ccc ccg gag cca ccc gga atcctg gcc ccc cag ccc ccc gat gtg ggc tcc tcg gaccct ctg agc atg gtg gga cct tcc cag ggc cga agc ccc agc tac gct tcc tga.

An amino acid sequence of a full length FGF21 is provided below; theamino acids that make up the signal sequence are underlined:

(SEQ ID NO: 306) m d s d e t g f e h s g l w v s y l a g l l l ga c g a H P I P D S S P L L Q F G G Q V R Q R YL Y T D D A Q Q T E A H L E I R E D G T V G G AA D Q S P E S L L Q L K A L K P G V I Q I L G VK T S R F L C Q R P D G A L Y G S L H F D P E AC S F R E L L L E D G Y N V Y Q S E A H G L P LH L P G N K S P H R D P A P R G P A R F L P L PG L P P A P P E P P G I L A P Q P P D V G S S DP L S M V G P S Q G R S P S Y A S.

A nucleic acid sequence also encoding a full length FGF21 is provided;the nucleotides encoding the signal sequence are underlined:

(SEQ ID NO: 428) atggactcggacgagaccgggttcgagcactcaggactgtgggtttctgtgctggctggtcttctgctgggagcctgccaggcaCACCCCATCCCTGACTCCAGTCCTCTCCTGCAATTCGGGGGCCAAGTCCGGCAGCGGTACCTCTACACAGATGATGCCCAGCAGACAGAAGCCCACCTGGAGATCAGGGAGGATGGGACGGTGGGGGGCGCTGCTGACCAGAGCCCCGAAAGTCTCCTGCAGCTGAAAGCCTTGAAGCCGGGAGTTATTCAAATCTTGGGAGTCAAGACATCCAGGTTCCTGTGCCAGCGGCCAGATGGGGCCCTGTATGGATCGCTCCACTTTGACCCTGAGGCCTGCAGCTTCCGGGAGCTGCTTCTTGAGGACGGATACAATGTTTACCAGTCCGAAGCCCACGGCCTCCCGCTGCACCTGCCAGGGAACAAGTCCCCACACCGGGACCCTGCACCCCGAGGACCAGCTCGCTTCCTGCCACTACCAGGCCTGCCCCCCGCACTCCCGGAGCCACCCGGAATCCTGGCCCCCCAGCCCCCCGATGTGGGCTCCTCGGACCCTCTGAGCATGGTGGGACCTTCCCAGGGCCGAAGCCCCAGCTACGCTTCCTGA.

An amino acid sequence also encoding a full length FGF21 is provided;the amino acids encoding the signal sequence are underlined:

(SEQ ID NO: 429) mdsdetgfehsglwvsvlaglllgacgaHPIPDSSPLLQFGGQVRQRYLYTDDAQQTEAHLEIREDGTVGGAADQSPESLLQLKALKPGVIQILGVKTSRFLCQRPDGALYGSLHFDPEACSFRELLLEDGYNVYQSEAHGLPLHLPGNKSPHRDPAPRGPARFLPLPGLPPALPEPPGILAPQPPDVGSSDPLSMVGPS QGRSPSYAS

Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as describedherein bind to beta klotho alone or in complex with an FGF receptor,such as FGFR1c. An encoding nucleic acid sequence of human FGFR1c(GenBank Accession Number NM 023110; also designated FGFRαIIIc) isprovided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 307) atgtggagctggaagtgcctcctcttctgggctgtgctggtcacagccacactctgcaccgctaggccgtccccgaccttgcctgaacaagcccagccctggggagcccctgtggaagtggagtccttcctggtccaccccggtgacctgctgcagcttcgctgtcggctgcgggacgatgtgcagagcatcaactggctgcgggacggggtgcagctggcggaaagcaaccgcacccgcat cacaggggaggaggtggaggtgcaggactccgtgcccgcagactccggcctctatgcttgcgtaaccagcagcccctcgggcagtgacaccacctacttctccgtcaatgtttcagatgctctcccctcctcggaggatgatgatgatgatgatgactcctcttcagaggagaaagaaacagataacaccaaaccaaaccgtatgcccgtagctccatattggacatcaccagaaaagatggaaaagaaattgcatgcagtgccggctgccaagacagtgaagttcaaatgcccttccagtgggacaccaaacccaacactgcgctggttgaaaaatggcaaagaattcaaacctgaccacagaattggaggctacaaggtccgttatgccacctggagcatcataatggactctgtggtgccctctgacaagggcaactacacctgcattgtggagaatgagtacggcagcatcaaccacacataccagctggatgtcgtggagcggtcccctcaccggcccatcctgcaagcagggttgcccgccaacaaaacagtggccctgggtagcaacgtggagttcatgtgtaaggtgtacagtgacccgcagccgcacatccagtggctaaagcacatcgaggtgaatgggagcaagattggcccagacaacctgccttatgtccagatcttgaagactgctggagttaataccaccgacaaagagatggaggtgcttcacttaagaaatgtctcctttgaggacgcaggggagtatacgtgcttggcgggtaactctatcggactctcccatcactctgcatggttgaccgttctggaagccctggaagagaggccggcagtgatgacctcgcccctgtacctggagatcatcatctattgcacaggggccttcctcatctcctgcatggtggggtcggtcatcgtctacaagatgaagagtggtaccaagaagagtgacttccacagccagatggctgtgcacaagctggccaagagcatccctctgcgcagacaggtaacagtgtctgctgactccagtgcatccatgaactctggggttcttctggttcggccatcacggctctcctccagtgggactcccatgctagcaggggtctctgagtatgagcttcccgaagaccctcgctgggagctgcctcgggacagactggtcttaggcaaacccctgggagagggctgctttgggcaggtggtgttggcagaggctatcgggctggacaaggacaaacccaaccgtgtgaccaaagtggctgtgaagatgttgaagtcggacgcaacagagaaagacttgtcagacctgatctcagaaatggagatgatgaagatgatcgggaagcataagaatatcatcaacctgctgggggcctgcacgcaggatggtcccttgtatgtcatcgtggagtatgcctccaagggcaacctgcgggagtacctgcaggcccggaggcccccagggctggaatactgctacaaccccagccacaacccagaggagcagctctcctccaaggacctggtgtcctgcgcctaccaggtggcccgaggcatggagtatctggcctccaagaagtgcatacaccgagacctggcagccaggaatgtcctggtgacagaggacaatgtgatgaagatagcagactttggcctcgcacgggacattcaccacatcgactactataaaaagacaaccaacggccgactgcctgtgaagtggatggcacccgaggcattatttgaccggatctacacccaccagagtgatgtgtggtctttcggggtgctcctgtgggagatcttcactctgggcggctccccataccccggtgtgcctgtggaggaacttttcaagctgctgaaggagggtcaccgcatggacaagcccagtaactgcaccaacgagctgtacatgatgatgcgggactgctggcatgcagtgccctcacagagacccaccttcaagcagctggtggaagacctggaccgcatcgtggccttgacctccaaccaggagtacctggacctgtccatgcccctggaccagtactcccccagctttcccgacacccggagctctacgtgctcctcaggggaggattccgtcttctctcatgagccgctgcccgaggagccctgcctgccccgacacccagcccagcttgccaatggcggactcaaacgccgctga.

The amino acid sequence of human FGFR1c (GenBank Accession Number NP075598) (also designated FGFRαIIIC) is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 308) MWSWKCLLFWAVLVTATLCTARPSPTLPEQAQPWGAPVEVESFLVHPGDLLQLRCRLRDDVQSINWLRDGVQLAESNRTRITGEEVEVQDSVPADSGLYACVTSSPSGSDTTYFSVNVSDALPSSEDDDDDDDSSSEEKETDNTKPNRMPVAPYWTSPEKMEKKLHAVPAAKTVKFKCPSSGTPNPTLRWLKNGKEFKPDHRIGGYKVRYATWSIIMDSVVPSDKGNYTCIVENEYGSINHTYQLDVVERSPHRPILQAGLPANKTVALGSNVEFMCKVYSDPQPHIQWLKHIEVNGSKIGPDNLPYVQILKTAGVNTTDKEMEVLHLRNVSFEDAGEYTCLAGNSIGLSHHSAWLTVLEALEERPAVMTSPLYLEIIIYCTGAFLISCMVGSVIVYKMKSGTKKSDFHSQMAVHKLAKSIPLRRQVTVSADSSASMNSGVLLVRPSRLSSSGTPMLAGVSEYELPEDPRWELPRDRLVLGKPLGEGCFGQVVLAEAIGLDKDKPNRVTKVAVKMLKSDATEKDLSDLISEMEMMKMIGKHKNIINLLGACTQDGPLYVIVEYASKGNLREYLQARRPPGLEYCYNPSHNPEEQLSSKDLVSCAYQVARGMEYLASKKCIHRDLAARNVLVTEDNVMKIADFGLARDIHHIDYYKKTTNGRLPVKWMAPEALFDRIYTHQSDVWSFGVLLWEIFTLGGSPYPGVPVEELFKLLKEGHRMDKPSNCTNELYMMMRDCWHAVPSQRPTFKQLVEDLDRIVALTSNQEYLDLSMPLDQYSPSFPDTRSSTCSSGEDSVFSHEPLPEEPCLPRHPAQLAN GGLKRR.

Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, described hereinmay bind to beta klotho in complex with the extracellular portion of anFGF receptor such as FGFR1c. An example of an extracellular region ofFGFR1c is:

(SEQ ID NO: 309) MWSWKCLLFWAVLVTATLCTARPSPTLPEQAQPWGAPVEVESFLVHPGDLLQLRCRLRDDVQSINWLRDGVQLAESNRTRITGEEVEVQDSVPADSGLYACVISSPSGSDITYFSVNVSDALPSSEDDDDDDDSSSEEKETDNTKPNRMPVAPYWTSPEKMEKKLHAVPAAKTVKFKCPSSGTPNPTLRWLKNGKEFKPDHRIGGYKVRYATWSIIMDSVVPSDKGNYTCIVENEYGSINHTYQLDVVERSPHRPILQAGLPANKTVALGSNVEFMCKVYSDPQPHIQWLKHIEVNGSKIGPDNLPYVQILKTAGVNTTDKEMEVLHLRNVSFEDAGEYTCLAGNSIGLSHHSAWLTVLEALEERPAVMTSPLY.

An example of an extracellular region of FGFR1c (αIIIc) is:

(SEQ ID NO: 427) RPSPTLPEQAQPWGAPVEVESFLVHPGDLLQLRCRLRDDVQSINWLRDGVQLAESNRTRITGEEVEVQDSVPADSGLYACVTSSPSGSDTTYFSVNVSDALPSSEDDDDDDDSSSEEKETDNTKPNRMPVAPYWTSPEKMEKKLHAVPAAKTVKFKCPSSGTPNPTLRWLKNGKEFKPDHRIGGYKVRYATWSIIMDSVVPSDKGNYTCIVENEYGSINHTYQLDVVERSPHRPILQAGLPANKTVALGSNVEFMCKVYSDPQPHIQWLKHIEVNGSKIGPDNLPYVQILKTAGVNTTDKEMEVLHLRNVSFEDAGEYTCLAGNSIGLSHHSAWLTVLEALEERPAVMTS PLYE.

An example of an extracellular region of FGFR1c (βIIIc) is:

(SEQ ID NO: 426) RPSPTLPEQDALPSSEDDDDDDDSSSEEKETDNTKPNPVAPYWTSPEKMEKKLHAVPAAKTVKFKCPSSGTPNPTLRWLKNGKEFKPDHRIGGYKVRYATWSIIMDSVVPSDKGNYTCIVENEYGSINHTYQLDVVERSPHRPILQAGLPANKTVALGSNVEFMCKVYSDPQPHIQWLKHIEVNGSKIGPDNLPYVQILKTAGVNTTDKEMEVLHLRNVSFEDAGEYTCLAGNSIGLSHHSAWLTVLEAL EERPAVMTSPLYLE.

As described herein, FGFR1c proteins can also include fragments. As usedherein, the terms are used interchangeably to mean a receptor, inparticular and unless otherwise specified, a human receptor, that uponassociation with beta klotho and FGF21 induces FGF21-like signalingactivity.

The term FGFR1c also includes post-translational modifications of theFGFR1c amino acid sequence, for example, possible N-linked glycosylationsites. Thus, the antigen binding proteins can bind to or be generatedfrom proteins glycosylated at one or more of the positions.

Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as describedherein bind to beta klotho alone or in complex with an FGF receptor,such as FGFR2c. An encoding nucleic acid sequence of human FGFR2c isprovided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 310) atggtcagctggggtcgtttcatctgcctggtcgtggtcaccatggcaaccttgtccctggcccggccctccttcagtttagttgaggataccacattagagccagaagagccaccaaccaaataccaaatctctcaaccagaagtgtacgtggctgcgccaggggagtcgctagaggtgcgctgcctgttgaaagatgccgccgtgatcagttggactaaggatggggtgcacttggggcccaacaataggacagtgcttattggggagtacttgcagataaagggcgccacgcctagagactccggcctctatgcttgtactgccagtaggactgtagacagtgaaacttggtacttcatggtgaatgtcacagatgccatctcatccggagatgatgaggatgacaccgatggtgcggaagattttgtcagtgagaacagtaacaacaagagagcaccatactggaccaacacagaaaagatggaaaagcggctccatgctgtgcctgcggccaacactgtcaagtttcgctgcccagccggggggaacccaatgccaaccatgcggtggctgaaaaacgggaaggagtttaagcaggagcatcgcattggaggctacaaggtacgaaaccagcactggagcctcattatggaaagtgtggtcccatctgacaagggaaattatacctgtgtagtggagaatgaatacgggtccatcaatcacacgtaccacctggatgttgtggagcgatcgcctcaccggcccatcctccaagccggactgccggcaaatgcctccacagtggtcggaggagacgtagagtttgtctgcaaggtttacagtgatgcccagccccacatccagtggatcaagcacgtggaaaagaacggcagtaaatacgggcccgacgggctgccctacctcaaggttctcaaggccgccggtgttaacaccacggacaaagagattgaggttctctatattcggaagtaacttttgaggacgctggggaatatacgtgcttggcgggtaattctattgggatatcctttcactctgcatggttgacagttctgccagcgcctggaagagaaaaggagattacagcttccccagactacctggagatagccatttactgcataggggtcttcttaatcgcctgtatggtggtaacagtcatcctgtgccgaatgaagaacacgaccaagaagccagacttcagcagccagccggctgtgcacaagctgaccaaacgtatccccctgcggagacaggtaacagtttcggctgagtccagctcctccatgaactccaacaccccgctggtgaggataacaacacgcctctcttcaacggcagacacccccatgctggcaggggtctccgagtatgaacttccagaggacccaaaatgggagtttccaagagataagctgacactgggcaagcccctgggagaaggttgctttgggcaagtggtcatggcggaagcagtgggaattgacaaagacaagcccaaggaggcggtcaccgtggccgtgaagatgttgaaagatgatgccacagagaaagacctttctgatctggtgtcagagatggagatgatgaagatgattgggaaacacaagaatatcataaatcttcttggagcctgcacacaggatgggcctctctatgtcatagttgagtatgcctctaaaggcaacctccgagaatacctccgagcccggaggccacccgggatggagtactcctatgacattaaccgtgttcctgaggagcagatgaccttcaaggacttggtgtcatgcacctaccagctggccagaggcatggagtacttggcttcccaaaaatgtattcatcgagatttagcagccagaaatgttttggtaacagaaaacaatgtgatgaaaatagcagactttggactcgccagagatatcaacaatatagactattacaaaaagaccaccaatgggcggcttccagtcaagtggatggctccagaagccctgtttgatagagtatacactcatcagagtgatgtctggtccttcggggtgttaatgtgggagatcttcactttagggggctcgccctacccagggattcccgtggaggaactttttaagctgctgaaggaaggacacagaatggataagccagccaactgcaccaacgaactgtacatgatgatgagggactgttggcatgcagtgccctcccagagaccaacgttcaagcagttggtagaagacttggatcgaattctcactctcacaaccaatgaggaatacttggacctcagccaacctctcgaacagtattcacctagttaccctgacacaagaagttcttgttcttcaggagatgattctgttttttctccagaccccatgccttacgaaccatgccttcctcagtatccacacataaacg gcagtgttaaaacatga

The amino acid sequence of human FGFR2c is provided below; the aminoacids that make up the signal sequence are underlined:

(SEQ ID NO: 311) mvswgrficlvvytmatlslaRPSFSLVEDTTLEPEEPPIKYQISQPEVYVAAPGESLEVRCLLKDAAVISWTKDGVHLGPNNRTVLIGEYLQIKGATPRDSGLYACTASRTVDSETWYFMVNVTDAISSGDDEDDIDGAEDFVSENSNNKRAPYWINTEKMEKRLHAVPAANTVKFRCPAGGNPMPIMRWLKNGKEFKQEHRIGGYKVRNQHWSLIMESVVPSDKGNYTCVVENEYGSINHTYHLDVVERSPHRPILQAGLPANASTVVGGDVEFVCKVYSDAQPHIQWIKHVEKNGSKYGPDGLPYLKVLKAAGVNTTDKEIEVLYIRNVTFEDAGEYTCLAGNSIGISFHSAWLTVLPAPGREKEITASPDYLEIAIYCIGVFLIACMVVTVILCRMKNTTKKPDFSSQPAVHKLTKRIPLRRQVTVSAESSSSMNSNTPLVRITTRLSSTADTPMLAGVSEYELPEDPKWEFPRDKLTLGKPLGEGCFGQVVMAEAVGIDKDKPKEAVTVAVKMLKDDATEKDLSDLVSEMEMMKMIGKHKNIINLLGACTQDGPLYVIVEYASKGNLREYLRARRPPGMEYSYDINRVPEEQMTFKDLVSCTYQLARGMEYLASQKCIHRDLAARNVLVTENNVMKIADFGLARDINNIDYYKKTINGRLPVKWMAPEALFDRVYTHQSDVWSFGVLMWEIFTLGGSPYPGIPVEELFKLLKEGHRMDKPANCTNELYMMMRDCWHAVPSQRPTFKQLVEDLDRILTLTTNEEYLDLSQPLEQYSPSYPDTRSSCSSGDDSVFSPDPMPYEPCLPQYPHIN GSVKT

Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as describedherein bind to beta klotho alone or in complex with an FGF receptor,such as FGFR3c. An encoding nucleic acid sequence of human FGFR3c(GenBank Accession Number NP 000133) is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 312) atgggcgcccctgcctgcgccctcgcgctctgcgtggccgtggccatcgtggccggcgcctcctcggagtccttggggacggagcagcgcgtcgtggggcgagcggcagaagtcccgggcccagagcccggccagcaggagcagttggtcttcggcagcggggatgctgtggagctgagctgtcccccgcccgggggtggtcccatggggcccactgtctgggtcaaggatggcacagggctggtgccctcggagcgtgtcctggtggggccccagcggctgcaggtgctgaatgcctcccacgaggactccggggcctacagctgccggcagcggctcacgcagcgcgtactgtgccacttcagtgtgcgggtgacagacgctccatcctcgggagatgacgaagacggggaggacgaggctgaggacacaggtgtggacacaggggccccttactggacacggcccgagcggatggacaagaagctgctggccgtgccggccgccaacaccgtccgcttccgctgcccagccgctggcaaccccactccctccatctcctggctgaagaacggcagggagttccgcggcgagcaccgcattggaggcatcaagctgcggcatcagcagtggagcctggtcatggaaagcgtggtgccctcggaccgcggcaactacacctgcgtcgtggagaacaagtttggcagcatccggcagacgtacacgctggacgtgctggagcgcccccgcaccggcccatcctgcaggcggggctgccggccaaccagacggcggtgctgggcagcgacgtggagttccactgcaaggtgtacagtgacgcacagccccacatccagtggctcaagcacgtggaggtgaatggcagcaaggtgggcccggacggcacaccctacgttaccgtgctcaagacggcgggcgctaacaccaccgacaaggagctagaggttctctccttgcacaacgtcacctttgaggacgccggggagtacacctgcctggcgggcaattctattgggttttctcatcactctgcgtggctggtggtgctgccagccgaggaggagctggtggaggctgacgaggcgggcagtgtgtatgcaggcatcctcagctacggggtgggcttcttcctgttcatcctggtggtggcggctgtgacgctctgccgcctgcgcagcccccccaagaaaggcctgggctcccccaccgtgcacaagatctcccgcttcccgctcaagcgacaggtgtccctggagtccaacgcgtccatgagctccaacacaccactggtgcgcatcgcaaggctgtcctcaggggagggccccacgctggccaatgtctccgagctcgagctgcctgccgaccccaaatgggagctgtctcgggcccggctgaccctgggcaagccccttggggagggctgcttcggccaggtggtcatggcggaggccatcggcattgacaaggaccgggccgccaagcctgtcaccgtagccgtgaagatgctgaaagacgatgccactgacaaggacctgtcggacctggtgtctgagatggagatgatgaagatgatcgggaaacacaaaaacatcatcaacctgctgggcgcctgcacgcagggcgggcccctgtacgtgctggtggagtacgcggccaagggtaacctgcgggagtttctgcgggcgcggcggcccccgggcctggactactccttcgacacctgcaagccgcccgaggagcagctcaccttcaaggacctggtgtcctgtgcctaccaggtggcccggggcatggagtacttggcctcccagaagtgcatccacagggacctggctgcccgcaatgtgctggtgaccgaggacaacgtgatgaagatcgcagacttcgggctggcccgggacgtgcacaacctcgactactacaagaagacaaccaacggccggctgcccgtgaagtggatggcgcctgaggccttgtttgaccgagtctacactcaccagagtgacgtctggtcctttggggtcctgctctgggagatcttcacgctggggggctccccgtaccccggcatccctgtggaggagctcttcaagctgctgaaggagggccaccgcatggacaagcccgccaactgcacacacgacctgtacatgatcatgcgggagtgctggcatgccgcgccctcccagaggcccaccttcaagcagctggtggaggacctggaccgtgtccttaccgtgacgtccaccgacgagtacctggacctgtcggcgcctttcgagcagtactccccgggtggccaggacacccccagctccagctcctcaggggacgactccgtgtttgcccacgacctgctgcccccggccccacccagcagtgggggctcgcggacgtga

The amino acid sequences of human FGFR3c is provided below; the aminoacids that make-up the signal sequence are underlined:

(SEQ ID NO: 313) mgapacalalcvavaivagassESLGTEQRVVGRAAEVPGPEPGQQEQLVFGSGDAVELSCPPPGGGPMGPTVWVKDGTGLVPSERVLVGPQRLQVLNASHEDSGAYSCRQRLTQRVLCHFSVRVTDAPSSGDDEDGEDEAEDTGVDTGAPYWTRPERMDKKLLAVPAANTVRFRCPAAGNPTPSISWLKNGREFRGEHRIGGIKLRHQQWSLVMESVVPSDRGNYTCVVENKFGSIRQTYTLDVLERSPHRPILQAGLPANQTAVLGSDVEFHCKVYSDAQPHIQWLKHVEVNGSKVGPDGTPYVTVLKTAGANTTDKELEVLSLHNVTFEDAGEYTCLAGNSIGFSHHSAWLVVLPAEEELVEADEAGSVYAGILSYGVGFFLFILVVAAVTLCRLRSPPKKGLGSPTVHKISRFPLKRQVSLESNASMSSNTPLVRIARLSSGEGPTLANVSELELPADPKWELSRARLTLGKPLGEGCFGQVVMAEAIGIDKDRAAKPVTVAVKMLKDDATDKDLSDLVSEMEMMKMIGKHKNIINLLGACTQGGPLYVLVEYAAKGNLREFLRARRPPGLDYSFDTCKPPEEQLTFKDLVSCAYQVARGMEYLASQKCIHRDLAARNVLVTEDNVMKIADFGLARDVHNLDYYKKTTNGRLPVKWMAPEALFDRVYTHQSDVWSFGVLLWEIFTLGGSPYPGIPVEELFKLLKEGHRMDKPANCTHDLYMIMRECWHAAPSQRPTFKQLVEDLDRVLTVTSTDEYLDLSAPFEQYSPGGQDTPSSSSSGDDSVFAHDLLPPAPPSSGGSRT

Binding proteins, such as anti-beta klotho antibodies, as describedherein bind to beta klotho alone or in complex with an FGF receptor,such as FGFR4. An encoding nucleic acid sequence of human FGFR4 isprovided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 314) atgcggctgctgctggccctgttgggggtcctgctgagtgtgcctgggcctccagtcttgtccctggaggcctctgaggaagtggagcttgagccctgcctggctcccagcctggagcagcaagagcaggagctgacagtagcccttgggcagcctgtgcgtctgtgctgtgggcgggctgagcgtggtggccactggtacaaggagggcagtcgcctggcacctgctggccgtgtacggggctggaggggccgcctagagattgccagcttcctacctgaggatgctggccgctacctctgcctggcacgaggctccatgatcgtcctgcagaatctcaccttgattacaggtgactccttgacctccagcaacgatgatgaggaccccaagtcccatagggacccctcgaataggcacagttacccccagcaagcaccctactggacacacccccagcgcatggagaagaaactgcatgcagtacctgcggggaacaccgtcaagttccgctgtccagctgcaggcaaccccacgcccaccatccgctggcttaaggatggacaggcctttcatggggagaaccgcattggaggcattcggctgcgccatcagcactggagtctcgtgatggagagcgtggtgccctcggaccgcggcacatacacctgcctggtagagaacgctgtgggcagcatccgctataactacctgctagatgtgctggagcggtccccgcaccggcccatcctgcaggccgggctcccggccaacaccacagccgtggtgggcagcgacgtggagctgctgtgcaaggtgtacagcgatgcccagccccacatccagtggctgaagcacatcgtcatcaacggcagcagcttcggagccgacggtttcccctatgtgcaagtcctaaagactgcagacatcaatagctcagaggtggaggtcctgtacctgcggaacgtgtcagccgaggacgcaggcgagtacacctgcctcgcaggcaattccatcggcctctcctaccagtctgcctggctcacggtgctgccagaggaggaccccacatggaccgcagcagcgcccgaggccaggtatacggacatcatcctgtacgcgtcgggctccctggccttggctgtgctcctgctgctggccgggctgtatcgagggcaggcgctccacggccggcacccccgcccgcccgccactgtgcagaagctctcccgcttccctctggcccgacagttctccctggagtcaggctcttccggcaagtcaagctcatccctggtacgaggcgtgcgtctctcctccagcggccccgccttgctcgccggcctcgtgagtctagatctacctctcgacccactatgggagttcccccgggacaggctggtgcttgggaagcccctaggcgagggctgctttggccaggtagtacgtgcagaggcctttggcatggaccctgcccggcctgaccaagccagcactgtggccgtcaagatgctcaaagacaacgcctctgacaaggacctggccgacctggtctcggagatggaggtgatgaagctgatcggccgacacaagaacatcatcaacctgcttggtgtctgcacccaggaagggcccctgtacgtgatcgtggagtgcgccgccaagggaaacctgcgggagttcctgcgggcccggcgccccccaggccccgacctcagccccgacggtcctcggagcagtgaggggccgctctccttcccagtcctggtctcctgcgcctaccaggtggcccgaggcatgcagtatctggagtcccggaagtgtatccaccgggacctggctgcccgcaatgtgctggtgactgaggacaatgtgatgaagattgctgactttgggctggcccgcggcgtccaccacattgactactataagaaaaccagcaacggccgcctgcctgtgaagtggatggcgcccgaggccttgtttgaccgggtgtacacacaccagagtgacgtgtggtcttttgggatcctgctatgggagatcttcaccctcgggggctccccgtatcctggcatcccggtggaggagctgttctcgctgctgcgggagggacatcggatggaccgacccccacactgccccccagagctgtacgggctgatgcgtgagtgctggcacgcagcgccctcccagaggcctaccttcaagcagctggtggaggcgctggacaaggtcctgctggccgtctctgaggagtacctcgacctccgcctgaccttcggaccctattccccctctggtggggacgccagcagcacctgctcctccagcgattctgtcttcagccacgaccccctgccattgggatccagctccttccccttcgggtctggg gtgcagacatga

The amino acid sequence of human FGFR4 (GenBank Accession Number NP.002002.3) is provided below; the amino acids that make-up the signalsequence are underlined:

(SEQ ID NO: 315) mrlllallgyllsvpgppvlsLEASEEVELEPCLAPSLEQQEQELTVALGQPVRLCCGRAERGGHWYKEGSRLAPAGRVRGWRGRLEIASFLPEDAGRYLCLARGSMIVLQNLTLITGDSLTSSNDDEDPKSHRDPSNRHSYPQQAPYWTHPQRMEKKLHAVPAGNTVKFRCPAAGNPTPTIRWLKDGQAFHGENRIGGIRLRHQHWSLVMESVVPSDRGTYTCLVENAVGSIRYNYLLDVLERSPHRPILQAGLPANTTAVVGSDVELLCKVYSDAQPHIQWLKHIVINGSSFGADGFPYVQVLKTADINSSEVEVLYLRNVSAEDAGEYTCLAGNSIGLSYQSAWLTVLPEEDPTWTAAAPEARYTDIILYASGSLALAVLLLLAGLYRGQALHGRHPRPPATVQKLSRFPLARQFSLESGSSGKSSSSLVRGVRLSSSGPALLAGLVSLDLPLDPLWEFPRDRLVLGKPLGEGCFGQVVRAEAFGMDPARPDQASTVAVKMLKDNASDKDLADLVSEMEVMKLIGRHKNIINLLGVCTQEGPLYVIVECAAKGNLREFLRARRPPGPDLSPDGPRSSEGPLSFPVLVSCAYQVARGMQYLESRKCIHRDLAARNVLVTEDNVMKIADFGLARGVHHIDYYKKTSNGRLPVKWMAPEALFDRVYTHQSDVWSFGILLWEIFTLGGSPYPGIPVEELFSLLREGHRMDRPPHCPPELYGLMRECWHAAPSQRPTFKQLVEALDKVLLAVSEEYLDLRLTFGPYSPSGGDASSTCSSSDSVFSHDPLPLGSSSFPFGSGVQT

An “antigen” is a predetermined antigen to which an antibody canselectively bind. A target antigen may be a polypeptide, carbohydrate,nucleic acid, lipid, hapten or other naturally occurring or syntheticcompound. Preferably, the target antigen is a polypeptide.

The term “antigen binding fragment,” “antigen binding domain,” “antigenbinding region,” and similar terms refer to that portion of an antibodywhich comprises the amino acid residues that interact with an antigenand confer on the binding agent its specificity and affinity for theantigen (e.g., the complementarity determining regions (CDRs)).

The terms “binds” or “binding” refer to an interaction between moleculesincluding, for example, to form a complex. Interactions can be, forexample, non-covalent interactions including hydrogen bonds, ionicbonds, hydrophobic interactions, and/or van der Waals interactions. Acomplex can also include the binding of two or more molecules heldtogether by covalent or non-covalent bonds, interactions or forces. Thestrength of the total non-covalent interactions between a singleantigen-binding site on an antibody and a single epitope of a targetmolecule, such as beta klotho, is the affinity of the antibody orfunctional fragment for that epitope. The ratio of association (k1) todissociation (k−1) of an antibody to a monovalent antigen (k1/k−1) isthe association constant K, which is a measure of affinity. The value ofK varies for different complexes of antibody and antigen and depends onboth k1 and k−1. The association constant K for an antibody providedherein can be determined using any method provided herein or any othermethod well known to those skilled in the art. The affinity at onebinding site does not always reflect the true strength of theinteraction between an antibody and an antigen. When complex antigenscontaining multiple, repeating antigenic determinants, such as apolyvalent beta klotho, come in contact with antibodies containingmultiple binding sites, the interaction of antibody with antigen at onesite will increase the probability of a reaction at a second site. Thestrength of such multiple interactions between a multivalent antibodyand antigen is called the avidity. The avidity of an antibody can be abetter measure of its binding capacity than is the affinity of itsindividual binding sites. For example, high avidity can compensate forlow affinity as is sometimes found for pentameric IgM antibodies, whichcan have a lower affinity than IgG, but the high avidity of IgM,resulting from its multivalence, enables it to bind antigen effectively.

The terms “antibodies that specifically bind to beta klotho,”“antibodies that specifically bind to a beta klotho epitope,” andanalogous terms are also used interchangeably herein and refer toantibodies that specifically bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, such asa beta klotho antigen, or fragment, or epitope (e.g., human beta klothosuch as a human beta klotho polypeptide, antigen or epitope). Anantibody that specifically binds to beta klotho, (e.g., human betaklotho) may bind to the extracellular domain or peptide derived from theextracellular domain of beta klotho beta klotho. An antibody thatspecifically binds to a beta klotho antigen (e.g., human beta klotho)may be cross-reactive with related antigens (e.g., cyno beta klotho). Incertain embodiments, an antibody that specifically binds to a betaklotho antigen does not cross-react with other antigens. An antibodythat specifically binds to a beta klotho antigen can be identified, forexample, by immunoassays, Biacore, or other techniques known to those ofskill in the art. An antibody binds specifically to a beta klothoantigen when it binds to a beta klotho antigen with higher affinity thanto any cross reactive antigen as determined using experimentaltechniques, such as radioimmunoassays (RIA) and enzyme linkedimmunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Typically a specific or selectivereaction will be at least twice background signal or noise and may bemore than 10 times background. See, e.g., Paul, ed., 1989, FundamentalImmunology Second Edition, Raven Press, New York at pages 332 336 for adiscussion regarding antibody specificity. An antibody “which binds” anantigen of interest (e.g., a target antigen such as beta klotho) is onethat binds the antigen with sufficient affinity such that the antibodyis useful as a therapeutic agent in targeting a cell or tissueexpressing the antigen, and does not significantly cross-react withother proteins. In such embodiments, the extent of binding of theantibody to a “non-target” protein will be less than about 10% of thebinding of the antibody to its particular target protein, for example,as determined by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis orradioimmunoprecipitation (RIA). With regard to the binding of anantibody to a target molecule, the term “specific binding” or“specifically binds to” or is “specific for” a particular polypeptide oran epitope on a particular polypeptide target means binding that ismeasurably different from a non-specific interaction. Specific bindingcan be measured, for example, by determining binding of a moleculecompared to binding of a control molecule, which generally is a moleculeof similar structure that does not have binding activity. For example,specific binding can be determined by competition with a controlmolecule that is similar to the target, for example, an excess ofnon-labeled target. In this case, specific binding is indicated if thebinding of the labeled target to a probe is competitively inhibited byexcess unlabeled target. The term “specific binding” or “specificallybinds to” or is “specific for” a particular polypeptide or an epitope ona particular polypeptide target as used herein can be exhibited, forexample, by a molecule having a Kd for the target of at least about 10⁻⁴M, alternatively at least about 10⁻⁵ M, alternatively at least about10⁻⁶ M, alternatively at least about 10⁻⁷ M, alternatively at leastabout 10⁻⁶ M, alternatively at least about 10⁻⁹ M, alternatively atleast about 10⁻¹⁰ M, alternatively at least about 10⁻¹¹ M, alternativelyat least about 10⁻¹² M, or greater. In one embodiment, the term“specific binding” refers to binding where a molecule binds to aparticular polypeptide or epitope on a particular polypeptide withoutsubstantially binding to any other polypeptide or polypeptide epitope.In certain embodiments, an antibody that binds to beta klotho has adissociation constant (Kd) of less than or equal to 10 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 3nM, 2 nM, 1 nM, 0.9 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.7 nM, 0.6 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM, 0.3 nM,0.2 nM, or 0.1 nM. The lower the K_(D), the higher the affinity of theanti-beta klotho antibody. In certain embodiments, anti-beta klothoantibody binds to an epitope of beta klotho that is conserved among betaklotho from different species (e.g., between human and cyno betaklotho).

The term “compete” when used in the context of anti-beta klothoantibodies (e.g., agonistic antibodies and binding proteins that bind to(i) beta klotho; or (ii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one ofFGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4) that compete for the same epitope orbinding site on a target means competition between as determined by anassay in which the antibody (or binding fragment) thereof under studyprevents or inhibits the specific binding of a reference molecule (e.g.,a reference ligand, or reference antigen binding protein, such as areference antibody) to a common antigen (e.g., beta klotho or a fragmentthereof). Numerous types of competitive binding assays can be used todetermine if a test antibody competes with a reference antibody forbinding to beta klotho (e.g., human beta klotho). Examples of assaysthat can be employed include solid phase direct or indirectradioimmunoassay (RIA), solid phase direct or indirect enzymeimmunoassay (EIA), sandwich competition assay (see, e.g., Stahli et al.,(1983) Methods in Enzymology 9:242-253); solid phase directbiotin-avidin EIA (see, e.g., Kirkland et al., (1986) J. Immunol.137:3614-3619) solid phase direct labeled assay, solid phase directlabeled sandwich assay (see, e.g., Harlow and Lane, (1988) Antibodies, ALaboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Press); solid phase direct labelRIA using 1-125 label (see, e.g., Morel et al., (1988) Molec. Immunol.25:7-15); solid phase direct biotin-avidin EIA (see, e.g., Cheung, etal., (1990) Virology 176:546-552); and direct labeled RIA (Moldenhaueret al., (1990) Scand. J. Immunol. 32:77-82). Typically, such an assayinvolves the use of a purified antigen (e.g., beta klotho such as humanbeta klotho) bound to a solid surface or cells bearing either of anunlabelled test antigen binding protein (e.g., test anti-beta klothoantibody) or a labeled reference antigen binding protein (e.g.,reference anti-beta klotho antibody). Competitive inhibition may bemeasured by determining the amount of label bound to the solid surfaceor cells in the presence of the test antigen binding protein. Usuallythe test antigen binding protein is present in excess. Antibodiesidentified by competition assay (competing antibodies) includeantibodies binding to the same epitope as the reference antibody and/orantibodies binding to an adjacent epitope sufficiently proximal to theepitope bound by the reference for antibodies steric hindrance to occur.Additional details regarding methods for determining competitive bindingare described herein. Usually, when a competing antibodies protein ispresent in excess, it will inhibit specific binding of a referenceantibodies to a common antigen by at least 23%, for example 40%, 45%,50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70% or 75%]]. In some instance, binding is inhibitedby at least 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 96% or 97%, 98%, 99% or more.

The term “anti-beta klotho antibody” or “an antibody that binds to betaklotho” includes an antibody that is capable of binding beta klotho withsufficient affinity such that the antibody is useful as a diagnosticand/or therapeutic agent in targeting beta klotho. Preferably, theextent of binding of an anti-beta klotho antibody to an unrelated,non-beta klotho protein is less than about 10% of the binding of theantibody to beta klotho as measured, for example, by fluorescenceactivated cell sorting (FACS) analysis or an immunoassay such as aradioimmunoassay (RIA). An antibody that “specifically binds to” or is“specific for” beta klotho is Illustrated above. In certain embodiments,an antibody that binds to beta klotho, as described herein has adissociation constant (Kd) of less than or equal to 10 nM, 9 nM, 8 nM, 7nM, 6 nM, 5 nM, 4 nM, 0.9 nM, 0.8 nM, 0.7 nM, 0.6 nM, 0.5 nM, 0.4 nM,0.3 nM, 0.2 nM, or 0.1 nM, and/or is greater than or equal to 0.1 nM. Incertain embodiments, anti-beta klotho antibody binds to an epitope ofbeta klotho that is conserved among beta klotho from different species(e.g., between human and cyno beta klotho).

An “isolated” antibody is substantially free of cellular material orother contaminating proteins from the cell or tissue source and/or othercontaminant components from which the antibody is derived, orsubstantially free of chemical precursors or other chemicals whenchemically synthesized. The language “substantially free of cellularmaterial” includes preparations of an antibody in which the antibody isseparated from cellular components of the cells from which it isisolated or recombinantly produced. Thus, an antibody that issubstantially free of cellular material includes preparations ofantibody having less than about 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1% (bydry weight) of heterologous protein (also referred to herein as a“contaminating protein”). In certain embodiments, when the antibody isrecombinantly produced, it is substantially free of culture medium,e.g., culture medium represents less than about 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1%of the volume of the protein preparation. In certain embodiments, whenthe antibody is produced by chemical synthesis, it is substantially freeof chemical precursors or other chemicals, for example, it is separatedfrom chemical precursors or other chemicals which are involved in thesynthesis of the protein. Accordingly such preparations of the antibodyhave less than about 30%, 25%, 20%, 15%, 10%, 5%, or 1% (by dry weight)of chemical precursors or compounds other than the antibody of interest.Contaminant components can also include, but are not limited to,materials that would interfere with therapeutic uses for the antibody,and may include enzymes, hormones, and other proteinaceous ornonproteinaceous solutes. In certain embodiments, the antibody will bepurified (1) to greater than 95% by weight of antibody as determined bythe Lowry method (Lowry et al. J. Bio. Chem. 193: 265-275, 1951), suchas 96%, 97%, 98%, or 99%, by weight, (2) to a degree sufficient toobtain at least 15 residues of N-terminal or internal amino acidsequence by use of a spinning cup sequenator, or (3) to homogeneity bySDS-PAGE under reducing or nonreducing conditions using Coomassie blueor, preferably, silver stain. Isolated antibody includes the antibody insitu within recombinant cells since at least one component of theantibody's natural environment will not be present. Ordinarily, however,isolated antibody will be prepared by at least one purification step. Inspecific embodiments, antibodies provided herein are isolated.

A 4-chain antibody unit is a heterotetrameric glycoprotein composed oftwo identical light (L) chains and two identical heavy (H) chains. Inthe case of IgGs, the 4-chain unit is generally about 150,000 daltons.Each L chain is linked to a H chain by one covalent disulfide bond,while the two H chains are linked to each other by one or more disulfidebonds depending on the H chain isotype. Each H and L chain also hasregularly spaced intrachain disulfide bridges. Each H chain has at theN-terminus, a variable domain (VH) followed by three constant domains(CH) for each of the α and γ chains and four CH domains for p and cisotypes. Each L chain has at the N-terminus, a variable domain (VL)followed by a constant domain (CL) at its other end. The VL is alignedwith the VH and the CL is aligned with the first constant domain of theheavy chain (CH1). Particular amino acid residues are believed to forman interface between the light chain and heavy chain variable domains.The pairing of a VH and VL together forms a single antigen-binding site.For the structure and properties of the different classes of antibodies,see, e.g., Basic and Clinical Immunology, 8th edition, Daniel P. Stites,Abba I. Terr and Tristram G. Parslow (eds.), Appleton & Lange, Norwalk,Conn., 1994, page 71 and Chapter 6.

The term “variable region” or “variable domain” refers to a portion ofthe light or heavy chains of an antibody that is generally located atthe amino-terminal of the light or heavy chain and has a length of about120 to 130 amino acids in the heavy chain and about 100 to 110 aminoacids in the light chain, and are used in the binding and specificity ofeach particular antibody for its particular antigen. The variable regionof the heavy chain may be referred to as “VH.” The variable region ofthe light chain may be referred to as “VL.” The term “variable” refersto the fact that certain segments of the variable regions differextensively in sequence among antibodies. The V region mediates antigenbinding and defines specificity of a particular antibody for itsparticular antigen. However, the variability is not evenly distributedacross the 110-amino acid span of the variable regions. Instead, the Vregions consist of less variable (e.g., relatively invariant) stretchescalled framework regions (FRs) of about 15-30 amino acids separated byshorter regions of greater variability (e.g., extreme variability)called “hypervariable regions” that are each about 9-12 amino acidslong. The variable regions of heavy and light chains each comprise fourFRs, largely adopting a β sheet configuration, connected by threehypervariable regions, which form loops connecting, and in some casesforming part of, the β sheet structure. The hypervariable regions ineach chain are held together in close proximity by the FRs and, with thehypervariable regions from the other chain, contribute to the formationof the antigen-binding site of antibodies (see, e.g., Kabat et al.,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public HealthService, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md., 1991)). Theconstant regions are not involved directly in binding an antibody to anantigen, but exhibit various effector functions, such as participationof the antibody in antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) andcomplement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC). The variable regions differextensively in sequence between different antibodies. The variability insequence is concentrated in the CDRs while the less variable portions inthe variable region are referred to as framework regions (FR). The CDRsof the light and heavy chains are primarily responsible for theinteraction of the antibody with antigen. In specific embodiments, thevariable region is a human variable region.

The term “variable region residue numbering as in Kabat” or “amino acidposition numbering as in Kabat”, and variations thereof, refers to thenumbering system used for heavy chain variable regions or light chainvariable regions of the compilation of antibodies in Kabat et al.,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public HealthService, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991). Using thisnumbering system, the actual linear amino acid sequence may containfewer or additional amino acids corresponding to a shortening of, orinsertion into, a FR or CDR of the variable domain. For example, a heavychain variable domain may include a single amino acid insert (residue52a according to Kabat) after residue 52 of H2 and inserted residues(e.g., residues 82a, 82b, and 82c, etc, according to Kabat) after heavychain FR residue 82. The Kabat numbering of residues may be determinedfor a given antibody by alignment at regions of homology of the sequenceof the antibody with a “standard” Kabat numbered sequence. The Kabatnumbering system is generally used when referring to a residue in thevariable domain (approximately residues 1-107 of the light chain andresidues 1-113 of the heavy chain) (e.g., Kabat et al., Sequences ofImmunological Interest. 5th Ed. Public Health Service, NationalInstitutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991)). The “EU numbering system”or “EU index” is generally used when referring to a residue in animmunoglobulin heavy chain constant region (e.g., the EU index reportedin Kabat et al., supra). The “EU index as in Kabat” refers to theresidue numbering of the human IgG 1 EU antibody. Other numberingsystems have been described, including, for example, by AbM, Chothia,Contact, IMGT and AHon. Various numbers systems are illustrated in FIGS.1-3 .

An “intact” antibody is one comprising an antigen-binding site as wellas a CL and at least heavy chain constant regions, CH1, CH2 and CH3. Theconstant regions may include human constant regions or amino acidsequence variants thereof. Preferably, an intact antibody has one ormore effector functions.

“Antibody fragments” comprise a portion of an intact antibody,preferably the antigen binding or variable region of the intactantibody. Examples of antibody fragments include, without limitation,Fab, Fab′, F(ab′)2, and Fv fragments; diabodies and di-diabodies (see,e.g., Holliger, P. et al., (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 90:6444-8; Lu,D. et al., (2005) J. Biol. Chem. 280:19665-72; Hudson et al., Nat. Med.9:129-134 (2003); WO 93/11161; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,837,242 and6,492,123); single-chain antibody molecules (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.4,946,778; 5,260,203; 5,482,858 and 5,476,786); dual variable domainantibodies (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,612,181); single variable domainantibodies (SdAbs) (see, e.g., Woolven et al., Immunogenetics 50:98-101, 1999; Streltsov et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:12444-12449,2004); and multispecific antibodies formed from antibody fragments.

A “functional fragment” or “binding fragment” or “antigen bindingfragment” of a therapeutic antibody will exhibit at least one if notsome or all of the biological functions attributed to the intactantibody, the function comprising at least binding to the targetantigen, (e.g., a beta klotho binding fragment or fragment that binds tobeta klotho).

The term “fusion protein” as used herein refers to a polypeptide thatcomprises an amino acid sequence of an antibody and an amino acidsequence of a heterologous polypeptide or protein (e.g., a polypeptideor protein not normally a part of the antibody (e.g., a non-anti-betaklotho antigen binding antibody)). The term “fusion” when used inrelation to beta klotho or to an anti-beta klotho antibody refers to thejoining of a peptide or polypeptide, or fragment, variant and/orderivative thereof, with a heterologous peptide or polypeptide. Incertain embodiments, the fusion protein retains the biological activityof the beta klotho or anti-beta klotho antibody. In certain embodiments,the fusion protein comprises a beta klotho antibody VH region, VLregion, VH CDR (one, two or three VH CDRs), and/or VL CDR (one, two orthree VL CDRs), wherein the fusion protein binds to a beta klothoepitope, a beta klotho fragment and/or a beta klotho polypeptide.

The term “heavy chain” when used in reference to an antibody refers to apolypeptide chain of about 50-70 kDa, wherein the amino-terminal portionincludes a variable region of about 120 to 130 or more amino acids and acarboxy-terminal portion that includes a constant region. The constantregion can be one of five distinct types, (e.g., isotypes) referred toas alpha (α), delta (δ), epsilon (ε), gamma (γ) and mu (μ), based on theamino acid sequence of the heavy chain constant region. The distinctheavy chains differ in size: α, δ and γ contain approximately 450 aminoacids, while p and c contain approximately 550 amino acids. Whencombined with a light chain, these distinct types of heavy chains giverise to five well known classes (e.g., isotypes) of antibodies, IgA,IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM, respectively, including four subclasses of IgG,namely IgG1, IgG2, IgG3 and IgG4. A heavy chain can be a human heavychain.

The term “light chain” when used in reference to an antibody refers to apolypeptide chain of about 25 kDa, wherein the amino-terminal portionincludes a variable region of about 100 to about 110 or more amino acidsand a carboxy-terminal portion that includes a constant region. Theapproximate length of a light chain is 211 to 217 amino acids. There aretwo distinct types, referred to as kappa (κ) of lambda (λ) based on theamino acid sequence of the constant domains. Light chain amino acidsequences are well known in the art. A light chain can be a human lightchain.

The term “host” as used herein refers to an animal, such as a mammal(e.g., a human).

The term “host cell” as used herein refers to a particular subject cellthat may be transfected with a nucleic acid molecule and the progeny orpotential progeny of such a cell. Progeny of such a cell may not beidentical to the parent cell transfected with the nucleic acid moleculedue to mutations or environmental influences that may occur insucceeding generations or integration of the nucleic acid molecule intothe host cell genome.

The term “monoclonal antibody” as used herein refers to an antibodyobtained from a population of substantially homogeneous antibodies,e.g., the individual antibodies comprising the population are identicalexcept for possible naturally occurring mutations that may be present inminor amounts, and each monoclonal antibody will typically recognize asingle epitope on the antigen. In specific embodiments, a “monoclonalantibody,” as used herein, is an antibody produced by a single hybridomaor other cell, wherein the antibody binds to only a beta klotho epitopeas determined, for example, by ELISA or other antigen-binding orcompetitive binding assay known in the art. The term “monoclonal” is notlimited to any particular method for making the antibody. For example,the monoclonal antibodies useful in the present disclosure may beprepared by the hybridoma methodology first described by Kohler et al.,Nature, 256:495 (1975), or may be made using recombinant DNA methods inbacterial, eukaryotic animal or plant cells (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.4,816,567). The “monoclonal antibodies” may also be isolated from phageantibody libraries using the techniques described in Clackson et al.,Nature, 352:624-628 (1991) and Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol., 222:581-597(1991), for example. Other methods for the preparation of clonal celllines and of monoclonal antibodies expressed thereby are well known inthe art (see, for example, Chapter 11 in: Short Protocols in MolecularBiology, (2002) 5th Ed., Ausubel et al., eds., John Wiley and Sons, NewYork). Exemplary methods of producing monoclonal antibodies are providedin the Examples herein.

The term “native” when used in connection with biological materials suchas nucleic acid molecules, polypeptides, host cells, and the like,refers to those which are found in nature and not manipulated, modified,and/or changed (e.g., isolated, purified, selected) by a human being.

The antibodies provided herein can include “chimeric” antibodies inwhich a portion of the heavy and/or light chain is identical with orhomologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from aparticular species or belonging to a particular antibody class orsubclass, while the remainder of the chain(s) is identical with orhomologous to corresponding sequences in antibodies derived from anotherspecies or belonging to another antibody class or subclass, as well asfragments of such antibodies, so long as they exhibit the desiredbiological activity (see U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567; and Morrison et al.,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 81:6851-6855 (1984)).

“Humanized” forms of nonhuman (e.g., murine) antibodies are chimericantibodies that include human immunoglobulins (e.g., recipient antibody)in which the native CDR residues are replaced by residues from thecorresponding CDR of a nonhuman species (e.g., donor antibody) such asmouse, rat, rabbit or nonhuman primate having the desired specificity,affinity, and capacity. In some instances, one or more FR regionresidues of the human immunoglobulin are replaced by correspondingnonhuman residues. Furthermore, humanized antibodies can compriseresidues that are not found in the recipient antibody or in the donorantibody. These modifications are made to further refine antibodyperformance. A humanized antibody heavy or light chain can comprisesubstantially all of at least one or more variable regions, in which allor substantially all of the CDRs correspond to those of a nonhumanimmunoglobulin and all or substantially all of the FRs are those of ahuman immunoglobulin sequence. In certain embodiments, the humanizedantibody will comprise at least a portion of an immunoglobulin constantregion (Fc), typically that of a human immunoglobulin. For furtherdetails, see, Jones et al., Nature, 321:522-525 (1986); Riechmann etal., Nature, 332:323-329 (1988); and Presta, Curr. Op. Struct. Biol.,2:593-596 (1992); Carter et al., Proc. Natl. Acd. Sci. USA 89:4285-4289(1992); and U.S. Pat. No. 6,800,738 (issued Oct. 5, 2004), 6,719,971(issued Sep. 27, 2005), 6,639,055 (issued Oct. 28, 2003), 6,407,213(issued Jun. 18, 2002), and 6,054,297 (issued Apr. 25, 2000).

A “human antibody” is one which possesses an amino acid sequence whichcorresponds to that of an antibody produced by a human and/or has beenmade using any of the techniques for making human antibodies asdisclosed herein. This definition of a human antibody specificallyexcludes a humanized antibody comprising non-human antigen-bindingresidues. Human antibodies can be produced using various techniquesknown in the art, including phage-display libraries (Hoogenboom andWinter, J. Mol. Biol., 227:381 (1991); Marks et al., J. Mol. Biol.,222:581 (1991) and yeast display libraries (Chao et al., NatureProtocols 1: 755-768 (2006)). Also available for the preparation ofhuman monoclonal antibodies are methods described in Cole et al.,Monoclonal Antibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985);Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147(1):86-95 (1991). See also van Dijk andvan de Winkel, Curr. Opin. Pharmacol., 5: 368-74 (2001). Humanantibodies can be prepared by administering the antigen to a transgenicanimal that has been modified to produce such antibodies in response toantigenic challenge, but whose endogenous loci have been disabled, e.g.,mice (see, e.g., Jakobovits, A., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1995,6(5):561-6; Bruggemann and Taussing, Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 1997,8(4):455-8; and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584 regardingXENOMOUSE™ technology). See also, for example, Li et al., Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA, 103:3557-3562 (2006) regarding human antibodiesgenerated via a human B-cell hybridoma technology.

A “CDR” refers to one of three hypervariable regions (H1, H2 or H3)within the non-framework region of the immunoglobulin (Ig or antibody)VH β-sheet framework, or one of three hypervariable regions (L1, L2 orL3) within the non-framework region of the antibody VL β-sheetframework. Accordingly, CDRs are variable region sequences interspersedwithin the framework region sequences. CDR regions are well known tothose skilled in the art and have been defined by, for example, Kabat asthe regions of most hypervariability within the antibody variable (V)domains (Kabat et al., J. Biol. Chem. 252:6609-6616 (1977); Kabat, Adv.Prot. Chem. 32:1-75 (1978)). CDR region sequences also have been definedstructurally by Chothia as those residues that are not part of theconserved β-sheet framework, and thus are able to adapt differentconformations (Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987)). Bothterminologies are well recognized in the art. CDR region sequences havealso been defined by AbM, Contact and IMGT. CDR region sequences areillustrated in FIGS. 1-3 . The positions of CDRs within a canonicalantibody variable region have been determined by comparison of numerousstructures (Al-Lazikani et al., J. Mol. Biol. 273:927-948 (1997); Moreaet al., Methods 20:267-279 (2000)). Because the number of residueswithin a hypervariable region varies in different antibodies, additionalresidues relative to the canonical positions are conventionally numberedwith a, b, c and so forth next to the residue number in the canonicalvariable region numbering scheme (Al-Lazikani et al., supra (1997)).Such nomenclature is similarly well known to those skilled in the art.

The term “hypervariable region”, “HVR”, or “HV”, when used herein refersto the regions of an antibody variable region that are hypervariable insequence and/or form structurally defined loops. Generally, antibodiescomprise six hypervariable regions; three in the VH (H1, H2, H3), andthree in the VL (L1, L2, L3). A number of hypervariable regiondelineations are in use and are encompassed herein. The KabatComplementarity Determining Regions (CDRs) are based on sequencevariability and are the most commonly used (see, e.g., Kabat et al.,Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th Ed. Public HealthService, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Md. (1991)). Chothiarefers instead to the location of the structural loops (see, e.g.,Chothia and Lesk, J. Mol. Biol. 196:901-917 (1987)). The end of theChothia CDR-H1 loop when numbered using the Kabat numbering conventionvaries between H32 and H34 depending on the length of the loop (this isbecause the Kabat numbering scheme places the insertions at H35A andH3513, if neither 35A nor 35B is present, the loop ends at 32; if only35A is present, the loop ends at 33; if both 35A and 35B are present,the loop ends at 34). The AbM hypervariable regions represent acompromise between the Kabat CDRs and Chothia structural loops, and areused by Oxford Molecular's AbM antibody modeling software (see, e.g.,Martin, in Antibody Engineering, Vol. 2, Chapter 3, Springer Verlag).The “contact” hypervariable regions are based on an analysis of theavailable complex crystal structures. The residues from each of thesehypervariable regions or CDRs are noted below.

Recently, a universal numbering system has been developed and widelyadopted, ImMunoGeneTics (IMGT) Information System® (Lafranc et al., Dev.Comp. Immunol. 27(1):55-77 (2003)). IMGT is an integrated informationsystem specializing in immunoglobulins (IG), T cell receptors (TR) andmajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) of human and other vertebrates.Herein, the CDRs are referred to in terms of both the amino acidsequence and the location within the light or heavy chain. As the“location” of the CDRs within the structure of the immunoglobulinvariable domain is conserved between species and present in structurescalled loops, by using numbering systems that align variable domainsequences according to structural features, CDR and framework residuesand are readily identified. This information can be used in grafting andreplacement of CDR residues from immunoglobulins of one species into anacceptor framework from, typically, a human antibody. An additionalnumbering system (AHon) has been developed by Honegger and Plückthun, J.Mol. Biol. 309: 657-670 (2001). Correspondence between the numberingsystem, including, for example, the Kabat numbering and the IMGT uniquenumbering system, is well known to one skilled in the art (see, e.g.,Kabat, supra; Chothia and Lesk, supra; Martin, supra; Lefranc et al.,supra) and is also illustrated in FIGS. 1-3 . An Exemplary system, shownherein, combines Kabat and Chothia.

Exemplary IMGT Kabat AbM Chothia Contact V_(H) CDR1 26-35 27-38 31-3526-35 26-32 30-35 V_(H) CDR2 50-65 56-65 50-65 50-58 53-55 47-58 V_(H)CDR3  95-102 105-117  95-102  95-102  96-101  93-101 V_(L) CDR1 24-3427-38 24-34 24-34 26-32 30-36 V_(L) CDR2 50-56 56-65 50-56 50-56 50-5246-55 V_(L) CDR3 89-97 105-117 89-97 89-97 91-96 89-96

Hypervariable regions may comprise “extended hypervariable regions” asfollows: 24-36 or 24-34 (L1), 46-56 or 50-56 (L2) and 89-97 or 89-96(L3) in the VL and 26-35 or 26-35A (H1), 50-65 or 49-65 (H2) and 93-102,94-102, or 95-102 (H3) in the VH. As used herein, the terms “HVR” and“CDR” are used interchangeably.

The term “constant region” or “constant domain” refers to a carboxyterminal portion of the light and heavy chain which is not directlyinvolved in binding of the antibody to antigen but exhibits variouseffector function, such as interaction with the Fc receptor. The termsrefer to the portion of an immunoglobulin molecule having a moreconserved amino acid sequence relative to the other portion of theimmunoglobulin, the variable region, which contains the antigen bindingsite. The constant region may contain the CH1, CH2 and CH3 regions ofthe heavy chain and the CL region of the light chain.

The term “framework” or “FR” residues are those variable region residuesflanking the CDRs. FR residues are present, for example, in chimeric,humanized, human, domain antibodies, diabodies, linear antibodies, andbispecific antibodies. FR residues are those variable domain residuesother than the hypervariable region residues or CDR residues.

An “affinity matured” antibody is one with one or more alterations(e.g., amino acid sequence variations, including changes, additionsand/or deletions) in one or more HVRs thereof which result in animprovement in the affinity of the antibody for antigen, compared to aparent antibody which does not possess those alteration(s). Preferredaffinity matured antibodies will have nanomolar or even picomolaraffinities for the target antigen. Affinity matured antibodies areproduced by procedures known in the art. For review, see Hudson andSouriau, Nature Medicine 9:129-134 (2003); Hoogenboom, NatureBiotechnol. 23: 1105-1116 (2005); Quiroz and Sinclair, Revista IngeneriaBiomedia 4: 39-51 (2010).

A “blocking” antibody or an “antagonist” antibody is one which inhibitsor reduces biological activity of the antigen it binds. For example,blocking antibodies or antagonist antibodies may substantially orcompletely inhibit the biological activity of the antigen.

An “agonist antibody” is an antibody that triggers a response, e.g., onethat mimics at least one of the functional activities of a polypeptideof interest (e.g., FGF19 or FGF21). An agonist antibody includes anantibody that is a ligand mimetic, for example, wherein a ligand bindsto a cell surface receptor and the binding induces cell signaling oractivities via an intercellular cell signaling pathway and wherein theantibody induces a similar cell signaling or activation.

An “agonist” of beta klotho refers to a molecule that is capable ofactivating or otherwise increasing one or more of the biologicalactivities of beta klotho, such as in a cell expressing beta klotho anda FGF receptor. In some embodiments, an agonist of beta klotho (e.g., anagonistic antibody as described herein) may, for example, act byactivating or otherwise increasing the activation and/or cell signalingpathways of a cell expressing a beta klotho protein and a FGF receptor,thereby increasing a beta klotho-mediated biological activity of thecell relative to the beta klotho-mediated biological activity in theabsence of agonist. In some embodiments the antibodies provided hereinare agonistic anti-beta klotho antibodies, including antibodies thatinduce FGF19-like signaling and/or FGF21-like signaling.

“Binding affinity” generally refers to the strength of the sum total ofnoncovalent interactions between a single binding site of a molecule(e.g., a binding protein such as an antibody) and its binding partner(e.g., an antigen). Unless indicated otherwise, as used herein, “bindingaffinity” refers to intrinsic binding affinity which reflects a 1:1interaction between members of a binding pair (e.g., antibody andantigen). The affinity of a binding molecule X for its binding partner Ycan generally be represented by the dissociation constant (K_(D)).Affinity can be measured by common methods known in the art, includingthose described herein. Low-affinity antibodies generally bind antigenslowly and tend to dissociate readily, whereas high-affinity antibodiesgenerally bind antigen faster and tend to remain bound longer. A varietyof methods of measuring binding affinity are known in the art, any ofwhich can be used for purposes of the present disclosure. Specificillustrative embodiments include the following. In one embodiment, the“K_(D)” or “K_(D) value” may be measured by assays known in the art, forexample by a binding assay. The K_(D) may be measured in a radiolabeledantigen binding assay (RIA), for example, performed with the Fab versionof an antibody of interest and its antigen (Chen, et al., (1999) J. MolBiol 293:865-881). The K_(D) or K_(D) value may also be measured byusing surface plasmon resonance assays by Biacore, using, for example, aBIAcore™-2000 or a BIAcore™-3000 BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, N.J.), or bybiolayer interferometry using, for example, the OctetQK384 system(ForteBio, Menlo Park, Calif.). An “on-rate” or “rate of association” or“association rate” or “kon” may can also be determined with the samesurface plasmon resonance or biolayer interferometry techniquesdescribed above using, for example, a BIAcore™-2000 or a BIAcore™-3000(BIAcore, Inc., Piscataway, N.J.), or the OctetQK384 system (ForteBio,Menlo Park, Calif.).

The phrase “substantially similar” or “substantially the same” denotes asufficiently high degree of similarity between two numeric values (e.g.,one associated with an antibody of the present disclosure and the otherassociated with a reference antibody) such that one of skill in the artwould consider the difference between the two values to be of little orno biological and/or statistical significance within the context of thebiological characteristic measured by the values (e.g., K_(D) values).For example, the difference between the two values may be less thanabout 50%, less than about 40%, less than about 30%, less than about20%, less than about 10%, less than about 5%, as a function of the valuefor the reference antibody.

The phrase “substantially reduced,” or “substantially different”, asused herein, denotes a sufficiently high degree of difference betweentwo numeric values (e.g., one associated with an antibody of the presentdisclosure and the other associated with a reference antibody) such thatone of skill in the art would consider the difference between the twovalues to be of statistical significance within the context of thebiological characteristic measured by the values. For example, thedifference between said two values may be preferably greater than about10%, greater than about 20%, greater than about 30%, greater than about40%, greater than about 50% as a function of the value for the referenceantibody.

Antibody “effector functions” refer to those biological activitiesattributable to the Fc region (e.g., a native sequence Fc region oramino acid sequence variant Fc region) of an antibody, and vary with theantibody isotype. Examples of antibody effector functions include: Cl qbinding and complement dependent cytotoxicity; Fc receptor binding;antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; downregulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptor); and B cellactivation.

The term “Fc region” herein is used to define a C-terminal region of animmunoglobulin heavy chain, including, for example, native sequence Fcregions, recombinant Fc regions, and variant Fc regions. Although theboundaries of the Fc region of an immunoglobulin heavy chain might vary,the human IgG heavy chain Fc region is often defined to stretch from anamino acid residue at position Cys226, or from Pro230, to thecarboxyl-terminus thereof. The C-terminal lysine (residue 447 accordingto the EU numbering system) of the Fc region may be removed, forexample, during production or purification of the antibody, or byrecombinantly engineering the nucleic acid encoding a heavy chain of theantibody. Accordingly, a composition of intact antibodies may compriseantibody populations with all K447 residues removed, antibodypopulations with no K447 residues removed, and antibody populationshaving a mixture of antibodies with and without the K447 residue.

A “functional Fc region” possesses an “effector function” of a nativesequence Fc region. Exemplary “effector functions” include Cl q binding;complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC); Fc receptor binding;antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC); phagocytosis; downregulation of cell surface receptors (e.g., B cell receptor; BCR), etc.Such effector functions generally require the Fc region to be combinedwith a binding region or binding domain (e.g., an antibody variableregion or domain) and can be assessed using various assays as disclosed.

A “native sequence Fc region” comprises an amino acid sequence identicalto the amino acid sequence of an Fc region found in nature, and notmanipulated, modified, and/or changed (e.g., isolated, purified,selected, including or combining with other sequences such as variableregion sequences) by a human. Native sequence human Fc regions include anative sequence human IgG1 Fc region (non-A and A allotypes); nativesequence human IgG2 Fc region; native sequence human IgG3 Fc region; andnative sequence human IgG4 Fc region as well as naturally occurringvariants thereof.

A “variant Fc region” comprises an amino acid sequence which differsfrom that of a native sequence Fc region by virtue of at least one aminoacid modification, (e.g., substituting, addition, or deletion)preferably one or more amino acid substitution(s). Preferably, thevariant Fc region has at least one amino acid substitution compared to anative sequence Fc region or to the Fc region of a parent polypeptide,for example, from about one to about ten amino acid substitutions, andpreferably from about one to about five amino acid substitutions in anative sequence Fc region or in the Fc region of the parent polypeptide.The variant Fc region herein will preferably possess at least about 80%homology with a native sequence Fc region and/or with an Fc region of aparent polypeptide, and more preferably at least about 90% homologytherewith, for example, at least about 95% homology therewith. Forexample, a variant with two amino acid changes to alanine at twopositions in the human IgG1 Fc sequence are shown bolded in the aminoacid sequence provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 316) ASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPALAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGKSuch a variant sequence may be used in humanized heavy chain constructssuch as shown below for a humanized 5H23-vH3 (see, e.g., Example 7)designated 5H23(vH3)-hIgG1(E233A)(L235A) as provided below; the aminoacids that make up the signal sequence are underlined and the variableregion sequence is bolded:

(SEQ ID NO: 317) mdmrvpaqllgllllwlrgarc QVQLQQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASGYTFTSYDINWVRQAPGQGLEWIGWIYPGDGSTKYNEKFKGKATITRDTSASTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYFCARSDYYGSRSFAYWGQGTLVTVSSASTKGPSVFPLAPSSKSTSGGTAALGCLVKDYFPEPVTVSWNSGALTSGVHTFPAVLQSSGLYSLSSVVTVPSSSLGTQTYICNVNHKPSNTKVDKKVEPKSCDKTHTCPPCPAPALAGGPSVFLFPPKPKDTLMISRTPEVTCVVVDVSHEDPEVKFNWYVDGVEVHNAKTKPREEQYNSTYRVVSVLTVLHQDWLNGKEYKCKVSNKALPAPIEKTISKAKGQPREPQVYTLPPSREEMTKNQVSLTCLVKGFYPSDIAVEWESNGQPENNYKTTPPVLDSDGSFFLYSKLTVDKSRWQQGNVFSCSVMHEALHNHYTQKSLSLSPGK

A “light chain constant region” includes kappa and lambda constantregions. An exemplary kappa constant region is provided below:

(SEQ ID NO: 318) RTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPV TKSFNRGECSuch a kappa constant region sequence may be used in humanized lightchain constructs such as shown below for a humanized 5H23-vL2 (see,e.g., Example 7) as provided below; the amino acids that make up thesignal sequence are underlined and the variable region sequence isbolded:

(SEQ ID NO: 319) mdmrvpaqllgllllwlrgarc DIVMTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINCRASKSVSTSGYVYMHWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASYLESGVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQAEDVAVYYCQHSRDLTFPFGGGTKLEIKRTVAAPSVFIFPPSDEQLKSGTASVVCLLNNFYPREAKVQWKVDNALQSGNSQESVTEQDSKDSTYSLSSTLTLSKADYEKHKVYACEVTHQGLSSPVTKSFNRGEC

The term “variant” when used in relation to beta klotho or to ananti-beta klotho antibody may refer to a peptide or polypeptidecomprising one or more (such as, for example, about 1 to about 25, about1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 to about 10, or about 1 toabout 5) amino acid sequence substitutions, deletions, and/or additionsas compared to a native or unmodified beta klotho sequence. For example,a beta klotho variant may result from one or more (such as, for example,about 1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1to about 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence ofa native beta klotho. Also by way of example, a variant of an anti-betaklotho antibody may result from one or more (such as, for example, about1 to about 25, about 1 to about 20, about 1 to about 15, about 1 toabout 10, or about 1 to about 5) changes to an amino acid sequence of anative or previously unmodified anti-beta klotho antibody. Variants maybe naturally occurring, such as allelic or splice variants, or may beartificially constructed. Polypeptide variants may be prepared from thecorresponding nucleic acid molecules encoding the variants. In specificembodiments, the beta klotho variant or anti-beta klotho antibodyvariant at least retains beta klotho or anti-beta klotho antibodyfunctional activity, respectively. In specific embodiments, an anti-betaklotho antibody variant binds beta klotho and/or is antagonistic to betaklotho activity. In specific embodiments, an anti-beta klotho antibodyvariant binds beta klotho and/or is agonistic to beta klotho activity.In certain embodiments, the variant is encoded by a single nucleotidepolymorphism (SNP) variant of a nucleic acid molecule that encodes betaklotho or anti-beta klotho antibody VH or VL regions or subregions, suchas one or more CDRs.

The term “vector” refers to a substance that is used to carry or includea nucleic acid sequences, including for example, in order to introduce anucleic acid sequence into a host cell. Vectors applicable for useinclude, for example, expression vectors, plasmids, phage vectors, viralvectors, episomes and artificial chromosomes, which can includeselection sequences or markers operable for stable integration into ahost cell's chromosome. Additionally, the vectors can include one ormore selectable marker genes and appropriate expression controlsequences. Selectable marker genes that can be included, for example,provide resistance to antibiotics or toxins, complement auxotrophicdeficiencies, or supply critical nutrients not in the culture media.Expression control sequences can include constitutive and induciblepromoters, transcription enhancers, transcription terminators, and thelike which are well known in the art. When two or more nucleic acidmolecules are to be co-expressed (e.g. both an antibody heavy and lightchain or an antibody VH and VL) both nucleic acid molecules can beinserted, for example, into a single expression vector or in separateexpression vectors. For single vector expression, the encoding nucleicacids can be operationally linked to one common expression controlsequence or linked to different expression control sequences, such asone inducible promoter and one constitutive promoter. The introductionof nucleic acid molecules into a host cell can be confirmed usingmethods well known in the art. Such methods include, for example,nucleic acid analysis such as Northern blots or polymerase chainreaction (PCR) amplification of mRNA, or immunoblotting for expressionof gene products, or other suitable analytical methods to test theexpression of an introduced nucleic acid sequence or its correspondinggene product. It is understood by those skilled in the art that thenucleic acid molecules are expressed in a sufficient amount to produce adesired product (e.g. an anti-beta klotho antibody as described herein),and it is further understood that expression levels can be optimized toobtain sufficient expression using methods well known in the art.

“Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity” or “ADCC” refers to aform of cytotoxicity in which secreted Ig bound onto Fc receptors (FcRs)present on certain cytotoxic cells (e.g., Natural Killer (NK) cells,neutrophils, and macrophages) enable these cytotoxic effector cells tobind specifically to an antigen-bearing target cell and subsequentlykill the target cell with cytotoxins. The antibodies “arm” the cytotoxiccells and are absolutely required for such killing. The primary cellsfor mediating ADCC, NK cells, express FcγRIII only, whereas monocytesexpress FcγRI, FcγRII and FcγRIII. FcR expression on hematopoietic cellsis known (see, e.g., Table 3, page 464, Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev.Immunol. 9:457-92 (1991)). To assess ADCC activity of a molecule ofinterest, an in vitro ADCC assay, (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,362 or5,821,337) may be performed. Useful effector cells for such assaysinclude peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and Natural Killer(NK) cells. Alternatively, or additionally, ADCC activity of themolecule of interest may be assessed in vivo, for example, in a animalmodel (see, e.g., Clynes et al. (USA) 95:652-656 (1998)). Antibodieswith little or no ADCC activity may be selected for use.

“Fc receptor” or “FcR” describes a receptor that binds to the Fc regionof an antibody. The preferred FcR is a native sequence human FcR.Moreover, a preferred FcR is one that binds an IgG antibody (e.g., agamma receptor) and includes receptors of the FcγRI, FcγRII and FcγRIIIsubclasses, including allelic variants and alternatively spliced formsof these receptors. FcγRII receptors include FcγRIIA (an “activatingreceptor”) and FcγRIIB (an “inhibiting receptor”), which have similaramino acid sequences that differ primarily in the cytoplasmic domainsthereof (see, e.g., review Daëron, Annu. Rev. Immunol. 15:203-234(1997)). FcRs are known (see, e.g., Ravetch and Kinet, Annu. Rev.Immunol. 9:457-492 (1991); Capel et al., Immunomethods 4:25-34 (1994);and de Haas et al., J. Lab. Clin. Med. 126:330-41 (1995)). Other FcRs,including those to be identified in the future, are encompassed by theterm “FcR” herein. The term also includes the neonatal receptor, FcRn,which is responsible for the transfer of maternal IgGs to the fetus(see, e.g., Guyer et al., J. Immunol. 117:587 (1976) and Kim et al., J.Immunol. 24:249 (1994)). Antibody variants with improved or diminishedbinding to FcRs have been described (see, e.g., in WO 2000/42072; U.S.Pat. Nos. 7,183,387, 7,332,581 and 7.335,742; Shields et al. J. Biol.Chem. 9(2):6591-6604 (2001)).

“Complement dependent cytotoxicity” or “CDC” refers to the lysis of atarget cell in the presence of complement. Activation of the classicalcomplement pathway is initiated by the binding of the first component ofthe complement system (Cl q) to antibodies (of the appropriate subclass)which are bound to their cognate antigen. To assess complementactivation, a CDC assay, (see, e.g., Gazzano-Santoro et al., J. Immunol.Methods 202:163 (1996)), may be performed. Polypeptide variants withaltered Fc region amino acid sequences (polypeptides with a variant Fcregion) and increased or decreased Cl q binding capability have beendescribed, (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,551, WO 1999/51642, Idusogieet al. J. Immunol. 164: 4178-4184 (2000)). Antibodies with little or noCDC activity may be selected for use.

A beta klotho polypeptide “extracellular domain” or “ECD” refers to aform of the beta klotho polypeptide that is essentially free of thetransmembrane and cytoplasmic domains. For example, a beta klothopolypeptide ECD may have less than 1% of such transmembrane and/orcytoplasmic domains and preferably, may have less than 0.5% of suchdomains. The term “identity” refers to a relationship between thesequences of two or more polypeptide molecules or two or more nucleicacid molecules, as determined by aligning and comparing the sequences.“Percent identity” means the percent of identical residues between theamino acids or nucleotides in the compared molecules and is calculatedbased on the size of the smallest of the molecules being compared. Forthese calculations, gaps in alignments (if any) must be addressed by aparticular mathematical model or computer program (e.g., an“algorithm”). Methods that can be used to calculate the identity of thealigned nucleic acids or polypeptides include those described inComputational Molecular Biology, (Lesk, A. M., ed.), (1988) New York:Oxford University Press; Biocomputing Informatics and Genome Projects,(Smith, D. W., ed.), 1993, New York: Academic Press; Computer Analysisof Sequence Data, Part I, (Griffin, A. M., and Griffin, H. G., eds.),1994, New Jersey: Humana Press; von Heinje, G., (1987) Sequence Analysisin Molecular Biology, New York: Academic Press; Sequence AnalysisPrimer, (Gribskov, M. and Devereux, J., eds.), 1991, New York: M.Stockton Press; and Carillo et al., (1988) SIAM J. Applied Math.48:1073.

In calculating percent identity, the sequences being compared may bealigned in a way that gives the largest match between the sequences.Computer program may be used to determine percent identity is the GCGprogram package, which includes GAP (Devereux et al., (1984) Nucl. AcidRes. 12:387; Genetics Computer Group, University of Wisconsin, Madison,Wis.). The computer algorithm GAP used to align the two polypeptides orpolynucleotides for which the percent sequence identity is to bedetermined. The sequences may be aligned for optimal matching of theirrespective amino acid or nucleotide (the “matched span”, as determinedby the algorithm). A gap opening penalty (which is calculated as3.times. the average diagonal, wherein the “average diagonal” is theaverage of the diagonal of the comparison matrix being used; the“diagonal” is the score or number assigned to each perfect amino acidmatch by the particular comparison matrix) and a gap extension penalty(which is usually 1/10 times the gap opening penalty), as well as acomparison matrix such as PAM 250 or BLOSUM 62 are used in conjunctionwith the algorithm. In certain embodiments, a standard comparison matrix(see, Dayhoff et al., (1978) Atlas of Protein Sequence and Structure5:345-352 for the PAM 250 comparison matrix; Henikoff et al., (1992)Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89:10915-10919 for the BLOSUM 62comparison matrix) is also used by the algorithm.

Exemplary parameters for determining percent identity for polypeptidesor nucleotide sequences using the GAP program are the following: (i)Algorithm: Needleman et al., 1970, J. Mol. Biol. 48:443-453; (ii)Comparison matrix: BLOSUM 62 from Henikoff et al., 1992, supra; (iii)Gap Penalty: 12 (but with no penalty for end gaps) (iv) Gap LengthPenalty: 4; and (v) Threshold of Similarity: 0.

Certain alignment schemes for aligning two amino acid sequences mayresult in matching of only a short region of the two sequences, and thissmall aligned region may have very high sequence identity even thoughthere is no significant relationship between the two full-lengthsequences. Accordingly, the selected alignment method (e.g., the GAPprogram) can be adjusted if so desired to result in an alignment thatspans a number of amino acids, for example, at least 50 contiguous aminoacids of the target polypeptide.

“Percent (%) amino acid sequence identity” with respect to a referencepolypeptide sequence is defined as the percentage of amino acid residuesin a candidate sequence that are identical with the amino acid residuesin the reference polypeptide sequence, after aligning the sequences andintroducing gaps, if necessary, to achieve the maximum percent sequenceidentity, and not considering any conservative substitutions as part ofthe sequence identity. Alignment for purposes of determining percentamino acid sequence identity can be achieved in various ways that arewithin the skill in the art, for instance, using publicly availablecomputer software such as BLAST, BLAST-2, ALIGN or Megalign (DNASTAR)software. Those skilled in the art can determine appropriate parametersfor aligning sequences, including any algorithms needed to achievemaximal alignment over the full length of the sequences being compared.

A “modification” of an amino acid residue/position refers to a change ofa primary amino acid sequence as compared to a starting amino acidsequence, wherein the change results from a sequence alterationinvolving said amino acid residue/positions. For example, typicalmodifications include substitution of the residue with another aminoacid (e.g., a conservative or non-conservative substitution), insertionof one or more (e.g., generally fewer than 5, 4 or 3) amino acidsadjacent to said residue/position, and/or deletion of saidresidue/position.

An “epitope” is the site on the surface of an antigen molecule to whicha single antibody molecule binds, such as a localized region on thesurface of an antigen, such as a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klothopolypeptide fragment or a beta klotho epitope, that is capable of beingbound to one or more antigen binding regions of an antibody, and thathas antigenic or immunogenic activity in an animal, such as a mammal(e.g., a human), that is capable of eliciting an immune response. Anepitope having immunogenic activity is a portion of a polypeptide thatelicits an antibody response in an animal. An epitope having antigenicactivity is a portion of a polypeptide to which an antibody binds asdetermined by any method well known in the art, including, for example,by an immunoassay. Antigenic epitopes need not necessarily beimmunogenic. Epitopes often consist of chemically active surfacegroupings of molecules such as amino acids or sugar side chains and havespecific three dimensional structural characteristics as well asspecific charge characteristics. The term, “epitope” specificallyincludes linear epitopes and conformational epitopes. A region of apolypeptide contributing to an epitope may be contiguous amino acids ofthe polypeptide or the epitope may come together from two or morenon-contiguous regions of the polypeptide. The epitope may or may not bea three-dimensional surface feature of the antigen. In certainembodiments, a beta klotho epitope is a three-dimensional surfacefeature of a beta klotho polypeptide. In other embodiments, a betaklotho epitope is linear feature of a beta klotho polypeptide. Generallyan antigen has several or many different epitopes and may react withmany different antibodies.

An antibody binds “an epitope” or “essentially the same epitope” or “thesame epitope” as a reference antibody, when the two antibodies recognizeidentical, overlapping or adjacent epitopes in a three-dimensionalspace. The most widely used and rapid methods for determining whethertwo antibodies bind to identical, overlapping or adjacent epitopes in athree-dimensional space are competition assays, which can be configuredin a number of different formats, for example, using either labeledantigen or labeled antibody. In some assays, the antigen is immobilizedon a 96-well plate, or expressed on a cell surface, and the ability ofunlabeled antibodies to block the binding of labeled antibodies ismeasured using radioactive, fluorescent or enzyme labels.

“Epitope mapping” is the process of identifying the binding sites, orepitopes, of antibodies on their target antigens. Antibody epitopes maybe linear epitopes or conformational epitopes. Linear epitopes areformed by a continuous sequence of amino acids in a protein.Conformational epitopes are formed of amino acids that are discontinuousin the protein sequence, but which are brought together upon folding ofthe protein into its three-dimensional structure. Induced epitopes areformed when the three dimensional structure of the protein is in analtered confirmation, such as following activation or binding of anotherprotein or ligand (e.g., the binding of beta klotho to an FCF receptorsuch as FGRFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, or FGFR4c.

“Epitope binning” is the process of grouping antibodies based on theepitopes they recognize. More particularly, epitope binning comprisesmethods and systems for discriminating the epitope recognitionproperties of different antibodies, using competition assays combinedwith computational processes for clustering antibodies based on theirepitope recognition properties and identifying antibodies havingdistinct binding specificities.

A “beta klotho-mediated disease” and “beta klotho-mediated disorder” and“beta klotho-mediated condition” are used interchangeably and refer toany disease, disorder or condition that is completely or partiallycaused by or is the result of beta klotho or the interaction of a betaklotho with an FGF receptor such as FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, or FGFR4and/or alternatively any disease, disorder, or condition in which it isdesirable to mimic or augment the in vivo effects of FGF19 and/or FGF21.

The term “therapeutically effective amount” as used herein refers to theamount of an agent (e.g., an antibody described herein or any otheragent described herein) that is sufficient to reduce and/or amelioratethe severity and/or duration of a given disease, disorder or condition,and/or a symptom related thereto. A therapeutically effective amount ofa agent, including a therapeutic agent, can be an amount necessary for(i) reduction or amelioration of the advancement or progression of agiven disease, disorder, or condition, (ii) reduction or amelioration ofthe recurrence, development or onset of a given disease, disorder orconditions, and/or (iii) to improve or enhance the prophylactic ortherapeutic effect of another therapy (e.g., a therapy other than theadministration of an antibody provided herein). A “therapeuticallyeffective amount” of a substance/molecule/agent of the presentdisclosure (e.g., an anti-beta klotho antibody) may vary according tofactors such as the disease state, age, sex, and weight of theindividual, and the ability of the substance/molecule/agent, to elicit adesired response in the individual. A therapeutically effective amountencompasses an amount in which any toxic or detrimental effects of thesubstance/molecule/agent are outweighed by the therapeuticallybeneficial effects. In certain embodiments, the term “therapeuticallyeffective amount” refers to an amount of an antibody or other agent(e.g., or drug) effective to “treat” a disease, disorder, or condition,in a subject or mammal.

An “effective amount” is generally an amount sufficient to reduce theseverity and/or frequency of symptoms, eliminate the symptoms and/orunderlying cause, prevent the occurrence of symptoms and/or theirunderlying cause, and/or improve or remediate the damage that resultsfrom or is associated with a disease, disorder, or condition, including,for example, diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease,metabolic syndrome or broadly any disease, disorder, or condition inwhich it is desirable to mimic or augment the in vivo effects of FGF19and/or FGF21. In some embodiments, the effective amount is atherapeutically effective amount or a prophylactically effective amount.A “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount sufficient to remedy adisease, disorder, or condition (e.g., Type 2 diabetes, obesity,dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome orbroadly any disease, disorder, or condition in which it is desirable tomimic or augment the in vivo effects of FGF19 and/or FGF21) or symptoms,particularly a disease, disorder, or condition, or symptoms associatedwith such a disease, disorder, or condition, or otherwise prevent,hinder, retard or reverse the progression of the disease, disorder, orcondition, or any other undesirable symptom associated with such adisease, disorder, or condition, in any way whatsoever. A“prophylactically effective amount” is an amount of a pharmaceuticalcomposition that, when administered to a subject, will have the intendedprophylactic effect, e.g., preventing or delaying the onset (orreoccurrence) of diabetes, obesity or dyslipidemia, or reducing thelikelihood of the onset (or reoccurrence) of a disease, disorder, orcondition or associated symptom(s), including, for example, diabetes,obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome orbroadly any disease, disorder, or condition in which it is desirable tomimic or augment the in vivo effects of FGF19 and/or FGF21) orassociated symptoms. The full therapeutic or prophylactic effect doesnot necessarily occur by administration of one dose, and may occur onlyafter administration of a series of doses. Thus, a therapeutically orprophylactically effective amount may be administered in one or moreadministrations.

A “prophylactically effective amount” refers to an amount effective, atdosages and for periods of time necessary, to achieve the desiredprophylactic result. Typically, but not necessarily, since aprophylactic dose is used in subjects prior to or at an earlier stage ofa disease, disorder, or condition, a prophylactically effective amountmay be less than a therapeutically effective amount.

“Chronic” administration refers to administration of the agent(s) in acontinuous mode (e.g., for a period of time such as days, weeks, monthsor years) as opposed to an acute mode, so as to maintain the initialtherapeutic effect (activity) for an extended period of time.“Intermittent” administration is treatment that is not consecutivelydone without interruption, but rather is cyclic in nature.

Administration “in combination with” one or more further therapeuticagents includes simultaneous (e.g., concurrent) and consecutiveadministration in any order. The term “in combination” in the context ofthe administration of other therapies (e.g., other agents) includes theuse of more than one therapy (e.g., one agent). The use of the term “incombination” does not restrict the order in which therapies areadministered to a subject. A first therapy (e.g., agent) can beadministered before (e.g., 1 minute, 15 minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes,1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5 hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours,12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72 hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 8 weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks,11 weeks, or 12 weeks), concurrently, or after (e.g., 1 minute, 15minutes, 30 minutes, 45 minutes, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 4 hours, 5hours, 6 hours, 7 hours, 8 hours, 12 hours, 24 hours, 48 hours, 72hours, 96 hours, 1 week, 2 weeks, 3 weeks, 4 weeks, 5 weeks, 6 weeks, 7weeks, 8 weeks, 9 weeks, 10 weeks, 11 weeks, or 12 weeks) theadministration of a second therapy (e.g., agent) to a subject which had,has, or is susceptible to a beta klotho-mediated disease.

Any additional therapy (e.g., agent) can be administered in any orderwith the other additional therapies (e.g., agents). In certainembodiments, the antibodies can be administered in combination with oneor more therapies such as agents (e.g., therapies, including agents,that are not the antibodies that are currently administered) to prevent,treat, manage, and/or ameliorate a beta klotho-mediated disease.Non-limiting examples of therapies (e.g., agents) that can beadministered in combination with an antibody include, for example,analgesic agents, anesthetic agents, antibiotics, or immunomodulatoryagents or any other agent listed in the U.S. Pharmacopoeia and/orPhysician's Desk Reference. Examples of agents useful in combinationtherapy include, but are not limited to, the following: non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) such as aspirin, ibuprofen, and otherpropionic acid derivatives (alminoprofen, benoxaprofen, bucloxic acid,carprofen, fenbufen, fenoprofen, fluprofen, flurbiprofen, indoprofen,ketoprofen, miroprofen, naproxen, oxaprozin, pirprofen, pranoprofen,suprofen, tiaprofenic acid, and tioxaprofen), acetic acid derivatives(indomethacin, acemetacin, alclofenac, clidanac, diclofenac,fenclofenac, fenclozic acid, fentiazac, fuirofenac, ibufenac, isoxepac,oxpinac, sulindac, tiopinac, tolmetin, zidometacin, and zomepirac),fenamic acid derivatives (flufenamic acid, meclofenamic acid, mefenamicacid, niflumic acid and tolfenamic acid), biphenylcarboxylic acidderivatives (diflunisal and flufenisal), oxicams (isoxicam, piroxicam,sudoxicam and tenoxican), salicylates (acetyl salicylic acid,sulfasalazine) and the pyrazolones (apazone, bezpiperylon, feprazone,mofebutazone, oxyphenbutazone, phenylbutazone). Other combinationsinclude cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. Other agents forcombination include steroids such as prednisolone, prednisone,methylprednisolone, betamethasone, dexamethasone, or hydrocortisone.Such a combination may be especially advantageous, since one or moreside-effects of the steroid can be reduced or even eliminated bytapering the steroid dose required when treating patients in combinationwith the present antibodies. Additional examples of agents forcombinations include cytokine suppressive anti-inflammatory drug(s)(CSAIDs), antibodies to or antagonists of other human cytokines orgrowth factors, for example, TNF, LT, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8,IL-15, IL-16, IL-18, EMAP-II, GM-CSF, FGF, or PDGF. Combinations ofagents may include TNF antagonists like chimeric, humanized or human TNFantibodies, REMICADE, anti-TNF antibody fragments (e.g., CDP870), andsoluble p55 or p75 TNF receptors, derivatives thereof, p75TNFRIgG(ENBREL®) or p55TNFR1gG (LENERCEPT®), soluble IL-13 receptor (sIL-13),and also TNFα converting enzyme (TACE) inhibitors; similarly IL-1inhibitors (e.g., Interleukin-1-converting enzyme inhibitors) may beeffective. Other combinations include Interleukin 11, anti-P7s andp-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL). Other examples of agents usefulin combination therapy include interferon-β1a (AVONEX); interferon-β1b(BETASERON®); copaxone; hyperbaric oxygen; intravenous immunoglobulin;clabribine; and antibodies to or antagonists of other human cytokines orgrowth factors (e.g., antibodies to CD40 ligand and CD80).

“Carriers” as used herein include pharmaceutically acceptable carriers,excipients, or stabilizers that are nontoxic to the cell or mammal beingexposed thereto at the dosages and concentrations employed. Often thephysiologically acceptable carrier is an aqueous pH buffered solution.Examples of physiologically acceptable carriers include buffers such asphosphate, citrate, and other organic acids; antioxidants includingascorbic acid; low molecular weight ((e.g., less than about 10 aminoacid residues) polypeptide; proteins, such as serum albumin, gelatin, orimmunoglobulins; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinylpyrrolidone;amino acids such as glycine, glutamine, asparagine, arginine or lysine;monosaccharides, disaccharides, and other carbohydrates includingglucose, mannose, or dextrins; chelating agents such as EDTA; sugaralcohols such as mannitol or sorbitol; salt-forming counterions such assodium; and/or nonionic surfactants such as TWEEN™, polyethylene glycol(PEG), and PLURONICS™. The term “carrier” can also refer to a diluent,adjuvant (e.g., Freund's adjuvant (complete or incomplete)), excipient,or vehicle with which the therapeutic is administered. Such carriers,including pharmaceutical carriers, can be sterile liquids, such as waterand oils, including those of petroleum, animal, vegetable or syntheticorigin, such as peanut oil, soybean oil, mineral oil, sesame oil and thelike. Water is a exemplary carrier when a composition (e.g., apharmaceutical composition) is administered intravenously. Salinesolutions and aqueous dextrose and glycerol solutions can also beemployed as liquid carriers, particularly for injectable solutions.Suitable excipients (e.g., pharmaceutical excipients) include starch,glucose, lactose, sucrose, gelatin, malt, rice, flour, chalk, silicagel, sodium stearate, glycerol monostearate, talc, sodium chloride,dried skim milk, glycerol, propylene, glycol, water, ethanol and thelike. The composition, if desired, can also contain minor amounts ofwetting or emulsifying agents, or pH buffering agents. Compositions cantake the form of solutions, suspensions, emulsion, tablets, pills,capsules, powders, sustained-release formulations and the like. Oralcompositions, including formulations, can include standard carriers suchas pharmaceutical grades of mannitol, lactose, starch, magnesiumstearate, sodium saccharine, cellulose, magnesium carbonate, etc.Examples of suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described inRemington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1990) Mack Publishing Co., Easton,Pa. Compositions, including pharmaceutical compounds, may contain aprophylactically or therapeutically effective amount of an anti-betaklotho antibody, for example, in isolated or purified form, togetherwith a suitable amount of carrier so as to provide the form for properadministration to the subject (e.g., patient). The formulation shouldsuit the mode of administration.

The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” as used herein means beingapproved by a regulatory agency of the Federal or a state government, orlisted in the U.S. Pharmacopeia, European Pharmacopeia or othergenerally recognized Pharmacopeia for use in animals, and moreparticularly in humans.

The term “pharmaceutical formulation” refers to a preparation which isin such form as to permit the biological activity of the activeingredient (e.g., an anti-beta klotho antibody) to be effective, andwhich contains no additional components which are unacceptably toxic toa subject to which the formulation would be administered. Suchformulation may be sterile.

A “sterile” formulation is aseptic or free from all livingmicroorganisms and their spores.

“Polyclonal antibodies” as used herein refers to an antibody populationgenerated in an immunogenic response to a protein having many epitopesand thus includes a variety of different antibodies directed to the sameand to different epitopes within the protein. Methods for producingpolyclonal antibodies are known in the art (See, e.g., Chapter 11 in:Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, (2002) 5th Ed., Ausubel et al.,eds., John Wiley and Sons, New York).

An “isolated nucleic acid” is a nucleic acid, for example, an RNA, DNA,or a mixed polymer, which is substantially separated from other genomeDNA sequences as well as proteins or complexes such as ribosomes andpolymerases, which naturally accompany a native sequence. An “isolated”nucleic acid molecule is one which is separated from other nucleic acidmolecules which are present in the natural source of the nucleic acidmolecule. Moreover, an “isolated” nucleic acid molecule, such as a cDNAmolecule, can be substantially free of other cellular material, orculture medium when produced by recombinant techniques, or substantiallyfree of chemical precursors or other chemicals when chemicallysynthesized. In a specific embodiment, one or more nucleic acidmolecules encoding an antibody as described herein are isolated orpurified. The term embraces nucleic acid sequences that have beenremoved from their naturally occurring environment, and includesrecombinant or cloned DNA isolates and chemically synthesized analoguesor analogues biologically synthesized by heterologous systems. Asubstantially pure molecule may include isolated forms of the molecule.

“Polynucleotide,” or “nucleic acid,” as used interchangeably herein,refer to polymers of nucleotides of any length, and include DNA and RNA.The nucleotides can be deoxyribonucleotides, ribonucleotides, modifiednucleotides or bases, and/or their analogs, or any substrate that can beincorporated into a polymer by DNA or RNA polymerase or by a syntheticreaction. A polynucleotide may comprise modified nucleotides, such asmethylated nucleotides and their analogs. “Oligonucleotide,” as usedherein, generally refers to short, generally single-stranded, generallysynthetic polynucleotides that are generally, but not necessarily, lessthan about 200 nucleotides in length. The terms “oligonucleotide” and“polynucleotide” are not mutually exclusive. The description above forpolynucleotides is equally and fully applicable to oligonucleotides. Acell that produces an anti-beta klotho antibody of the presentdisclosure may include a parent hybridoma cell, as well as bacterial andeukaryotic host cells into which nucleic acid encoding the antibodieshave been introduced. Suitable host cells are disclosed below.

Unless specified otherwise, the left-hand end of any single-strandedpolynucleotide sequence disclosed herein is the 5′ end; the left-handdirection of double-stranded polynucleotide sequences is referred to asthe 5′ direction. The direction of 5′ to 3′ addition of nascent RNAtranscripts is referred to as the transcription direction; sequenceregions on the DNA strand having the same sequence as the RNA transcriptthat are 5′ to the 5′ end of the RNA transcript are referred to as“upstream sequences;” sequence regions on the DNA strand having the samesequence as the RNA transcript that are 3′ to the 3′ end of the RNAtranscript are referred to as “downstream sequences.”

The term “package insert” is used to refer to instructions customarilyincluded in commercial packages of therapeutic products, that containinformation about the indications, usage, dosage, administration,contraindications and/or warnings concerning the use of such therapeuticproducts.

The terms “prevent,” “preventing,” and “prevention” refer to the totalor partial inhibition of the development, recurrence, onset or spread ofa beta klotho-mediated disease and/or symptom related thereto, resultingfrom the administration of a therapy or combination of therapiesprovided herein (e.g., a combination of prophylactic or therapeuticagents, such as an antibody provided herein).

The term “prophylactic agent” refers to any agent that can totally orpartially inhibit the development, recurrence, onset or spread of a betaklotho-mediated disease and/or symptom related thereto in a subject. Incertain embodiments, the term “prophylactic agent” refers to ananti-beta klotho antibody as described herein. In certain otherembodiments, the term “prophylactic agent” refers to an agent other thanan anti-beta klotho antibody as described herein. In certainembodiments, a prophylactic agent is an agent which is known to beuseful to or has been or is currently being used to prevent a betaklotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition, and/or a symptomrelated thereto or impede the onset, development, progression and/orseverity of a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition,and/or a symptom related thereto. In specific embodiments, theprophylactic agent is a humanized anti-beta klotho antibody, such as ahumanized anti-beta klotho monoclonal antibody.

In certain embodiments, a “prophylactically effective serum titer” isthe serum titer in a subject, preferably a human, that totally orpartially inhibits the development, recurrence, onset or spread of abeta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition, and/or symptomrelated thereto in the subject.

In certain embodiments, a “therapeutically effective serum titer” is theserum titer in a subject, preferably a human, that reduces the severity,the duration and/or the symptoms associated with a beta klotho-mediateddisease, disorder, or condition, in the subject.

The term “recombinant antibody” refers to an antibody that is prepared,expressed, created or isolated by recombinant means. Recombinantantibodies can be antibodies expressed using a recombinant expressionvector transfected into a host cell, antibodies isolated from arecombinant, combinatorial antibody library, antibodies isolated from ananimal (e.g., a mouse or cow) that is transgenic and/or transchromosomalfor human immunoglobulin genes (see, e.g., Taylor, L. D. et al. (1992)Nucl. Acids Res. 20:6287-6295) or antibodies prepared, expressed,created or isolated by any other means that involves splicing ofimmunoglobulin gene sequences to other DNA sequences. Such recombinantantibodies can have variable and constant regions, including thosederived from human germline immunoglobulin sequences (See Kabat, E. A.et al. (1991) Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, FifthEdition, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, NIH PublicationNo. 91-3242). In certain embodiments, however, such recombinantantibodies may be subjected to in vitro mutagenesis (or, when an animaltransgenic for human Ig sequences is used, in vivo somatic mutagenesis)and thus the amino acid sequences of the VH and VL regions of therecombinant antibodies are sequences that, while derived from andrelated to human germline VH and VL sequences, may not naturally existwithin the human antibody germline repertoire in vivo.

The term “serum titer” refers to an average serum titer in a subjectfrom multiple samples (e.g., at one time present or multiple timepoints) or in a population of least 10, such as at least 20, or at least40 subjects, up to about 100, 1000 or more.

The term “side effects” encompasses unwanted and/or adverse effects of atherapy (e.g., a prophylactic or therapeutic agent). Unwanted effectsare not necessarily adverse. An adverse effect from a therapy (e.g., aprophylactic or therapeutic agent) might be harmful or uncomfortable orrisky. Examples of side effects include, diarrhea, cough,gastroenteritis, wheezing, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, abdominalcramping, fever, pain, loss of body weight, dehydration, alopecia,dyspnea, insomnia, dizziness, mucositis, nerve and muscle effects,fatigue, dry mouth, and loss of appetite, rashes or swellings at thesite of administration, flu-like symptoms such as fever, chills andfatigue, digestive tract problems and allergic reactions. Additionalundesired effects experienced by patients are numerous and known in theart. Many are described in the Physician's Desk Reference (68th ed.,2014).

The terms “subject” and “patient” may be used interchangeably. As usedherein, in certain embodiments, a subject is a mammal, such as anon-primate (e.g., cows, pigs, horses, cats, dogs, rats, etc.) or aprimate (e.g., monkey and human). In specific embodiments, the subjectis a human. In one embodiment, the subject is a mammal (e.g., a human)having a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder or condition. In anotherembodiment, the subject is a mammal (e.g., a human) at risk ofdeveloping a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or condition.

“Substantially all” refers to refers to at least about 60%, at leastabout 65%, at least about 70%, at least about 75%, at least about 80%,at least about 85%, at least about 90%, at least about 95%, at leastabout 98%, at least about 99%, or about 100%.

The term “therapeutic agent” refers to any agent that can be used intreating, preventing or alleviating a disease, disorder or condition,including in the treatment, prevention or alleviation of one or moresymptoms of a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or conditionand/or a symptom related thereto. In certain embodiments, a therapeuticagent refers to an anti-beta klotho antibody as described herein. Incertain other embodiments, a therapeutic agent refers to an agent otherthan an antibody provided herein. In certain embodiments, a therapeuticagent is an agent which is known to be useful for, or has been or iscurrently being used for the treatment, prevention or alleviation of oneor more symptoms of a beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, orcondition, or a symptom related thereto.

The combination of therapies (e.g., use of agents, including therapeuticagents) can be more effective than the additive effects of any two ormore single therapy (e.g., synergistic). A synergetic effect isunexpected and can not be predicted. For example, a synergistic effectof a combination of therapeutic agents permits the use of lower dosagesof one or more of the agents and/or less frequent administration of theagents to a subject with a beta klotho-mediated disease. The ability toutilize lower dosages of therapeutic therapies and/or to administer thetherapies less frequently reduces the toxicity associated with theadministration of the therapies to a subject without reducing theefficacy of the therapies in the prevention, treatment or alleviation ofone or more symptom of a beta klotho-mediated disease. In addition, asynergistic effect can result in improved efficacy of therapies in theprevention, treatment or alleviation of one or more symptom of a betaklotho-mediated disease. Finally, synergistic effect of a combination oftherapies (e.g., therapeutic agents) may avoid or reduce adverse orunwanted side effects associated with the use of any single therapy.

The term “therapy” refers to any protocol, method and/or agent that canbe used in the prevention, management, treatment and/or amelioration ofa beta klotho-mediated disease, disorder, or conditions. In certainembodiments, the terms “therapies” and “therapy” refer to a biologicaltherapy, supportive therapy, and/or other therapies useful in theprevention, management, treatment and/or amelioration of a betaklotho-mediated disease, disorder or condition, known to one of skill inthe art such as medical personnel.

The term “detectable probe” refers to a composition that provides adetectable signal. The term includes, without limitation, anyfluorophore, chromophore, radiolabel, enzyme, antibody or antibodyfragment, and the like, that provide a detectable signal via itsactivity.

The term “diagnostic agent” refers to a substance administered to asubject that aids in the diagnosis of a disease, disorder, orconditions. Such substances can be used to reveal, pinpoint, and/ordefine the localization of a disease causing process. In certainembodiments, a diagnostic agent includes a substance that is conjugatedto an anti-beta klotho antibody as described herein, that whenadministered to a subject or contacted to a sample from a subject aidsin the diagnosis a beta klotho-mediated disease.

The term “detectable agent” refers to a substance that can be used toascertain the existence or presence of a desired molecule, such as ananti-beta klotho antibody as described herein, in a sample or subject. Adetectable agent can be a substance that is capable of being visualizedor a substance that is otherwise able to be determined and/or measured(e.g., by quantitation).

The term “encode” or grammatical equivalents thereof as it is used inreference to nucleic acid molecule refers to a nucleic acid molecule inits native state or when manipulated by methods well known to thoseskilled in the art that can be transcribed to produce mRNA, which isthen translated into a polypeptide and/or a fragment thereof. Theantisense strand is the complement of such a nucleic acid molecule, andthe encoding sequence can be deduced therefrom.

The term “excipient” refers to an inert substance which is commonly usedas a diluent, vehicle, preservative, binder, or stabilizing agent, andincludes, but not limited to, proteins (e.g., serum albumin, etc.),amino acids (e.g., aspartic acid, glutamic acid, lysine, arginine,glycine, histidine, etc.), fatty acids and phospholipids (e.g., alkylsulfonates, caprylate, etc.), surfactants (e.g., SDS, polysorbate,nonionic surfactant, etc.), saccharides (e.g., sucrose, maltose,trehalose, etc.) and polyols (e.g., mannitol, sorbitol, etc.). See,also, Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1990) Mack Publishing Co.,Easton, Pa., which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

In the context of a peptide or polypeptide, the term “fragment” as usedherein refers to a peptide or polypeptide that comprises less than thefull length amino acid sequence. Such a fragment may arise, for example,from a truncation at the amino terminus, a truncation at the carboxyterminus, and/or an internal deletion of a residue(s) from the aminoacid sequence. Fragments may, for example, result from alternative RNAsplicing or from in vivo protease activity. In certain embodiments, betaklotho fragments include polypeptides comprising an amino acid sequenceof at least 5 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 10 contiguousamino acid residues, at least 15 contiguous amino acid residues, atleast 20 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 25 contiguous aminoacid residues, at least 40 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 50contiguous amino acid residues, at least 60 contiguous amino residues,at least 70 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 80 contiguous aminoacid residues, at least 90 contiguous amino acid residues, at leastcontiguous 100 amino acid residues, at least 125 contiguous amino acidresidues, at least 150 contiguous amino acid residues, at least 175contiguous amino acid residues, at least 200 contiguous amino acidresidues, at least 250, at least 300, at least 350, at least 400, atleast 450, at least 500, at least 550, at least 600, at least 650, atleast 700, at least 750, at least 800, at least 850, at least 900, or atleast 950, contiguous amino acid residues of the amino acid sequence ofa beta klotho polypeptide or an antibody that binds to a beta klothopolypeptide. In a specific embodiment, a fragment of a beta klothopolypeptide or an antibody that binds to a beta klotho antigen retainsat least 1, at least 2, or at least 3 or more functions of thepolypeptide or antibody.

The terms “manage,” “managing,” and “management” refer to the beneficialeffects that a subject derives from a therapy (e.g., a prophylactic ortherapeutic agent), which does not result in a cure of the disease. Incertain embodiments, a subject is administered one or more therapies(e.g., prophylactic or therapeutic agents, such as an antibody providedherein) to “manage” a beta klotho-mediated disease, one or more symptomsthereof, so as to prevent the progression or worsening of the disease.

The terms “about” or “approximately” mean within 20%, within 15%, within10%, within 9%, within 8%, within 7%, within 6%, within 5%, within 4%,within 3%, within 2%, within or 1% or less of a given value or range.

“Administer” or “administration” refers to the act of injecting orotherwise physically delivering a substance as it exists outside thebody (e.g., an anti-beta klotho antibody as described herein) into apatient, such as by mucosal, intradermal, intravenous, intramusculardelivery and/or any other method of physical delivery described hereinor known in the art. When a disease, disorder, or condition, or asymptom thereof, is being treated, administration of the substancetypically occurs after the onset of the disease, disorder, or condition,or symptoms thereof. When a disease, disorder, or condition or symptomsthereof, are being prevented, administration of the substance typicallyoccurs before the onset of the disease, disorder, or condition, orsymptoms thereof.

In the context of a polypeptide, the term “analog” as used herein refersto a polypeptide that possesses a similar or identical function as abeta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or ananti-beta klotho antibody but does not necessarily comprise a similar oridentical amino acid sequence of a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragmentof a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibody, orpossess a similar or identical structure of a beta klotho polypeptide, afragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibody.A polypeptide that has a similar amino acid sequence refers to apolypeptide that satisfies at least one of the following: (a) apolypeptide having an amino acid sequence that is at least 30%, at least35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or at least 99% identical to the aminoacid sequence of a beta klotho polypeptide (e.g., SEQ ID NO:297, afragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibodydescribed herein; (b) a polypeptide encoded by a nucleotide sequencethat hybridizes under stringent conditions to a nucleotide sequenceencoding a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klothopolypeptide, or an anti-beta klotho antibody (or VH or VL regionthereof) described herein of at least 5 amino acid residues, at least 10amino acid residues, at least 15 amino acid residues, at least 20 aminoacid residues, at least 25 amino acid residues, at least 40 amino acidresidues, at least 50 amino acid residues, at least 60 amino residues,at least 70 amino acid residues, at least 80 amino acid residues, atleast 90 amino acid residues, at least 100 amino acid residues, at least125 amino acid residues, or at least 150 amino acid residues (see, e.g.,Sambrook et al. (2001) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, ColdSpring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.; Maniatis etal. (1982) Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring HarborPress, Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y.); and (c) a polypeptide encoded by anucleotide sequence that is at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, atleast 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, atleast 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, atleast 95%, or at least 99% identical to the nucleotide sequence encodinga beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, oran anti-beta klotho antibody (or VH or VL region thereof) describedherein. A polypeptide with similar structure to a beta klothopolypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or an anti-betaklotho antibody described herein refers to a polypeptide that has asimilar secondary, tertiary or quaternary structure of a beta klothopolypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho, or a beta klotho antibodydescribed herein. The structure of a polypeptide can determined bymethods known to those skilled in the art, including but not limited to,X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, and crystallographicelectron microscopy.

The term “composition” is intended to encompass a product containing thespecified ingredients (e.g., an antibody provided herein) in,optionally, the specified amounts, as well as any product which results,directly or indirectly, from combination of the specified ingredientsin, optionally, the specified amounts.

In the context of a polypeptide, the term “derivative” as used hereinrefers to a polypeptide that comprises an amino acid sequence of a betaklotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or anantibody that binds to a beta klotho polypeptide which has been alteredby the introduction of amino acid residue substitutions, deletions oradditions. The term “derivative” as used herein also refers to a betaklotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or anantibody that binds to a beta klotho polypeptide which has beenchemically modified, e.g., by the covalent attachment of any type ofmolecule to the polypeptide. For example, but not by way of limitation,a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide, or abeta klotho antibody may be chemically modified, e.g., by glycosylation,acetylation, pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization byknown protecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to acellular ligand or other protein, etc. The derivatives are modified in amanner that is different from naturally occurring or starting peptide orpolypeptides, either in the type or location of the molecules attached.Derivatives further include deletion of one or more chemical groupswhich are naturally present on the peptide or polypeptide. A derivativeof a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klotho polypeptide,or a beta klotho antibody may be chemically modified by chemicalmodifications using techniques known to those of skill in the art,including, but not limited to specific chemical cleavage, acetylation,formulation, metabolic synthesis of tunicamycin, etc. Further, aderivative of a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a beta klothopolypeptide, or a beta klotho antibody may contain one or morenon-classical amino acids. A polypeptide derivative possesses a similaror identical function as a beta klotho polypeptide, a fragment of a betaklotho polypeptide, or a beta klotho antibody described herein.

Compositions and Methods of Making the Same

Binding proteins such as antibodies that bind to beta klotho (e.g.,human and/or cyno beta klotho) are provided. Antibodies of the presentdisclosure are useful, for example, for the diagnosis or treatment ofdiseases, disorders, or conditions associated with expression, of betaklotho. In certain embodiments, antibodies of the present disclosure areuseful for the diagnosis or treatment of a diseases, disorder, orcondition, such as Type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH,cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome or broadly any disease,disorder, or condition in which it is desirable to mimic or augment thein vivo effects of FGF19 and/or FGF21.

Provided herein are antibodies that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, abeta klotho polypeptide fragment, beta klotho peptide, or a beta klothoepitope. In some embodiments, the anti-beta klotho antibodies bind tothe extracellular domain (ECD) of beta klotho. Also provided areantibodies that competitively block an anti-beta klotho antibodyprovided herein from binding to a beta klotho polypeptide. The anti-betaklotho antibodies provided herein can also be conjugated orrecombinantly fused to a diagnostic agent, detectable agent ortherapeutic agent. Further provided are compositions comprising an betaklotho antibody.

Also provided herein are isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding animmunoglobulin heavy chain, light chain, VH region, VL region, VH CDR1,VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of anti-beta klothoantibodies that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klothopolypeptide fragment, a beta klotho peptide or a beta klotho epitope.Further provided are vectors and host cells comprising nucleic acidmolecules encoding anti-beta klotho antibodies that bind to a betaklotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, a beta klothopeptide or a beta klotho epitope. Also provided are methods of makingantibodies that bind to a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klothopolypeptide fragment, a beta klotho peptide or a beta klotho epitope.

Methods of using the anti-beta klotho antibodies are provided. Themethods include treating, preventing or alleviating a disease, disorderor condition, including treating, preventing or alleviating one or moresymptoms of a disease, disorder or condition in a subject. Non limitingexamples of diseases, disorders, or conditions include glucoseutilization disorders and the sequelae associated therewith, includingdiabetes mellitus (Type I and Type-2), gestational diabetes,hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, abnormal glucose metabolism,“pre-diabetes” (Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) or Impaired GlucoseTolerance (IGT)), or other physiological disorders associated with, orthat result from, the hyperglycemic condition, including, for example,histopathological changes such as pancreatic β-cell destruction. Forexample subjects with a diseases, disorders, or condition, in need oftreatment may have a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level greater thanabout 100 mg/dl. Other hyperglycemic-related disorders, include kidneydamage (e.g., tubule damage or nephropathy), liver degeneration, eyedamage (e.g., diabetic retinopathy or cataracts), and diabetic footdisorders. Other of diseases, disorders, or conditions includedyslipidemias and their sequelae such as, for example, atherosclerosis,coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disorders and the like or otherof diseases, disorders, or conditions which may be associated with themetabolic syndrome, such as obesity and elevated body mass (includingthe co-morbid conditions thereof such as, but not limited to,nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH), and polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS)), or thromboses,hypercoagulable and prothrombotic states (arterial and venous),hypertension, cardiovascular disease, stroke and heart failure. Thesediseases, disorders, or conditions include atherosclerosis, chronicinflammatory bowel diseases (e.g., Crohn's disease and ulcerativecolitis), asthma, lupus erythematosus, arthritis, or other inflammatoryrheumatic disorders. Other diseases, disorders, or conditions includeadipose cell tumors, lipomatous carcinomas including, for example,liposarcomas, solid tumors, and neoplasms. Other diseases, disorders, orconditions include neurodegenerative diseases and/or demyelinatingdisorders of the central and peripheral nervous systems and/orneurological diseases involving neuroinflammatory processes and/or otherperipheral neuropathies, including Alzheimer's disease, multiplesclerosis, Parkinson's disease, progressive multifocalleukoencephalopathy and Guillain-Barre syndrome. Other diseases,disorders, or conditions include skin and dermatological disordersand/or disorders of wound healing processes, includingerythemato-squamous dermatoses. Other diseases, disorders, or conditionsinclude syndrome X, osteoarthritis, and acute respiratory distresssyndrome. As used herein, the term “hyperglycemic” or “hyperglycemia,”when used in reference to a disease, disorder, or condition of a subjectrefers to a transient or chronic abnormally high level of glucosepresent in the blood of a subject. The disease, disorder, or conditionmay be caused by a delay in glucose metabolism or absorption such thatthe subject exhibits glucose intolerance or a state of elevated glucosenot typically found in normal subjects (e.g., in glucose-intolerantpre-diabetic subjects at risk of developing diabetes, or in diabeticsubjects). For example, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels fornormoglycemia may be less than about 100 mg/dl, for impaired glucosemetabolism, between about 100 and 126 mg/dl, and for diabetics greaterthan about 126 mg/dl. Methods of preventing (e.g., in subjectspredisposed to having a particular disorder(s)), relate to delaying,slowing or inhibiting progression of, the onset of, or treating (e.g.,ameliorating) obesity or an undesirable body mass (e.g., a greater thannormal body mass index, or “BMI” relative to an appropriate matchedsubject of comparable age, gender, race, etc.). Methods of treatingobesity or an undesirable body mass (including the co-morbid conditionsof obesity, for example, obstructive sleep apnea, arthritis, cancer(e.g., breast, endometrial, and colon), gallstones or hyperglycemia,include contacting or administering a binding protein such as ananti-beta klotho antibody as described herein in an amount effective totreat obesity or an undesirable body mass. For example, a subject mayhave a body mass index greater than 25, for example, 25-30, 30-35,35-40, or greater than 40. Methods of preventing (e.g., in subjectspredisposed to having a particular disorder(s)), relate to delaying,slowing or inhibiting the progression of, the onset of, or treatingundesirable levels or abnormally elevated serum/plasma LDL, VLDL,triglycerides or cholesterol, all of which, alone or in combination, canlead to, for example, plaque formation, narrowing or blockage of bloodvessels, and increased risk of hypertension, stroke and coronary arterydisease. Such diseases, disorders, or conditions may be due to, forexample, genetic predisposition or diet.

Anti-Beta Klotho Antibodies

In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides anti-beta klothoantibodies that may find use herein as therapeutic agents. Exemplaryantibodies include polyclonal, monoclonal, humanized, human, bispecific,and heteroconjugate antibodies, as well as variants thereof havingimproved affinity or other properties.

In some embodiments, provided herein are antibodies that bind to betaklotho, including a beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptidefragment, a beta klotho peptide or a beta klotho epitope. In someembodiments the anti-beta klotho antibodies are humanized antibodies(e.g., comprising human constant regions) that bind beta klotho,including beta klotho polypeptide, a beta klotho polypeptide fragment, abeta klotho peptide or a beta klotho epitope.

In certain embodiments, the anti-beta klotho antibody comprises a VHregion, VL region, VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and/orVL CDR3 of any one of the murine monoclonal antibodies described herein,such as an amino acid sequence depicted in Tables 1-10. Accordingly, insome embodiments, the isolated antibody or functional fragment thereofprovided herein comprises one, two, and/or three heavy chain CDRs and/orone, two, and/or three light chain CDRs from: (a) the antibodydesignated 5H23; (b) the antibody designated 1017; (c) the antibodydesignated 1D19, (d) the antibody designated 2L12; (e) the antibodydesignated 3L3; (f) the antibody designated 3N20; (g) the antibodydesignated 4P5; (h) the antibody designated 5023; (i) the antibodydesignated 5F7; (j) the antibody designated 1G19, as shown in Tables1-10.

The antibody designated 5H23 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:25 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:26.

The antibody designated 1017 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:51 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:52.

The antibody designated 1D19 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:77 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:78.

The antibody designated 2L12 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:103 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:104.

The antibody designated 3L3 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:129 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:130.

The antibody designated 3N20 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:155 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:156.

The antibody designated 4P5 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:181 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:182.

The antibody designated 5023 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:207 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:208.

The antibody designated 5F7 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:233 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:234.

The antibody designated IG19 comprises a VH sequence that is SEQ IDNO:259 and a VL sequence that is SEQ ID NO:260.

TABLE 1 Antibody 5H23 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYTFTSYDIN GYTFTSYD SYDIN GYTFTSY TSYDIN GYTFTSYDINSeq. (SEQ ID NO: 1) (SEQ ID NO: 7) (SEQ ID NO: 12) (SEQ ID NO: 13)(SEQ ID NO: 18) (SEQ ID NO: 1) VH CDR2 WIYPGDGSTKYNEKFKG IYPGDGSTWIYPGDGSTKYNEKFKG PGDG WIGWIYPGDGSTK WIYPGDGSTK (SEQ ID NO: 2)(SEQ ID NO: 8) (SEQ ID NO: 2) (SEQ ID NO: 14) (SEQ ID NO: 19)(SEQ ID NO: 24) VH CDR3 SDYYGSRSFAY ARSDYYGSRSFAY SDYYGSRSFAY DYYGSRSFAARSDYYGSRSFA SDYYGSRSFAY (SEQ ID NO: 3) (SEQ ID NO: 9) (SEQ ID NO: 3)(SEQ ID NO: 15) (SEQ ID NO: 20) (SEQ ID NO: 3) VL CDR VL CDR1RASKSVSTSGYVYMH KSVSTSGYVY RASKSVSTSGYVYMH SKSVSTSGYVY STSGYVYMHWNRASKSVSTSGYVYMH Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 4) (SEQ ID NO: 10) (SEQ ID NO: 4)(SEQ ID NO: 16) (SEQ ID NO: 21) (SEQ ID NO: 4) VL CDR2 LASYLES LASLASYLES LAS LLIYLASYLE LASYLES (SEQ ID NO: 5) (SEQ ID NO: 11)(SEQ ID NO: 5) (SEQ ID NO: 11) (SEQ ID NO: 22) (SEQ ID NO: 5) VL CDR3QHSRDLTFP QHSRDLTFP QHSRDLTFP SRDLTF QHSRDLTF QHSRDLTFP (SEQ ID NO: 6)(SEQ ID NO: 6) (SEQ ID NO: 6) (SEQ ID NO: 17) (SEQ ID NO: 23)(SEQ ID NO: 6) VH Sequence: QVQLQQSGPELVKPGALVKISCKASGYTFTSYDINWVKQRPGQGLEWIGWIYPGDGSTKYNEKFKGKATLTADKSSRTAYMQLSSLTSENSAVYFCARSDYYGSRSFAYWGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO:  25) VL Sequence: DIVLTQSPASLAVSLGQRATISCRASKSVSTSGYVYMHWNQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASYLESGVPARFSGSGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAAIYYCQHSRDLTFPFGGGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 26)

TABLE 2 Antibody 1C17 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYSITSGYYWN GYSITSGYY SGYYWN GYSITSGY TSGYYWNGYSITSGYYWN Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 27) (SEQ ID NO: 33) (SEQ ID NO: 38)(SEQ ID NO: 39) (SEQ ID NO: 44) (SEQ ID NO: 27) VH CDR2 YINYDGNSNYTPSLKNINYDGNS YINYDGNSNYTPSLKN YDG WMGYINYDGNSN YINYDGNSN (SEQ ID NO: 28)(SEQ ID NO: 34) (SEQ ID NO: 28) (SEQ ID NO: 40) (SEQ ID NO: 45)(SEQ ID NO: 50) VH CDR3 KGAYYSNYDSFDV ARKGAYYSNYDSFDV KGAYYSNYDSFDVGAYYSNYDSFD ARKGAYYSNYDSFD KGAYYSNYDSFDV (SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 35)(SEQ ID NO: 29) (SEQ ID NO: 41) (SEQ ID NO: 46) (SEQ ID NO: 29) VL CDRVL CDR1 KASQDINSYLS QDINSY KASQDINSYLS SQDINSY NSYLSWV KASQDINSYLS Seq.(SEQ ID NO: 30) (SEQ ID NO: 36) (SEQ ID NO: 30) (SEQ ID NO: 42)(SEQ ID NO: 47) (SEQ ID NO: 30) VL CDR2 RANRLVD RAN RANRLVD RANTLIYRANRLV RANRLVD (SEQ ID NO: 31) (SEQ ID NO: 37) (SEQ ID NO: 31)(SEQ ID NO: 37) (SEQ ID NO: 48) (SEQ ID NO: 31) VL CDR3 LQYDEFPFTLQYDEFPFT LQYDEFPFT YDEFPF LQYDEFPF LQYDEFPFT (SEQ ID NO: 32)(SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 32) (SEQ ID NO: 43) (SEQ ID NO: 49)(SEQ ID NO: 32) VH Sequence: QVQLQESGPGLVKPSQSLSLTCSVTGYSITSGYYWNWIRQFPGNKLEWMGYINYDGNSNYTPSLKNRISITRDTSKNQFFLKLNSVTPEDTATYYCARKGAYYSNYDSFDVWGTGTTVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 51) VL Sequence: DIKMTQSPSSMYASLGERVTITCKASQDINSYLSWVQQKPGKSPKTLIYRANRLVDGVPSRFSGSGSGQDYSLTISSLEYEDMGIYYCLQYDEFPFTFGSGTKLEIK(SEQ ID NO: 52)

TABLE 3 Antibody 1D19 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYTFTRYDIN GYTFTRYD RYDIN GYTFTRY TRYDIN GYTFTRYDINSeq. (SEQ ID NO: 53) (SEQ ID NO: 59) (SEQ ID NO: 64) (SEQ ID NO: 65)(SEQ ID NO: 70) (SEQ ID NO: 53) VH CDR2 WIYPGDSSTKFNENFKD IYPGDSSTWIYPGDSSTKFNENFKD PGDS WIGWIYPGDSSTK WIYPGDSSTK (SEQ ID NO: 54)(SEQ ID NO: 60) (SEQ ID NO: 54) (SEQ ID NO: 66) (SEQ ID NO: 71)(SEQ ID NO: 76) VH CDR3 SDYYGSRSFTY ARSDYYGSRSFTY SDYYGSRSFTY DYYGSRSFTARSDYYGSRSFT SDYYGSRSFTY (SEQ ID NO: 55) (SEQ ID NO: 61) (SEQ ID NO: 55)(SEQ ID NO: 67) (SEQ ID NO: 72) (SEQ ID NO: 55) VL CDR VL CDR1RASKSVSTSGYSYMH KSVSTSGYSY RASKSVSTSGYSYMH SKSVSTSGYSY STSGYSYMHWYRASKSVSTSGYSYMH Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 56) (SEQ ID NO: 62) (SEQ ID NO: 56)(SEQ ID NO: 68) (SEQ ID NO: 73) (SEQ ID NO: 56) VL CDR2 LASNLES LASLASNLES LAS LLIYLASNLE LASNLES (SEQ ID NO: 57) (SEQ ID NO: 63)(SEQ ID NO: 57) (SEQ ID NO: 63) (SEQ ID NO: 74) (SEQ ID NO: 57) VL CDR3QHSRELPYT QHSRELPYT QHSRELPYT SRELPY QHSRELPY QHSRELPYT (SEQ ID NO: 58)(SEQ ID NO: 58) (SEQ ID NO: 58) (SEQ ID NO: 69) (SEQ ID NO: 75)(SEQ ID NO: 58) VH Sequence: QVQPQESGPELVKPGALVKISCKASGYTFTRYDINWMKQRPGQGLEWIGWIYPGDSSTKFNENFKDKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSENSTVYFCARSDYYGSRSFTYWGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 77) VL Sequence: DIVLTQSPASLAVSLGQRATISCRASKSVSTSGYSYMHWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASNLESGVPARFSGSGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAATYYCQHSRELPYTFGGGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 78)

TABLE 4 Antibody 2L12 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYTFTRYDIN GYTFTRYD RYDIN GYTFTRY TRYDIN GYTFTRYDINSeq. (SEQ ID NO: 79) (SEQ ID NO: 85) (SEQ ID NO: 90) (SEQ ID NO: 91)(SEQ ID NO: 96) (SEQ ID NO: 79) VH CDR2 WIYPGDDSTKYNEKFKG IYPGDDSTWIYPGDDSTKYNEKFKG PGDD WIGWIYPGDDSTK WIYPGDDSTK (SEQ ID NO: 80)(SEQ ID NO: 86) (SEQ ID NO: 80) (SEQ ID NO: 92) (SEQ ID NO: 97)(SEQ ID NO: 102) VH CDR3 SDYYGSRSFVY ARSDYYGSRSFVY SDYYGSRSFVY DYYGSRSFVARSDYYGSRSFV SDYYGSRSFVY (SEQ ID NO: 81) (SEQ ID NO: 87) (SEQ ID NO: 81)(SEQ ID NO: 93) (SEQ ID NO: 98) (SEQ ID NO: 81) VL CDR VL CDR1RASKSVSTSGYSYLH KSVSTSGYSY RASKSVSTSGYSYLH SKSVSTSGYSY STSGYSYLHWYRASKSVSTSGYSYLH Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 82) (SEQ ID NO: 88) (SEQ ID NO: 82)(SEQ ID NO: 94) (SEQ ID NO: 99) (SEQ ID NO: 82) VL CDR2 LASNLES LASLASNLES LAS LLIYLASNLE LASNLES (SEQ ID NO: 83) (SEQ ID NO: 89)(SEQ ID NO: 83) (SEQ ID NO: 89) (SEQ ID NO: 100) (SEQ ID NO: 83) VL CDR3QHSGELPYT QHSGELPYT QHSGELPYT SGELPY QHSGELPY QHSGELPYT (SEQ ID NO: 84)(SEQ ID NO: 84) (SEQ ID NO: 84) (SEQ ID NO: 95) (SEQ ID NO: 101)(SEQ ID NO: 84) VH Sequence: QVQLQQSGPELVKPGALVKISCKASGYTFTRYDINWVKKRPGQGLEWIGWIYPGDDSTKYNEKFKGKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSENSAVYFCARSDYYGSRSFVYWGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 103) VL Sequence: DIVLTQSPASLPVSLGQRATISCRASKSVSTSGYSYLHWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASNLESGVPARFSGSGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAATYYCQHSGELPYTFGGGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 104)

TABLE 5 Antibody 3L3 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYTFTSYDIN GYTFTSYD SYDIN GYTFTSY TSYDIN GYTFTSYDINSeq. (SEQ ID NO: 105) (SEQ ID NO: 111) (SEQ ID NO: 116) (SEQ ID NO: 117)(SEQ ID NO: 122) (SEQ ID NO: 105) VH CDR2 WIYPGDGSPKYDEKFKG IYPGDGSPWIYPGDGSPKYDEKFKG PGDG WIGWIYPGDGSPK WIYPGDGSPK (SEQ ID NO: 106)(SEQ ID NO: 112) (SEQ ID NO: 106) (SEQ ID NO: 118) (SEQ ID NO: 123)(SEQ ID NO: 128) VH CDR3 SDYYGSRSFVY ARSDYYGSRSFVY SDYYGSRSFVY DYYGSRSFVARSDYYGSRSFV SDYYGSRSFVY (SEQ ID NO: 107) (SEQ ID NO: 113)(SEQ ID NO: 107) (SEQ ID NO: 119) (SEQ ID NO: 124) (SEQ ID NO: 107)VL CDR VL CDR1 RASKSVSTSGYSYVH KSVSTSGYSY RASKSVSTSGYSYVH SKSVSTSGYSYSTSGYSYVHWY RASKSVSTSGYSYVH Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 108) (SEQ ID NO: 114)(SEQ ID NO: 108) (SEQ ID NO: 120) (SEQ ID NO: 125) (SEQ ID NO: 108)VL CDR2 LASNLES LAS LASNLES LAS LLIYLASNLE LASNLES (SEQ ID NO: 109)(SEQ ID NO: 115) (SEQ ID NO: 109) (SEQ ID NO: 115) (SEQ ID NO: 126)(SEQ ID NO: 109) VL CDR3 QHSGELPYT QHSGELPYT QHSGELPYT SGELPY QHSGELPYQHSGELPYT (SEQ ID NO: 110) (SEQ ID NO: 110) (SEQ ID NO: 110)(SEQ ID NO: 121) (SEQ ID NO: 127) (SEQ ID NO: 110) VH Sequence: QVQPQESGPELVKPGTLVKISCKASGYTFTSYDINWVKQRPGQGLEWIGWIYPGDGSPKYDEKFKGKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSENSAVYFCARSDYYGSRSFVYWGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 129) VL Sequence: DIVLTQSPASLAVSLGQRATISCRASKSVSTSGYSYVHWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASNLESGVPARFSGRGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAATYYCQHSGELPYTFGGGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 130)

TABLE 6 Antibody 3N20 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYIFTNYGIS GYIFTNYG NYGIS GYIFTNY TNYGIS GYIFTNYGISSeq. (SEQ ID NO: 131) (SEQ ID NO: 137) (SEQ ID NO: 142) (SEQ ID NO: 143)(SEQ ID NO: 148) (SEQ ID NO: 131) VH CDR2 EIYPRSGNTYYNEKFKG IYPRSGNTEIYPRSGNTYYNEKFKG PRSG WIGEIYPRSGNTY EIYPRSGNTY (SEQ ID NO: 132)(SEQ ID NO: 138) (SEQ ID NO: 132) (SEQ ID NO: 144) (SEQ ID NO: 149)(SEQ ID NO: 154) VH CDR3 HWDGVLDYFDY ARHWDGVLDYFDY HWDGVLDYFDY WDGVLDYFDARHWDGVLDYFD HWDGVLDYFDY (SEQ ID NO: 133) (SEQ ID NO: 139)(SEQ ID NO: 133) (SEQ ID NO: 145) (SEQ ID NO: 150) (SEQ ID NO: 133)VL CDR VL CDR1 KSSQSLLNSGNQKNYLA QSLLNSGNQKNY KSSQSLLNSGNQKNYLASQSLLNSGNQKNY LNSGNQKNYLAWY KSSQSLLNSGNQKNYLA Sequences (SEQ ID NO: 134)(SEQ ID NO: 140) (SEQ ID NO: 134) (SEQ ID NO: 146) (SEQ ID NO: 151)(SEQ ID NO: 134) VL CDR2 GASTRES GAS GASTRES GAS LLIYGASTRE GASTRES(SEQ ID NO: 135) (SEQ ID NO: 141) (SEQ ID NO: 135) (SEQ ID NO: 141)(SEQ ID NO: 152) (SEQ ID NO: 135) VL CDR3 LNDHSYPFT LNDHSYPFT LNDHSYPFTDHSYPF LNDHSYPF LNDHSYPFT (SEQ ID NO: 136) (SEQ ID NO: 136)(SEQ ID NO: 136) (SEQ ID NO: 147) (SEQ ID NO: 153) (SEQ ID NO: 136)VH Sequence: QVQLQESGAELARPGASVKLSCKVSGYIFTNYGISWVKQRTGQGLEWIGEIYPRSGNTYYNEKFKGKATLTADMSSSTAYMDLRSLTSEDSAVYFCARHWDGVLDYFDYWGQGTSLTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 155) VL Sequence: DIVMTQSPSSLSVSAGEKVTMSCKSSQSLLNSGNQKNYLAWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYGASTRESGVPDRFTGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQAEDLAVYYCLNDHSYPFTFGAGTKLELK (SEQ ID NO: 156)

TABLE 7 Antibody 4P5 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYTFTRYDIN GYTFTRYD RYDIN GYTFTRY TRYDIN GYTFTRYDINSeq. (SEQ ID NO: 157) (SEQ ID NO: 163) (SEQ ID NO: 168) (SEQ ID NO: 169)(SEQ ID NO: 174) (SEQ ID NO: 157) VH CDR2 WIYPGDDSTKYNEKFKG IYPGDDSTWIYPGDDSTKYNEKFKG PGDD WIGWIYPGDDSTK WIYPGDDSTK (SEQ ID NO: 158)(SEQ ID NO: 164) (SEQ ID NO: 158) (SEQ ID NO: 170) (SEQ ID NO: 175)(SEQ ID NO: 180) VH CDR3 SDYYGSRSFVY ARSDYYGSRSFVY SDYYGSRSFVY DYYGSRSFVARSDYYGSRSFV SDYYGSRSFVY (SEQ ID NO: 159) (SEQ ID NO: 165)(SEQ ID NO: 159) (SEQ ID NO: 171) (SEQ ID NO: 176) (SEQ ID NO: 159)VL CDR VL CDR1 RASKSVSTSGYSYMH KSVSTSGYSY RASKSVSTSGYSYMH SKSVSTSGYSYSTSGYSYMHWY RASKSVSTSGYSYMH Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 160) (SEQ ID NO: 166)(SEQ ID NO: 160) (SEQ ID NO: 172) (SEQ ID NO: 177) (SEQ ID NO: 160)VL CDR2 LASNLES LAS LASNLES LAS LLIYLASNLE LASNLES (SEQ ID NO: 161)(SEQ ID NO: 167) (SEQ ID NO: 161) (SEQ ID NO: 167) (SEQ ID NO: 178)(SEQ ID NO: 161) VL CDR3 HHSGELPYT HHSGELPYT HHSGELPYT SGELPY HHSGELPYHHSGELPYT (SEQ ID NO: 162) (SEQ ID NO: 162) (SEQ ID NO: 162)(SEQ ID NO: 173) (SEQ ID NO: 179) (SEQ ID NO: 162) VH Sequence: QVQLQQSGPELVKPGALVKISCKASGYTFTRYDINWVKKRPGQGLEWIGWIYPGDDSTKYNEKFKGKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSENSAVYFCARSDYYGSRSFVYWGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 181) VL Sequence: DILLTQSPASLAVSLGQRATISCRASKSVSTSGYSYMHWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASNLESGVPARFSGRGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAATYYCHHSGELPYTFGGGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 182)

TABLE 8 Antibody 5C23 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYTFTRYDIN GYTFTRYD RYDIN GYTFTRY TRYDIN GYTFTRYDINSeq. (SEQ ID NO: 183) (SEQ ID NO: 189) (SEQ ID NO: 194) (SEQ ID NO: 195)(SEQ ID NO: 200) (SEQ ID NO: 183) VH CDR2 WIYPGDGSTKYNEKFEG IYPGDGSTWIYPGDGSTKYNEKFEG PGDG WIGWIYPGDGSTK WIYPGDGSTK (SEQ ID NO: 184)(SEQ ID NO: 190) (SEQ ID NO: 184) (SEQ ID NO: 196) (SEQ ID NO: 201)(SEQ ID NO: 206) VH CDR3 SDYYGSRSFVY ARSDYYGSRSFVY SDYYGSRSFVY DYYGSRSFVARSDYYGSRSFV SDYYGSRSFVY (SEQ ID NO: 185) (SEQ ID NO: 191)(SEQ ID NO: 185) (SEQ ID NO: 197) (SEQ ID NO: 202) (SEQ ID NO: 185)VL CDR VL CDR1 RASKSVSTSGYSYMH KSVSTSGYSY RASKSVSTSGYSYMH SKSVSTSGYSYSTSGYSYMHWY RASKSVSTSGYSYMH Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 186) (SEQ ID NO: 192)(SEQ ID NO: 186) (SEQ ID NO: 198) (SEQ ID NO: 203) (SEQ ID NO: 186)VL CDR2 LASNLES LAS LASNLES LAS LLIYLASNLE LASNLES (SEQ ID NO: 187)(SEQ ID NO: 193) (SEQ ID NO: 187) (SEQ ID NO: 193) (SEQ ID NO: 204)(SEQ ID NO: 187) VL CDR3 QHSRELPYT QHSRELPYT QHSRELPYT SRELPY QHSRELPYQHSRELPYT (SEQ ID NO: 188) (SEQ ID NO: 188) (SEQ ID NO: 188)(SEQ ID NO: 199) (SEQ ID NO: 205) (SEQ ID NO: 188) VH Sequence: QVQPQESGPELVKPGALVKISCKASGYTFTRYDINWVKKRPGQGLEWIGWIYPGDGSTKYNEKFEGKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLSSLTSENSAVYFCARSDYYGSRSFVYWGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 207) VL Sequence: DIVLTQSPDSLTVSLGQRATISCRASKSVSTSGYSYMHWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASNLESGVPARFSGSGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAATYYCQHSRELPYTFGGGTKLEIK (SEQ ID NO: 208)

TABLE 9 Antibody 5F7 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat Chothia ContactAbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYTFTRYDIN GYTFTRYD RYDIN GYTFTRY TRYDIN GYTFTRYDINSeq. (SEQ ID NO: 209) (SEQ ID NO: 215) (SEQ ID NO: 220) (SEQ ID NO: 221)(SEQ ID NO: 226) (SEQ ID NO: 209) VH CDR2 WIYPGDISTKYNEKFKG IYPGDISTWIYPGDISTKYNEKFKG PGDI WIGWIYPGDISTK WIYPGDISTK (SEQ ID NO: 210)(SEQ ID NO: 216) (SEQ ID NO: 210) (SEQ ID NO: 222) (SEQ ID NO: 227)(SEQ ID NO: 232) VH CDR3 SDYYGSRSFVY ARSDYYGSRSFVY SDYYGSRSFVY DYYGSRSFVARSDYYGSRSFV SDYYGSRSFVY (SEQ ID NO: 211) (SEQ ID NO: 217)(SEQ ID NO: 211) (SEQ ID NO: 223) (SEQ ID NO: 228) (SEQ ID NO: 211)VL CDR VL CDR1 RASKSVSTSGYSYMH KSVSTSGYSY RASKSVSTSGYSYMH SKSVSTSGYSYSTSGYSYMHWY RASKSVSTSGYSYMH Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 212) (SEQ ID NO: 218)(SEQ ID NO: 212) (SEQ ID NO: 224) (SEQ ID NO: 229) (SEQ ID NO: 212)VL CDR2 LASNLES LAS LASNLES LAS LLIYLASNLE LASNLES (SEQ ID NO: 213)(SEQ ID NO: 219) (SEQ ID NO: 213) (SEQ ID NO: 219) (SEQ ID NO: 230)(SEQ ID NO: 213) VL CDR3 QHSRELPYT QHSRELPYT QHSRELPYT SRELPY QHSRELPYQHSRELPYT (SEQ ID NO: 214) (SEQ ID NO: 214) (SEQ ID NO: 214)(SEQ ID NO: 225) (SEQ ID NO: 231) (SEQ ID NO: 214) VH Sequence: QVQPQESGPELVKPGALVKISCKASGYTFTRYDINWVKQRPGQGLEWIGWIYPGDISTKYNEKFKGKATLTADKSSSTAYMQLNSLTSENSAVYFCARSDYYGSRSFVYWGQGTLVTVSA (SEQ ID NO: 233) VL Sequence: DIVLTQSPASLAVSLGQRATISCRASKSVSTSGYSYMHWYQQKPGQPPKLLIYLASNLESGVPARFSGSGSGTDFTLNIHPVEEEDAATYYCQHSRELPYTFGGGTKVEIK (SEQ ID NO: 234)

TABLE 10 Antibody 1G19 CDR Sequences Exemplary IMGT Kabat ChothiaContact AbM VH CDR VH CDR1 GYSITSGYYWN GYSITSGYY SGYYWN GYSITSGY TSGYYWNGYSITSGYYWN Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 235) (SEQ ID NO: 241) (SEQ ID NO: 246)(SEQ ID NO: 247) (SEQ ID NO: 252) (SEQ ID NO: 235) VH CDR2YINYGGSNNYNPSLKN INYGGSN YINYGGSNNYNPSLKN YGG WMGYINYGGSNN YINYGGSNN(SEQ ID NO: 236) (SEQ ID NO: 242) (SEQ ID NO: 236) (SEQ ID NO: 248)(SEQ ID NO: 253) (SEQ ID NO: 258) VH CDR3 RGAYYSNYDSFDV ARRGAYYSNYDSFDVRGAYYSNYDSFDV GAYYSNYDSFD ARRGAYYSNYDSFD RGAYYSNYDSFDV (SEQ ID NO: 237)(SEQ ID NO: 243) (SEQ ID NO: 237) (SEQ ID NO: 249) (SEQ ID NO: 254)(SEQ ID NO: 237) VL CDR VL CDR1 KASQDINSYLS QDINSY KASQDINSYLS SQDINSYNSYLSWF KASQDINSYLS Seq. (SEQ ID NO: 238) (SEQ ID NO: 244)(SEQ ID NO: 238) (SEQ ID NO: 250) (SEQ ID NO: 255) (SEQ ID NO: 238)VL CDR2 RANRLVD RAN RANRLVD RAN TLIYRANRLV RANRLVD (SEQ ID NO: 239)(SEQ ID NO: 245) (SEQ ID NO: 239) (SEQ ID NO: 245) (SEQ ID NO: 256)(SEQ ID NO: 239) VL CDR3 LQYDEFPYT LQYDEFPYT LQYDEFPYT YDEFPY LQYDEFPYLQYDEFPYT (SEQ ID NO: 240) (SEQ ID NO: 240) (SEQ ID NO: 240)(SEQ ID NO: 251) (SEQ ID NO: 257) (SEQ ID NO: 240) VH Sequence: QVQLQESGPGLVKPSQSLSLTCSVTGYSITSGYYWNWIRQFPGNKLEWMGYINYGGSNNYNPSLKNRISITRDTSKNQFFLKLTSVTTEDTATYYCARRGAYYSNYDSFDVWGTGTTVTVSS (SEQ ID NO: 259) VL Sequence: DIKMTQSPSSMYASLGERVTITCKASQDINSYLSWFQQKPGKSPKTLIYRANRLVDGVPSRFSGSGSGQDYSLTISSLEYEEMGIYYCLQYDEFPYTFGGGTKLEIK(SEQ ID NO: 260)

In some embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise a VH regionor VH domain In other embodiments, the antibodies provided hereincomprise a VL region or VL chain. In some embodiments, the antibodiesprovided herein have a combination of (i) a VH domain or VH region;and/or (ii) a VL domain or VL region.

In some embodiments, an antibody provided herein comprises or consistsof six CDRs, for example, VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2,and/or VL CDR3 identified in Tables 1-10. In some embodiments, anantibody provided herein can comprise less than six CDRs. In someembodiments, the antibody comprises or consists of one, two, three,four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VH CDR1, VHCDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 identified in tables1-10. In some embodiments, the antibody comprises or consists of one,two, three, four, or five CDRs selected from the group consisting of VHCDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 of the murinemonoclonal antibody selected from the group consisting of: (a) theantibody designated 5H23; (b) the antibody designated 1017; (c) theantibody designated 1D19, (d) the antibody designated 2L12; (e) theantibody designated 3L3; (f) the antibody designated 3N20; (g) theantibody designated 4P5; (h) the antibody designated 5023; (i) theantibody designated 5F7, (j) the antibody designated 1G19; describedherein. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the antibody comprises orconsists of one, two, three four or five CDRs of anyone of the VH CDR1,VH CDR2, VH CDR3, VL CDR1, VL CDR2, and/or VL CDR3 identified in Tables1-10.

In some embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise one or more(e.g., one, two or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 1-10. In otherembodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise one or more (e.g.,one, two or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 1-10. In yet otherembodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise one or more (e.g.,one, two or three) VH CDRs listed in Tables 1-10 and one or more VL CDRslisted in Tables 1-10. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the antibodiescomprise a VH CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ IDNOS: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85,90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163,168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235,241, 246, 247, and 252. In some embodiments, the antibodies comprise aVH CDR2 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8,14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102,106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175,180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248,253, and 258. In some embodiments, the antibodies comprise a VH CDR3having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20,29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133,139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223,228, 237, 243, 249, and 254. In some embodiments, the antibodiescomprise a VH CDR1 and/or a VH CDR2 and/or a VH CDR3 independentlyselected from a VH CDR1, VH CDR2, VH CDR3 as depicted in any one of theamino acid sequences depicted in Table 1-10. In some embodiments, theantibodies comprise a VL CDR1 having the amino acid sequence of any oneof SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88,94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186,192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250, and 255. In anotherembodiment, the antibodies comprise a VL CDR2 having the amino acidsequence of any one of SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74,83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204,213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256. In some embodiments, the antibodiescomprise a VL CDR3 having the amino acid sequence of any one of SEQ IDNOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136,147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and257. In some embodiments, the antibodies comprise a VL CDR1 and/or a VLCDR2 and/or a VL CDR3 independently selected from a VL CDR1, VL CDR2, VLCDR3 as depicted in any one of the amino acid sequences depicted inTables 1-10.

In some embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise a heavychain variable (VH) region comprising: (1) a VH CDR1 having an aminoacid sequence of selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:1,27, 53, 79, 105, 131, 157, 183, 209, and or 235, (ii) SEQ ID NO:7, 33,59, 85, 111, 137, 163, 189, 215 or 241, (iii) SEQ ID NO:12, 38, 64, 90,116, 142, 168, 194, 220 or 246, (iv) SEQ ID NO:13, 39, 65, 91, 117, 143,169, 195, 221 or 247, and (v) SEQ ID NO:18, 44, 70, 96, 122, 148, 174,200, 226 or 252; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of selectedfrom the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:2, 28, 54, 80, 106, 132,158, 184, 210, and or 236, (ii) SEQ ID NO:8, 34, 60, 86, 112, 138, 164,190, 216 or 242, (iii) SEQ ID NO:14, 40, 66, 92, 118, 144, 170, 196, 222or 248, (iv) SEQ ID NO:19, 45, 71, 97, 123, 149, 175, 201, 227 or 253,and (v) SEQ ID NO:24, 50, 76, 102, 128, 154, 180, 206, 232 or 258; and(3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of selected from the groupconsisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO: 3, 29, 55, 81, 107, 133, 159, 185, 211,and or 237, (ii) SEQ ID NO:9, 35, 61, 87, 113, 139, 165, 191, 217 or243, (iii) SEQ ID NO:15, 41, 67, 93, 119, 145, 171, 197, 223 or 249, and(iv) SEQ ID NO:20, 46, 72, 98, 124, 150, 176, 202, 228 or 254; and/or alight chain variable (VL) region comprising: (1) a VL CDR1 having anamino acid sequence of selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ IDNO:4, 30, 56, 82, 108, 134, 160, 186, 212, and or 238, (ii) SEQ IDNO:10, 36, 52, 88, 114, 140, 166, 192, 218 or 244, (iii) SEQ ID NO:16,42, 68, 94, 120, 146, 172, 198, 224 or 250, and (iv) SEQ ID NO:21, 47,73, 99, 125, 151, 177, 203, 229 or 255; (2) a VL CDR2 having an aminoacid sequence of selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:5,31, 57, 83, 109, 135, 161, 187, 213, and or 239, (ii) SEQ ID NO:11, 37,63, 89, 115, 141, 167, 193, 219 or 245, and (iii) SEQ ID NO:22, 48, 74,100, 126, 152, 178, 204, 230 or 256; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an aminoacid sequence of selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:6,32, 58, 84, 110, 136, 162, 188, 214, and or 240, (ii) SEQ ID NO:17, 43,69, 95, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225 or 251, and (iii) SEQ ID NO:23, 49, 75,101, 127, 153, 179, 205, 231 or 257.

In some embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise a heavychain variable (VH) region comprising: (1) a VH CDR1 having an aminoacid sequence of selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:1,27, 53, 79, 105, 131, 157, 183, 209, and or 235, (ii) SEQ ID NO:7, 33,59, 85, 111, 137, 163, 189, 215 or 241, (iii) SEQ ID NO:12, 38, 64, 90,116, 142, 168, 194, 220 or 246, (iv) SEQ ID NO:13, 39, 65, 91, 117, 143,169, 195, 221 or 247, and (v) SEQ ID NO:18, 44, 70, 96, 122, 148, 174,200, 226 or 252; (2) a VH CDR2 having an amino acid sequence of selectedfrom the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:2, 28, 54, 80, 106, 132,158, 184, 210, and or 236, (ii) SEQ ID NO:8, 34, 60, 86, 112, 138, 164,190, 216 or 242, (iii) SEQ ID NO:14, 40, 66, 92, 118, 144, 170, 196, 222or 248, (iv) SEQ ID NO:19, 45, 71, 97, 123, 149, 175, 201, 227 or 253,and (v) SEQ ID NO:24, 50, 76, 102, 128, 154, 180, 206, 232 or 258; and(3) a VH CDR3 having an amino acid sequence of selected from the groupconsisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO: 3, 29, 55, 81, 107, 133, 159, 185, 211,and or 237, (ii) SEQ ID NO:9, 35, 61, 87, 113, 139, 165, 191, 217 or243, (iii) SEQ ID NO:15, 41, 67, 93, 119, 145, 171, 197, 223 or 249, and(iv) SEQ ID NO:20, 46, 72, 98, 124, 150, 176, 202, 228 or 254.

In some embodiments, the antibodies provided herein comprise a lightchain variable (VL) region comprising: (1) a VL CDR1 having an aminoacid sequence of selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:4,30, 56, 82, 108, 134, 160, 186, 212, and or 238, (ii) SEQ ID NO:10, 36,52, 88, 114, 140, 166, 192, 218 or 244, (iii) SEQ ID NO:16, 42, 68, 94,120, 146, 172, 198, 224 or 250, and (iv) SEQ ID NO:21, 47, 73, 99, 125,151, 177, 203, 229 or 255; (2) a VL CDR2 having an amino acid sequenceof selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:5, 31, 57, 83,109, 135, 161, 187, 213, and or 239, (ii) SEQ ID NO:11, 37, 63, 89, 115,141, 167, 193, 219 or 245, and (iii) SEQ ID NO:22, 48, 74, 100, 126,152, 178, 204, 230 or 256; and (3) a VL CDR3 having an amino acidsequence of selected from the group consisting of: (i) SEQ ID NO:6, 32,58, 84, 110, 136, 162, 188, 214, and or 240, (ii) SEQ ID NO:17, 43, 69,95, 121, 147, 173, 199, 225 or 251, and (iii) SEQ ID NO:23, 49, 75, 101,127, 153, 179, 205, 231 or 257.

Also provided herein are antibodies comprising one or more VH CDRs andone or more (e.g., one, two or three) VL CDRs listed in Tables 1-10. Inparticular, provided herein is an antibody comprising a VH CDR1 (SEQ IDNOS: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85,90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163,168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235,241, 246, 247, and 252.) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30,36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134,140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224,229, 238, 244, 250, and 255); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18,27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111,116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183,189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and252); a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89,100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213,219, 230, 239, 245, and 256) and a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS 1, 7, 12, 13, 18,27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111,116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183,189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and252) VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95,101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214,225, 231, 240, 251, and 257) and a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14, 19,24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106,112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180,184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253,and 258); a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62,68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255) and a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45,50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86,92,97,102,106,112,118,123,128,132,138,144,149,154,158,164,170, 175, 180,184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253,and 258); and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75,84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20,29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133,139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223,228, 237, 243, 249, and 254) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21,30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134,140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224,229, 238, 244, 250, and 255); a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29,35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133,139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223,228, 237, 243, 249, and 254) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31,37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167,178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256); a VH CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136,147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53,59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137,142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209,215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92,97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164,170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236,242, 248, 253, and 258) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30,36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134,140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224,229, 238, 244, 250, and 255); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18,27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111,116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183,189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54,60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138,144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210,216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and 258) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53,59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137,142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209,215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92,97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164,170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236,242, 248, 253, and 258) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43,49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173,179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86,92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164,170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236,242, 248, 253, and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35,41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139,145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228,237, 243, 249, and 254) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30,36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134,140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224,229, 238, 244, 250, and 255), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24,28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112,118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184,190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67,72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165,171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and254) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83,89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204,213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14, 19,24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106,112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180,184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253,and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61,67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159,165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249,and 254) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75,84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 1, 7, 12, 13,18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174,183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247,and 252.), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62,68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74,83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204,213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13,18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174,183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247,and 252), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62,68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75,84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 1, 7, 12, 13,18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174,183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247,and 252), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83,89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204,213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23,32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162,173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR2(SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76,80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154,158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227,232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and 258), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21,30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134,140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224,229, 238, 244, 250, and 255) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31,37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167,178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256); a VH CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80,86,92, 97,102,106,112,118,123,128,132,138,144,149,154,158,164,170, 175,180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248,253, and 258), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56,62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75,84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14, 19,24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106,112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180,184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253,and 258), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83,89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204,213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23,32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162,173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR3(SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93,98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185,191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR1(SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94,99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186,192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250, and 255) and a VL CDR2(SEQ ID NOS: 5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115,126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239,245, and 256); a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55,61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159,165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249,and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62,68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75,84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20,29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133,139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223,228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37,48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167,178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256) and a VL CDR3 (SEQID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127,136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251,and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44,53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116,117,122,131,137,142,143,148,157,163,168,169,174,183,189,194,195,200,209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86,92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164,170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236,242, 248, 253, and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS: 3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35,41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139,145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228,237, 243, 249, and 254) and a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS: 4, 10, 16, 21, 30,36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134,140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224,229, 238, 244, 250, and 255); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13, 18,27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111,116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183,189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54,60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138,144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210,216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113,119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202,211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141,152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256); aVH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64,65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143,148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220,221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS: 2, 8, 14,19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102,106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175,180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248,253, and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55,61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159,165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249,and 254), and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75,84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13,18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174,183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247,and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50,54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132,138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206,210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and 258), a VL CDR1 (SEQ IDNOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108,114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198,203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250, and 255) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53,59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137,142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209,215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86,92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164,170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236,242, 248, 253, and 258), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36,42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140,146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229,238, 244, 250, and 255) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49,58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179,188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ IDNOS:1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85,90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116,117,122,131,137,142,143,148,157,163,168,169,174,183,189,194,195,200,209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86,92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164,170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236,242, 248, 253, and 258), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48,57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178,187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136,147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53,59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137,142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209,215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ IDNOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108,114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198,203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250, and 255) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53,59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137,142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209,215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ IDNOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108,114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198,203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250, and 255) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS: 6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136,147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205, 214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53,59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137,142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209,215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84,95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19,24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106,112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180,184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253,and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61,67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159,165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249,and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62,68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74,83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204,213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19,24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86,92,97,102,106,112,118,123,128,132,138,144,149,154,158,164,170, 175, 180,184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253,and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61,67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159,165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249,and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62,68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50,54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132,138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206,210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84,95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13,18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174,183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247,and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50,54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132,138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206,210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ IDNOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108,114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198,203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250, and 255) and a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13, 18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53,59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105, 111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137,142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174, 183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209,215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86,92,97,102,106,112,118,123,128,132,138,144,149,154,158,164,170, 175, 180,184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253,and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61,67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159,165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249,and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62,68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75,84, 95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13,18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174,183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247,and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50,54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132,138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206,210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256) and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84,95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13,18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,111, 116, 117, 122, 131, 137, 142, 143, 148, 157, 163, 168, 169, 174,183, 189, 194, 195, 200, 209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247,and 252), a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19, 24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50,54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106, 112, 118, 123, 128, 132,138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180, 184, 190, 196, 201, 206,210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253, and 258), a VL CDR1 (SEQ IDNOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108,114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198,203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250, and 255), a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256), and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84,95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:1, 7, 12, 13,18, 27, 33, 38, 39, 44, 53, 59, 64, 65, 70, 79, 85, 90, 91, 96, 105,111, 116,117,122,131,137,142,143,148,157,163,168,169,174,183,189,194,195,200,209, 215, 220, 221, 226, 235, 241, 246, 247, and 252), a VH CDR3 (SEQ IDNOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61, 67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107,113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159, 165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197,202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249, and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ IDNOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62, 68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108,114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160, 166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198,203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250, and 255), a VL CDR2 (SEQ IDNOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83, 89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135,141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204, 213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and256), and a VL CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:6, 17, 23, 32, 43, 49, 58, 69, 75, 84,95, 101, 110, 121, 127, 136, 147, 153, 162, 173, 179, 188, 199, 205,214, 225, 231, 240, 251, and 257); a VH CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:2, 8, 14, 19,24, 28, 34, 40, 45, 50, 54, 60, 66, 71, 76, 80, 86, 92, 97, 102, 106,112, 118, 123, 128, 132, 138, 144, 149, 154, 158, 164, 170, 175, 180,184, 190, 196, 201, 206, 210, 216, 222, 227, 232, 236, 242, 248, 253,and 258), a VH CDR3 (SEQ ID NOS:3, 9, 15, 20, 29, 35, 41, 46, 55, 61,67, 72, 81, 87, 93, 98, 107, 113, 119, 124, 133, 139, 145, 150, 159,165, 171, 176, 185, 191, 197, 202, 211, 217, 223, 228, 237, 243, 249,and 254), a VL CDR1 (SEQ ID NOS:4, 10, 16, 21, 30, 36, 42, 47, 56, 62,68, 73, 82, 88, 94, 99, 108, 114, 120, 125, 134, 140, 146, 151, 160,166, 172, 177, 186, 192, 198, 203, 212, 218, 224, 229, 238, 244, 250,and 255), a VL CDR2 (SEQ ID NOS:5, 11, 22, 31, 37, 48, 57, 63, 74, 83,89, 100, 109, 115, 126, 135, 141, 152, 161, 167, 178, 187, 193, 204,213, 219, 230, 239, 245, and 256) or any combination thereof of the VHCDRs and VL CDRs listed in Tables 1-10.

In yet another aspect, the CDRs disclosed herein include consensussequences derived from groups of related antibodies (see, e.g., Tables1-10). As described herein, a “consensus sequence” refers to amino acidsequences having conserved amino acids common among a number ofsequences and variable amino acids that vary within a given amino acidsequences. The CDR consensus sequences provided include CDRscorresponding to CDRH1, CDRH2, CDRH3, CDRL1, CDRL2 and/or CDRL3.Consensus sequences of CDRs of anti-beta klotho antibodies are shown inFIG. 2 .

In certain embodiments, an antibody of fragment thereof described hereincomprises a VH region that comprises: (1) a VH FR1 having an amino acidsequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 278, 279, 280and 378; (2) a VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from thegroup consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 281, 282, and 283; (3) a VH FR3 havingan amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381; and/or (4) a VH FR4 having an amino acidof SEQ ID NO: 288. Accordingly, in some aspects, the humanized antibodycomprises a VH region that includes a VH FR1 having an amino acidsequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 278, 279, 280and 378. In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VH regionthat includes a VH FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from thegroup consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 281, 282, and 283. In some aspects, thehumanized antibody comprises a VH region that includes a VH FR3 havingan amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381. In some aspects, the humanized antibodycomprises a VH region that includes a VH FR4 having an amino acid of SEQID NO: 288.

In certain embodiments, an antibody of fragment thereof described hereincomprises a VL region that comprises: (1) a VL FR1 having an amino acidsequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 289, 290 and382-384; (2) a VL FR2 having an amino acid sequence selected from thegroup consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 291, 292 and 385-392; (3) a VL FR3having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQID NOS: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404; and/or (4) a VL FR4 having an aminoacid of SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407. Accordingly, in some aspects, thehumanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR1 havingan amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384. In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprisesa VL region that includes a VL FR2 having an amino acid sequenceselected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 291, 292 and 385-392.In some aspects, the humanized antibody comprises a VL region thatincludes a VL FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the groupconsisting of SEQ ID NOS: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404. In some aspects,the humanized antibody comprises a VL region that includes a VL FR4having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407.

In certain embodiments, an antibody of fragment thereof described hereincomprises a VH region and a VL region, wherein the VH region furthercomprises: (1) a VH FR1 having an amino acid sequence selected from thegroup consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 278, 279, 280 and 378; (2) a VH FR2having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQID NOS: 281, 282, and 283; (3) a VH FR3 having an amino acid sequenceselected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381; and/or (4) a VH FR4 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:288; and wherein the VL region further comprises: (1) a VL FR1 having anamino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384; (2) a VL FR2 having an amino acid sequenceselected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOS: 291, 292 and 385-392;(3) a VL FR3 having an amino acid sequence selected from the groupconsisting of SEQ ID NOS: 293, 294, 295 and 393-404; and/or (4) a VL FR4having an amino acid of SEQ ID NO: 296 and 405-407.

Also provided herein are antibodies comprising one or more (e.g., one,two, three or four) VH FRs and one or more VL FRs listed in Table 19. Inparticular, provided herein is an antibody comprising a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378) and a VL FR2 (SEQID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407);a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289,290 and 382-384); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283) and a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and283) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQID NOS:281, 282, and 283) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VHFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR3 (SEQID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293,294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283) anda VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278,279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283) and a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283) and a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3(SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VHFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VHFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283),a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VL FR4 (SEQID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), aVL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291,292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VL FR1 (SEQID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); aVH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VHFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and aVL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and283), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VHFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VLFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VLFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR4 (SEQID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284,285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283),a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VL FR3 (SEQID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378),a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and aVL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1(SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407);a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284,285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR1 (SEQID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1(SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286,287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293,294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VHFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VLFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); aVH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285,286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VHFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283),a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293,294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VHFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), aVH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283),a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) anda VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285,286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3(SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285,286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VHFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VHFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285,286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and aVL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278,279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381),a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283),a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) anda VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285,286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293,294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1(SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286,287 and 379-381), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and aVL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), aVH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285,286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407);a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289,290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VLFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278,279, 280 and 378), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392),a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2(SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VLFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294,295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), aVL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407);a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), aVL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293,294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VLFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294,295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR4 (SEQID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407);a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281,282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), aVH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384); aVH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281,282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), aVH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); aVH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281,282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), aVH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284,285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384)and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), aVH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VHFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), aVH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285,286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378),a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VLFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294,295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2(SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); aVH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281,282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VHFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), aVH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3(SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), aVH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283),a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3(SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), aVL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VHFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VL FR3 (SEQID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392),and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), aVL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294,295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1(SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286,287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294,295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3(SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289,290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VLFR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); aVH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), aVL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294,295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1(SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VL FR4 (SEQID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VHFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); aVH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VLFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294,295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2(SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392), and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR3(SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), aVL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292and 385-392), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384),a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293,294, 295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VHFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392), a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), aVL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404), and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VHFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286,287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290and 382-384) and a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392); a VH FR1(SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR3(SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1(SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284,285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407);a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281,282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), aVL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VHFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), aVH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284,285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384),VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293,294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VHFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), aVH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VLFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VHFR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2(SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VLFR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4(SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and378), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR2(SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VHFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407);a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285,286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392),VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VHFR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ IDNOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392),VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ IDNO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VHFR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VLFR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407);a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), a VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ IDNOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR1(SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and385-392) and a VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404); a VH FR1(SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); aVH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281,282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), aVH FR4 (SEQ ID NO:288), VL FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3(SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279, 280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and379-381), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:278, 279,280 and 378), a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282, and 283), a VH FR4 (SEQ IDNO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQ IDNOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and 393-404)and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); a VH FR2 (SEQ ID NOS:281, 282,and 283), a VH FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:284, 285, 286, 287 and 379-381), a VH FR4(SEQ ID NO:288), a VL FR1 (SEQ ID NOS:289, 290 and 382-384), VL FR2 (SEQID NOS:291, 292 and 385-392), VL FR3 (SEQ ID NOS:293, 294, 295 and393-404) and a VL FR4 (SEQ ID NO:296 and 405-407); or any combinationthereof of the VH FRs (SEQ ID NOS: 278, 279, 280, 378, 281, 282, 283,284, 285, 286, 287, 379-381 and 288) and VL FRs (SEQ ID NOS: 289, 290,382-384, 291, 292, 385-392, 293, 294, 295, 393-404, 296, 405-407) listedin Table 19.

In yet another aspect, antibodies are provided that compete with one ofthe exemplified antibodies or functional fragments for binding to (i)beta klotho or (ii) a complex comprising beta klotho and one of FGFR1c,FGFR2c, FGFR3c, and FGFR4. Such antibodies may also bind to the sameepitope as one of the herein exemplified antibodies, or an overlappingepitope. Antibodies and fragments that compete with or bind to the sameepitope as the exemplified antibodies are expected to show similarfunctional properties. The exemplified antigen binding proteins andfragments include those with the VH and VL regions, and CDRs providedherein, including those in Tables 1-10. Thus, as a specific example, theantibodies that are provided include those that compete with an antibodycomprising: (a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or all 6 of the CDRs listed for anantibody listed in Tables 1-10; (b) a VH and a VL selected from the VHand a VL regions listed for an antibody listed in Tables 1-10, such asfor antibody 5H23 (Table 1) or (c) two light chains and two heavy chainscomprising a VH and a VL as specified for an antibody listed in Tables1-10.

In still yet another aspect, antibodies are provided herein that bind toa region, including an epitope, of human beta klotho or cyno betaklotho. For example, in some embodiments, an antibody provided hereinbinds to a KLB2 domain of human beta klotho comprising amino acidresidues 509 to 1044 of SEQ ID NO:297. As another example, in someembodiments, an antibody provided herein binds to a glycosyl hydrolase 1region of a KLB2 domain of human beta klotho comprising amino acidresidues 517 to 967 of SEQ ID NO:297. As yet another example, in someembodiments, an antibody provided herein binds to a region of human betaklotho comprising amino acid residues 657 to 703 of SEQ ID NO:297. Asstill another example, in some embodiments, an antibody provided hereinbinds to a region of cyno beta klotho comprising amino acid residues 657to 703 of SEQ ID NO:299.

In another aspect, antibodies are provided herein that bind to aspecific epitope of human beta klotho. For example, in some embodiments,an antibody provided herein binds an epitope of human beta klothocomprising at least one of amino acid residues 657, 701 and/or 703 ofhuman beta klotho (SEQ ID NO: 297). Accordingly, in some embodiments, anantibody provided herein binds to an epitope of human beta klotho,wherein the epitope of human beta klotho comprise at least amino acidresidue 657 of SEQ ID NO: 297. In some embodiments, an antibody providedherein binds to an epitope of human beta klotho, wherein the epitope ofhuman beta klotho comprise at least amino acid residue 701 of SEQ ID NO:297. In some embodiments, an antibody provided herein binds to anepitope of human beta klotho, wherein the epitope of human beta klothocomprise at least amino acid residue 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. In someembodiments, an antibody provided herein binds to an epitope of humanbeta klotho, wherein the epitope of human beta klotho comprise at leastamino acid residues 657 and 701 of SEQ ID NO: 297. In some embodiments,an antibody provided herein binds to an epitope of human beta klotho,wherein the epitope of human beta klotho comprise at least amino acidresidues 657 and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. In some embodiments, an antibodyprovided herein binds to an epitope of human beta klotho, wherein theepitope of human beta klotho comprise at least amino acid residues 701and 703 of SEQ ID NO: 297. In some embodiments, an antibody providedherein binds to an epitope of human beta klotho, wherein the epitope ofhuman beta klotho comprise at least amino acid residues 657, 701 and 703of SEQ ID NO: 297. Such antibodies provided above can, in someembodiments, induce FGF19-like signaling and/or FGF21-like signaling ina cell that expresses human beta klotho and an FGF receptor.Additionally, in some embodiments, the antibody is a humanized, human orchimeric antibody.

1. Polyclonal Antibodies

The antibodies of the present disclosure may comprise polyclonalantibodies. Methods of preparing polyclonal antibodies are known to theskilled artisan. Polyclonal antibodies can be raised in a mammal, forexample, by one or more injections of an immunizing agent and, ifdesired, an adjuvant. Typically, the immunizing agent and/or adjuvantwill be injected in the mammal by multiple subcutaneous orintraperitoneal injections. The immunizing agent may include a betaklotho polypeptide or a fusion protein thereof. It may be useful toconjugate the immunizing agent to a protein known to be immunogenic inthe mammal being immunized or to immunize the mammal with the proteinand one or more adjuvants. Examples of such immunogenic proteins includebut are not limited to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, serum albumin, bovinethyroglobulin, and soybean trypsin inhibitor. Examples of adjuvantswhich may be employed include Ribi, CpG, Poly 10, Freund's completeadjuvant and MPL-TDM adjuvant (monophosphoryl Lipid A, synthetictrehalose dicorynomycolate). The immunization protocol may be selectedby one skilled in the art without undue experimentation. The mammal canthen be bled, and the serum assayed for beta klotho antibody titer. Ifdesired, the mammal can be boosted until the antibody titer increases orplateaus. Additionally or alternatively, lymphocytes may be obtainedfrom the immunized animal for fusion and the preparation of monoclonalantibodies from hybridoma as described below.

2. Monoclonal Antibodies

The antibodies of the present disclosure may alternatively be monoclonalantibodies. Monoclonal antibodies may be made using the hybridoma methodfirst described by Kohler et al., Nature, 256:495 (1975), or may be madeby recombinant DNA methods (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,567).

In the hybridoma method, a mouse or other appropriate host animal, suchas a hamster, is immunized as described above to elicit lymphocytes thatproduce or are capable of producing antibodies that will specificallybind to the protein used for immunization. Alternatively, lymphocytesmay be immunized in vitro. After immunization, lymphocytes are isolatedand then fused with a myeloma cell line using a suitable fusing agent,such as polyethylene glycol, to form a hybridoma cell (Goding,Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, pp. 59-103 (AcademicPress, 1986)).

The hybridoma cells thus prepared are seeded and grown in a suitableculture medium which medium preferably contains one or more substancesthat inhibit the growth or survival of the unfused, parental myelomacells (also referred to as fusion partner). For example, if the parentalmyeloma cells lack the enzyme hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT or HPRT), the selective culture medium for thehybridomas typically will include hypoxanthine, aminopterin, andthymidine (HAT medium), which substances prevent the growth ofHGPRT-deficient cells.

Preferred fusion partner myeloma cells are those that fuse efficiently,support stable high-level production of antibody by the selectedantibody-producing cells, and are sensitive to a selective medium thatselects against the unfused parental cells. Preferred myeloma cell linesare murine myeloma lines, such as SP-2 and derivatives, for example,X63-Ag8-653 cells available from the American Type Culture Collection,Manassas, Va., USA and those derived from MOPC-21 and MPC-11 mousetumors available from the Salk Institute Cell Distribution Center, SanDiego, Calif. USA. Human myeloma and mouse-human heteromyeloma celllines also have been described for the production of human monoclonalantibodies (Kozbor, J., Immunol., 133:3001 (1984); and Brodeur et al.,Monoclonal Antibody Production Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63(Marcel Dekker, Inc., New York, 1987)).

Culture medium in which hybridoma cells are growing is assayed forproduction of monoclonal antibodies directed against the antigen. Thebinding specificity of monoclonal antibodies produced by hybridoma cellsis determined by immunoprecipitation or by an in vitro binding assay,such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The binding affinity of the monoclonal antibody can, forexample, be determined by the Scatchard analysis described in Munson etal., Anal. Biochem., 107:220 (1980).

Once hybridoma cells that produce antibodies of the desired specificity,affinity, and/or activity are identified, the clones may be subcloned bylimiting dilution procedures and grown by standard methods (Goding,Monoclonal Antibodies: Principles and Practice, pp. 59-103 (AcademicPress, 1986)). Suitable culture media for this purpose include, forexample, D-MEM or RPMI-1640 medium. In addition, the hybridoma cells maybe grown in vivo as ascites tumors in an animal, for example, by i.p.injection of the cells into mice.

The monoclonal antibodies secreted by the subclones are suitablyseparated from the culture medium, ascites fluid, or serum byconventional antibody purification procedures such as, for example,affinity chromatography (e.g., using protein A or protein G-Sepharose)or ion-exchange chromatography, hydroxylapatite chromatography, gelelectrophoresis, dialysis, etc.

DNA encoding the monoclonal antibodies is readily isolated and sequencedusing conventional procedures (e.g., by using oligonucleotide probesthat are capable of binding specifically to genes encoding the heavy andlight chains of murine antibodies). The hybridoma cells serve as apreferred source of such DNA. Once isolated, the DNA may be placed intoexpression vectors, which are then transfected into host cells such asE. coli cells, simian COS cells, Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, ormyeloma cells that do not otherwise produce antibody protein, to obtainthe synthesis of monoclonal antibodies in the recombinant host cells.Review articles on recombinant expression in bacteria of DNA encodingthe antibody include Skerra et al., Curr. Opinion in Immunol., 5:256-262(1993) and Plückthun, Immunol. Revs. 130:151-188 (1992).

In some embodiments, an antibody that binds a beta klotho epitopecomprises an amino acid sequence of a VH domain and/or an amino acidsequence of a VL domain encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizesto (1) the complement of a nucleotide sequence encoding any one of theVH and/or VL domain described herein under stringent conditions (e.g.,hybridization to filter-bound DNA in 6× sodium chloride/sodium citrate(SSC) at about 45° C. followed by one or more washes in 0.2×SSC/0.1% SDSat about 50-65° C.) under highly stringent conditions (e.g.,hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acid in 6×SSC at about 45° C.followed by one or more washes in 0.1×SSC/0.2% SDS at about 68° C.), orunder other stringent hybridization conditions which are known to thoseof skill in the art (see, for example, Ausubel, F. M. et al., eds.,1989, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vol. I, Green PublishingAssociates, Inc. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York at pages6.3.1-6.3.6 and 2.10.3).

In some embodiments, an antibody that binds a beta klotho epitopecomprises an amino acid sequence of a VH CDR or an amino acid sequenceof a VL CDR encoded by a nucleotide sequence that hybridizes to thecomplement of a nucleotide sequence encoding any one of the VH CDRsand/or VL CDRs depicted in Tables 1-10 under stringent conditions (e.g.,hybridization to filter-bound DNA in 6×SSC at about 45° C. followed byone or more washes in 0.2×SSC/0.1% SDS at about 50-65° C.), under highlystringent conditions (e.g., hybridization to filter-bound nucleic acidin 6×SSC at about 45° C. followed by one or more washes in 0.1×SSC/0.2%SDS at about 68° C.), or under other stringent hybridization conditionswhich are known to those of skill in the art (see, for example, Ausubel,F. M. et al., eds., 1989, Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Vol.I, Green Publishing Associates, Inc. and John Wiley & Sons, Inc., NewYork at pages 6.3.1-6.3.6 and 2.10.3)

In a further embodiment, monoclonal antibodies or antibody fragments canbe isolated from antibody phage libraries generated using the techniquesdescribed in, for example, Antibody Phage Display: Methods andProtocols, P. M. O'Brien and R. Aitken, eds, Humana Press, Totawa N.J.,2002. In principle, synthetic antibody clones are selected by screeningphage libraries containing phage that display various fragments ofantibody variable region (Fv) fused to phage coat protein. Such phagelibraries are screened for against the desired antigen. Clonesexpressing Fv fragments capable of binding to the desired antigen areadsorbed to the antigen and thus separated from the non-binding clonesin the library. The binding clones are then eluted from the antigen, andcan be further enriched by additional cycles of antigenadsorption/elution.

Variable domains can be displayed functionally on phage, either assingle-chain Fv (scFv) fragments, in which VH and VL are covalentlylinked through a short, flexible peptide, or as Fab fragments, in whichthey are each fused to a constant domain and interact non-covalently, asdescribed, for example, in Winter et al., Ann. Rev. Immunol., 12:433-455 (1994).

Repertoires of VH and VL genes can be separately cloned by polymerasechain reaction (PCR) and recombined randomly in phage libraries, whichcan then be searched for antigen-binding clones as described in Winteret al., supra. Libraries from immunized sources provide high-affinityantibodies to the immunogen without the requirement of constructinghybridomas. Alternatively, the naive repertoire can be cloned to providea single source of human antibodies to a wide range of non-self and alsoself antigens without any immunization as described by Griffiths et al.,EMBO J, 12: 725-734 (1993). Finally, naive libraries can also be madesynthetically by cloning the unrearranged V-gene segments from stemcells, and using PCR primers containing random sequence to encode thehighly variable CDR3 regions and to accomplish rearrangement in vitro asdescribed, for example, by Hoogenboom and Winter, J. Mol. Biol., 227:381-388 (1992).

Screening of the libraries can be accomplished by various techniquesknown in the art. For example, beta klotho, (e.g., a beta klothopolypeptide, fragment or epitope) can be used to coat the wells ofadsorption plates, expressed on host cells affixed to adsorption platesor used in cell sorting, or conjugated to biotin for capture withstreptavidin-coated beads, or used in any other method for panningdisplay libraries. The selection of antibodies with slow dissociationkinetics (e.g., good binding affinities) can be promoted by use of longwashes and monovalent phage display as described in Bass et al.,Proteins, 8: 309-314 (1990) and in WO 92/09690, and a low coatingdensity of antigen as described in Marks et al., Biotechnol., 10:779-783 (1992).

Anti-beta klotho antibodies can be obtained by designing a suitableantigen screening procedure to select for the phage clone of interestfollowed by construction of a full length anti-beta klotho antibodyclone using VH and/or VL sequences (e.g., the Fv sequences), or variousCDR sequences from VH and VL sequences, from the phage clone of interestand suitable constant region (e.g., Fc) sequences described in Kabat etal., Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, Fifth Edition, NIHPublication 91-3242, Bethesda Md. (1991), vols. 1-3.

3. Antibody Fragments

The present disclosure provides antibodies and antibody fragments thatbind to beta klotho. In certain circumstances there are advantages ofusing antibody fragments, rather than whole antibodies. The smaller sizeof the fragments allows for rapid clearance, and may lead to improvedaccess to cells, tissues or organs. For a review of certain antibodyfragments, see Hudson et al. (2003) Nat. Med. 9:129-134.

Various techniques have been developed for the production of antibodyfragments. Traditionally, these fragments were derived via proteolyticdigestion of intact antibodies (see, e.g., Morimoto et al., Journal ofBiochemical and Biophysical Methods 24:107-117 (1992); and Brennan etal., Science, 229:81 (1985)). However, these fragments can now beproduced directly by recombinant host cells. Fab, Fv and ScFv antibodyfragments can all be expressed in and secreted from E. coli or yeastcells, thus allowing the facile production of large amounts of thesefragments. Antibody fragments can be isolated from the antibody phagelibraries discussed above. Alternatively, Fab′-SH fragments can bedirectly recovered from E. coli and chemically coupled to form F(ab′)2fragments (Carter et al., Bio/Technology 10:163-167 (1992)). Accordingto another approach, F(ab′)2 fragments can be isolated directly fromrecombinant host cell culture. Fab and F(ab′)2 fragment with increasedin vivo half-life comprising salvage receptor binding epitope residuesare described, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,869,046. Other techniquesfor the production of antibody fragments will be apparent to the skilledpractitioner. In certain embodiments, an antibody is a single chain Fvfragment (scFv) (see, e.g., WO 93/16185; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,571,894; and5,587,458). Fv and scFv have intact combining sites that are devoid ofconstant regions; thus, they may be suitable for reduced nonspecificbinding during in vivo use. scFv fusion proteins may be constructed toyield fusion of an effector protein at either the amino or the carboxyterminus of an scFv. (See, e.g., Antibody Engineering, ed. Borrebaeck,supra). The antibody fragment may also be a “linear antibody”, forexample, as described, for example, in the references cited above. Suchlinear antibodies may be monospecific or multi-specific, such asbispecific.

Smaller antibody-derived binding structures are the separate variabledomains (V domains) also termed single variable domain antibodies(SdAbs). Certain types of organisms, the camelids and cartilaginousfish, possess high affinity single V-like domains mounted on an Fcequivalent domain structure as part of their immune system. (Woolven etal., Immunogenetics 50: 98-101, 1999; Streltsov et al., Proc Natl AcadSci USA. 101:12444-12449, 2004). The V-like domains (called VhH incamelids and V-NAR in sharks) typically display long surface loops,which allow penetration of cavities of target antigens. They alsostabilize isolated VH domains by masking hydrophobic surface patches.

These VhH and V-NAR domains have been used to engineer sdAbs. Human Vdomain variants have been designed using selection from phage librariesand other approaches that have resulted in stable, high binding VL- andVH-derived domains.

Antibodies that bind to beta klotho as provided herein include, but arenot limited to, synthetic antibodies, monoclonal antibodies,recombinantly produced antibodies, multispecific antibodies (includingbi-specific antibodies), human antibodies, humanized antibodies,camelized antibodies, chimeric antibodies, intrabodies, anti-idiotypic(anti-Id) antibodies, and functional fragments, (e.g., beta klothobinding fragments) of any of the above. Non-limiting examples offunctional fragments (e.g., fragments that bind to beta klotho) includesingle-chain Fvs (scFv) (e.g., including monospecific, bispecific,etc.), Fab fragments, F(ab′) fragments, F(ab)2 fragments, F(ab′)2fragments, disulfide-linked Fvs (sdFv), Fd fragments, Fv fragments,diabody, triabody, tetrabody and minibody.

Antibodies provided herein include, but are not limited to,immunoglobulin molecules and immunologically active portions ofimmunoglobulin molecules, for example, molecules that contain an antigenbinding site that bind to a beta klotho epitope. The immunoglobulinmolecules provided herein can be of any type (e.g., IgG, IgE, IgM, IgD,IgA and IgY), class (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4, IgA1 and IgA2) orsubclass of immunoglobulin molecule.

Variants and derivatives of antibodies include antibody functionalfragments that retain the ability to bind to a beta klotho epitope.Exemplary functional fragments include Fab fragments (e.g., an antibodyfragment that contains the antigen-binding domain and comprises a lightchain and part of a heavy chain bridged by a disulfide bond); Fab′(e.g., an antibody fragment containing a single anti-binding domaincomprising an Fab and an additional portion of the heavy chain throughthe hinge region); F(ab′)2 (e.g., two Fab′ molecules joined byinterchain disulfide bonds in the hinge regions of the heavy chains; theFab′ molecules may be directed toward the same or different epitopes); abispecific Fab (e.g., a Fab molecule having two antigen binding domains,each of which may be directed to a different epitope); a single chainFab chain comprising a variable region, also known as, a sFv (e.g., thevariable, antigen-binding determinative region of a single light andheavy chain of an antibody linked together by a chain of 10-25 aminoacids); a disulfide-linked Fv, or dsFv (e.g., the variable,antigen-binding determinative region of a single light and heavy chainof an antibody linked together by a disulfide bond); a camelized VH(e.g., the variable, antigen-binding determinative region of a singleheavy chain of an antibody in which some amino acids at the VH interfaceare those found in the heavy chain of naturally occurring camelantibodies); a bispecific sFv (e.g., a sFv or a dsFv molecule having twoantigen-binding domains, each of which may be directed to a differentepitope); a diabody (e.g., a dimerized sFv formed when the VH domain ofa first sFv assembles with the VL domain of a second sFv and the VLdomain of the first sFv assembles with the VH domain of the second sFv;the two antigen-binding regions of the diabody may be directed towardsthe same or different epitopes); and a triabody (e.g., a trimerized sFv,formed in a manner similar to a diabody, but in which threeantigen-binding domains are created in a single complex; the threeantigen binding domains may be directed towards the same or differentepitopes). Derivatives of antibodies also include one or more CDRsequences of an antibody combining site. The CDR sequences may be linkedtogether on a scaffold when two or more CDR sequences are present. Incertain embodiments, the antibody comprises a single-chain Fv (“scFv”).scFvs are antibody fragments comprising the VH and VL domains of anantibody, wherein these domains are present in a single polypeptidechain. The scFv polypeptide may further comprise a polypeptide linkerbetween the VH and VL domains which enables the scFv to form the desiredstructure for antigen binding. For a review of scFvs see Pluckthun inThe Pharmacology of Monoclonal Antibodies, vol. 113, Rosenburg and Mooreeds. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 269-315 (1994).

4. Humanized Antibodies

The present disclosure provides humanized antibodies that bind betaklotho, including human and/or cyno beta klotho. Humanized antibodies ofthe present disclosure may comprise one or more CDRs as shown in Tables1-10. Various methods for humanizing non-human antibodies are known inthe art. For example, a humanized antibody can have one or more aminoacid residues introduced into it from a source that is non-human. Thesenon-human amino acid residues are often referred to as “import”residues, which are typically taken from an “import” variable domain.Humanization may be performed, for example, following the method ofWinter and co-workers (Jones et al. (1986) Nature 321:522-525; Riechmannet al. (1988) Nature 332:323-327; Verhoeyen et al. (1988) Science239:1534-1536), by substituting hypervariable region sequences for thecorresponding sequences of a human antibody.

In some cases, the humanized antibodies are constructed by CDR grafting,in which the amino acid sequences of the six complementarity determiningregions (CDRs) of the parent non-human antibody (e.g., rodent) aregrafted onto a human antibody framework. For example, Padlan et al.(FASEB J. 9:133-139, 1995) determined that only about one third of theresidues in the CDRs actually contact the antigen, and termed these the“specificity determining residues,” or SDRs. In the technique of SDRgrafting, only the SDR residues are grafted onto the human antibodyframework (see, e.g., Kashmiri et al., Methods 36: 25-34, 2005).

The choice of human variable domains, both light and heavy, to be usedin making the humanized antibodies can be important to reduceantigenicity. For example, according to the so-called “best-fit” method,the sequence of the variable domain of a non-human (e.g., rodent)antibody is screened against the entire library of known humanvariable-domain sequences. The human sequence which is closest to thatof the rodent may be selected as the human framework for the humanizedantibody (Sims et al. (1993) J. Immunol. 151:2296; Chothia et al. (1987)J. Mol. 196:901. Another method uses a particular framework derived fromthe consensus sequence of all human antibodies of a particular subgroupof light or heavy chains. The same framework may be used for severaldifferent humanized antibodies (Carter et al. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA, 89:4285; Presta et al. (1993) J. Immunol., 151:2623. In somecases, the framework is derived from the consensus sequences of the mostabundant human subclasses, VL6 subgroup I (VL61) and VH subgroup III(VHIII). In another method, human germline genes are used at the sourceof the framework regions.

In an alternative paradigm based on comparison of CDRs, calledSuperhumanization, FR homology is irrelevant. The method consists ofcomparison of the non-human sequence with the functional human germlinegene repertoire. Those genes encoding the same or closely relatedcanonical structures to the murine sequences are then selected. Next,within the genes sharing the canonical structures with the non-humanantibody, those with highest homology within the CDRs are chosen as FRdonors. Finally, the non-human CDRs are grafted onto these FRs (see,e.g., Tan et al., J. Immunol. 169: 1119-1125, 2002).

It is further generally desirable that antibodies be humanized withretention of their affinity for the antigen and other favorablebiological properties. To achieve this goal, according to one method,humanized antibodies are prepared by a process of analysis of theparental sequences and various conceptual humanized products usingthree-dimensional models of the parental and humanized sequences.Three-dimensional immunoglobulin models are commonly available and arefamiliar to those skilled in the art. Computer programs are availablewhich illustrate and display probable three-dimensional conformationalstructures of selected candidate immunoglobulin sequences. Theseinclude, for example, WAM (Whitelegg and Rees, Protein Eng. 13: 819-824,2000), Modeller (Sali and Blundell, J. Mol. Biol. 234: 779-815, 1993),and Swiss PDB Viewer (Guex and Peitsch, Electrophoresis 18: 2714-2713,1997). Inspection of these displays permits analysis of the likely roleof the residues in the functioning of the candidate immunoglobulinsequence, e.g., the analysis of residues that influence the ability ofthe candidate immunoglobulin to bind its antigen. In this way, FRresidues can be selected and combined from the recipient and importsequences so that the desired antibody characteristic, such as increasedaffinity for the target antigen(s), is achieved. In general, thehypervariable region residues are directly and most substantiallyinvolved in influencing antigen binding.

Another method for antibody humanization is based on a metric ofantibody humanness termed Human String Content (HSC). This methodcompares the mouse sequence with the repertoire of human germline genesand the differences are scored as HSC. The target sequence is thenhumanized by maximizing its HSC rather than using a global identitymeasure to generate multiple diverse humanized variants. (Lazar et al.,Mol. Immunol. 44: 1986-1998, 2007).

In addition to the methods described above, empirical methods may beused to generate and select humanized antibodies. These methods includethose that are based upon the generation of large libraries of humanizedvariants and selection of the best clones using enrichment technologiesor high throughput screening techniques. Antibody variants may beisolated from phage, ribosome and yeast display libraries as well as bybacterial colony screening (see, e.g., Hoogenboom, Nat. Biotechnol. 23:1105-1116, 2005; Dufner et al., Trends Biotechnol. 24: 523-529, 2006;Feldhaus et al., Nat. Biotechnol. 21: 163-70, 2003; Schlapschy et al.,Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 17: 847-60, 2004).

In the FR library approach, a collection of residue variants areintroduced at specific positions in the FR followed by selection of thelibrary to select the FR that best supports the grafted CDR. Theresidues to be substituted may include some or all of the “Vernier”residues identified as potentially contributing to CDR structure (see,e.g., Foote and Winter, J. Mol. Biol. 224: 487-499, 1992), or from themore limited set of target residues identified by Baca et al. (J. Biol.Chem. 272: 10678-10684, 1997).

In FR shuffling, whole FRs are combined with the non-human CDRs insteadof creating combinatorial libraries of selected residue variants (see,e.g., Dall'Acqua et al., Methods 36: 43-60, 2005). The libraries may bescreened for binding in a two-step selection process, first humanizingVL, followed by VH. Alternatively, a one-step FR shuffling process maybe used. Such a process has been shown to be more efficient than thetwo-step screening, as the resulting antibodies exhibited improvedbiochemical and physico-chemical properties including enhancedexpression, increased affinity and thermal stability (see, e.g.,Damschroder et al., Mol. Immunol. 44: 3049-60, 2007).

The “humaneering” method is based on experimental identification ofessential minimum specificity determinants (MSDs) and is based onsequential replacement of non-human fragments into libraries of humanFRs and assessment of binding. It begins with regions of the CDR3 ofnon-human VH and VL chains and progressively replaces other regions ofthe non-human antibody into the human FRs, including the CDR1 and CDR2of both VH and VL. This methodology typically results in epitoperetention and identification of antibodies from multiple sub-classeswith distinct human V-segment CDRs. Humaneering allows for isolation ofantibodies that are 91-96% homologous to human germline gene antibodies.(see, e.g., Alfenito, Cambridge Healthtech Institute's Third AnnualPEGS, The Protein Engineering Summit, 2007).

The “human engineering” method involves altering an non-human antibodyor antibody fragment, such as a mouse or chimeric antibody or antibodyfragment, by making specific changes to the amino acid sequence of theantibody so as to produce a modified antibody with reducedimmunogenicity in a human that nonetheless retains the desirable bindingproperties of the original non-human antibodies. Generally, thetechnique involves classifying amino acid residues of a non-human (e.g.,mouse) antibody as “low risk”, “moderate risk”, or “high risk” residues.The classification is performed using a global risk/reward calculationthat evaluates the predicted benefits of making particular substitution(e.g., for immunogenicity in humans) against the risk that thesubstitution will affect the resulting antibody's folding and/or aresubstituted with human residues. The particular human amino acid residueto be substituted at a given position (e.g., low or moderate risk) of anon-human (e.g., mouse) antibody sequence can be selected by aligning anamino acid sequence from the non-human antibody's variable regions withthe corresponding region of a specific or consensus human antibodysequence. The amino acid residues at low or moderate risk positions inthe non-human sequence can be substituted for the corresponding residuesin the human antibody sequence according to the alignment. Techniquesfor making human engineered proteins are described in greater detail inStudnicka et al., Protein Engineering, 7: 805-814 (1994), U.S. Pat. Nos.5,766,886, 5,770,196, 5,821,123, and 5,869,619, and PCT ApplicationPublication WO 93/11794.

5. Human Antibodies

Human anti-beta klotho antibodies can be constructed by combining Fvclone variable domain sequence(s) selected from human-derived phagedisplay libraries with known human constant domain sequences(s).Alternatively, human monoclonal anti-beta klotho antibodies of thepresent disclosure can be made by the hybridoma method. Human myelomaand mouse-human heteromyeloma cell lines for the production of humanmonoclonal antibodies have been described, for example, by Kozbor J.Immunol., 133: 3001 (1984); Brodeur et al., Monoclonal AntibodyProduction Techniques and Applications, pp. 51-63 (Marcel Dekker, Inc.,New York, 1987); and Boerner et al., J. Immunol., 147: 86 (1991).

It is also possible to produce transgenic animals (e.g., mice) that arecapable, upon immunization, of producing a full repertoire of humanantibodies in the absence of endogenous immunoglobulin production.Transgenic mice that express human antibody repertoires have been usedto generate high-affinity human sequence monoclonal antibodies against awide variety of potential drug targets (see, e.g., Jakobovits, A., Curr.Opin. Biotechnol. 1995, 6(5):561-6; Bruggemann and Taussing, Curr. Opin.Biotechnol. 1997, 8(4):455-8; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,075,181 and 6,150,584;and Lonberg et al., Nature Biotechnol. 23: 1117-1125, 2005).

Alternatively, the human antibody may be prepared via immortalization ofhuman B lymphocytes producing an antibody directed against a targetantigen (e.g., such B lymphocytes may be recovered from an individual ormay have been immunized in vitro) (see, e.g., Cole et al., MonoclonalAntibodies and Cancer Therapy, Alan R. Liss, p. 77 (1985); Boerner etal., J. Immunol., 147 (1):86-95 (1991); and U.S. Pat. No. 5,750,373).

Gene shuffling can also be used to derive human antibodies fromnon-human, for example, rodent, antibodies, where the human antibody hassimilar affinities and specificities to the starting non-human antibody.According to this method, which is also called “epitope imprinting” or“guided selection”, either the heavy or light chain variable region of anon-human antibody fragment obtained by phage display techniques asdescribed herein is replaced with a repertoire of human V domain genes,creating a population of non-human chain/human chain scFv or Fabchimeras. Selection with antigen results in isolation of a non-humanchain/human chain chimeric scFv or Fab wherein the human chain restoresthe antigen binding site destroyed upon removal of the correspondingnon-human chain in the primary phage display clone, (e.g., the epitopeguides (imprints) the choice of the human chain partner). When theprocess is repeated in order to replace the remaining non-human chain, ahuman antibody is obtained (see, e.g., PCT WO 93/06213; and Osbourn etal., Methods., 36, 61-68, 2005). Unlike traditional humanization ofnon-human antibodies by CDR grafting, this technique provides completelyhuman antibodies, which have no FR or CDR residues of non-human origin.Examples of guided selection to humanize mouse antibodies towards cellsurface antigens include the folate-binding protein present on ovariancancer cells (see, e.g., Figini et al., Cancer Res., 58, 991-996, 1998)and CD147, which is highly expressed on hepatocellular carcinoma (see,e.g., Bao et al., Cancer Biol. Ther., 4, 1374-1380, 2005).

A potential disadvantage of the guided selection approach is thatshuffling of one antibody chain while keeping the other constant couldresult in epitope drift. In order to maintain the epitope recognized bythe non-human antibody, CDR retention can be applied (see, e.g., Klimkaet al., Br. J. Cancer., 83, 252-260, 2000; VH CDR2 Beiboer et al., J.Mol. Biol., 296, 833-49, 2000) In this method, the non-human VH CDR3 iscommonly retained, as this CDR may be at the center of theantigen-binding site and may be to be the most important region of theantibody for antigen recognition. In some instances, however, VH CDR3and VL CDR3, as well as VH CDR3, VL CDR3 and VL CFR1, of the non-humanantibody may be retained.

6. Bispecific Antibodies

Bispecific antibodies are monoclonal antibodies that have bindingspecificities for at least two different antigens. In certainembodiments, bispecific antibodies are human or humanized antibodies. Incertain embodiments, one of the binding specificities is for beta klothoand the other is for any other antigen. In some embodiments, one of thebinding specificities is for beta klotho, and the other is for anothersurface antigen expressed on cells expressing beta klotho and a FGFreceptor (e.g., FGFR1c, FGFR2c, FGFR3c, FGFR4). In certain embodiments,bispecific antibodies may bind to two different epitopes of beta klotho.Bispecific antibodies can be prepared as full length antibodies orantibody fragments (e.g., F(ab′)2 bispecific antibodies).

Methods for making bispecific antibodies are known in the art, such as,for example, by co-expression of two immunoglobulin heavy chain-lightchain pairs, where the two heavy chains have different specificities(see, e.g., Milstein and Cuello, Nature, 305: 537 (1983)). For furtherdetails of generating bispecific antibodies see, for example, BispecificAntibodies, Kontermann, ed., Springer-Verlag, Hiedelberg (2011).

7. Multivalent Antibodies

A multivalent antibody may be internalized (and/or catabolized) fasterthan a bivalent antibody by a cell expressing an antigen to which theantibodies bind. The antibodies of the present disclosure can bemultivalent antibodies (which are other than of the IgM class) withthree or more antigen binding sites (e.g., tetravalent antibodies),which can be readily produced by recombinant expression of nucleic acidencoding the polypeptide chains of the antibody. The multivalentantibody can comprise a dimerization domain and three or more antigenbinding sites. In certain embodiments, the dimerization domain comprises(or consists of) an Fc region or a hinge region. In this scenario, theantibody will comprise an Fc region and three or more antigen bindingsites amino-terminal to the Fc region. In certain embodiments, amultivalent antibody comprises (or consists of) three to about eightantigen binding sites. In one such embodiment, a multivalent antibodycomprises (or consists of) four antigen binding sites. The multivalentantibody comprises at least one polypeptide chain (for example, twopolypeptide chains), wherein the polypeptide chain(s) comprise two ormore variable domains. For instance, the polypeptide chain(s) maycomprise VD1-(X1)n-VD2-(X2)n-Fc, wherein VD1 is a first variable domain,VD2 is a second variable domain, Fc is one polypeptide chain of an Fcregion, X1 and X2 represent an amino acid or polypeptide, and n is 0or 1. For instance, the polypeptide chain(s) may comprise:VH-CH1-flexible linker-VH-CH1-Fc region chain; or VH-CH1-VH-CH1-Fcregion chain. The multivalent antibody herein may further comprise atleast two (for example, four) light chain variable domain polypeptides.The multivalent antibody herein may, for instance, comprise from abouttwo to about eight light chain variable domain polypeptides. The lightchain variable domain polypeptides contemplated here comprise a lightchain variable domain and, optionally, further comprise a CL domain.

8. Fc Engineering

It may be desirable to modify an antibody to beta klotho via Fcengineering, including, with respect to effector function, for example,so as to decrease or remove antigen-dependent cell-mediated cyotoxicity(ADCC) and/or complement dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) of the antibody.This may be achieved by introducing one or more amino acid substitutionsin an Fc region of the antibody. For example, substitutions into humanIgG1 using IgG2 residues as positions 233-236 and IgG4 residues atpositions 327, 330 and 331 were shown to greatly reduce ADCC and CDC(see, e.g., Armour et al., Eur. J. Immunol. 29:(8):2613-24 (1999);Shields et al., J. Biol. Chem. 276(9): 6591-604 (2001).

To increase the serum half life of the antibody, one may incorporate asalvage receptor binding epitope into the antibody (especially anantibody fragment), for example, as described in U.S. Pat. No.5,739,277. Term “salvage receptor binding epitope” refers to an epitopeof the Fc region of an IgG molecule (e.g., IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, or IgG4)that is responsible for increasing the in vivo serum half-life of theIgG molecule.

9. Alternative Binding Agents

The present disclosure encompasses non-immunoglobulin binding agentsthat specifically bind to the same epitope as an anti-beta klothoantibody disclosed herein. In some embodiments, a non-immunoglobulinbinding agent is identified an agent that displaces or is displaced byan anti-beta klotho antibody of the present disclosure in a competitivebinding assay. These alternative binding agents may include, forexample, any of the engineered protein scaffolds known in the art. Suchscaffolds may comprise one or more CDRs as shown in Tables 1-10. Suchscaffolds include, for example, anticalins, which are based upon thelipocalin scaffold, a protein structure characterized by a rigidbeta-barrel that supports four hypervariable loops which form the ligandbinding site. Novel binding specificities may be engineered by targetedrandom mutagenesis in the loop regions, in combination with functionaldisplay and guided selection (see, e.g., Skerra (2008) FEBS J. 275:2677-2683). Other suitable scaffolds may include, for example,adnectins, or monobodies, based on the tenth extracellular domain ofhuman fibronectin III (see, e.g., Koide and Koide (2007) Methods Mol.Biol. 352: 95-109); affibodies, based on the Z domain of staphylococcalprotein A (see, e.g., Nygren et al. (2008) FEBS J. 275: 2668-2676));DARPins, based on ankyrin repeat proteins (see, e.g., Stumpp et al.(2008) Drug. Discov. Today 13: 695-701); fynomers, based on the SH3domain of the human Fyn protein kinase Grabulovski et al. (2007) J.Biol. Chem. 282: 3196-3204); affitins, based on Sac7d from Sulfolobusacidolarius (see, e.g., Krehenbrink et al. (2008) J. Mol. Biol. 383:1058-1068); affilins, based on human y-B-crystallin (see, e.g.,Ebersbach et al. (2007) J. Mol. Biol. 372: 172-185); avimers, based onthe A domains of membrane receptor proteins (see, e.g., Silverman et al.(2005) Biotechnol. 23: 1556-1561); cysteine-rich knottin peptides (see,e.g., Kolmar (2008) FEBS J. 275: 2684-2690); and engineered Kunitz-typeinhibitors (see, e.g., Nixon and Wood (2006) Curr. Opin. Drug. Discov.Dev. 9: 261-268) For a review, see, for example, Gebauer and Skerra(2009) Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 13: 245-255.

Antibody Variants

In some embodiments, amino acid sequence modification(s) of theantibodies that bind to beta klotho or described herein arecontemplated. For example, it may be desirable to improve the bindingaffinity and/or other biological properties of the antibody, includingbut not limited to specificity, thermostability, expression level,effector functions, glycosylation, reduced immunogenicity or solubility.This, in addition to the anti-beta klotho antibodies described herein,it is contemplated that anti-beta klotho antibody variants can beprepared. For example, anti-beta klotho antibody variants can beprepared by introducing appropriate nucleotide changes into the encodingDNA, and/or by synthesis of the desired antibody or polypeptide. Thoseskilled in the art will appreciate that amino acid changes may alterpost-translational processes of the anti-beta klotho antibody, such aschanging the number or position of glycosylation sites or altering themembrane anchoring characteristics.

In some embodiments, antibodies provided herein are chemically modified,for example, by the covalent attachment of any type of molecule to theantibody. The antibody derivatives may include antibodies that have beenchemically modified, for example, by glycosylation, acetylation,pegylation, phosphorylation, amidation, derivatization by knownprotecting/blocking groups, proteolytic cleavage, linkage to a cellularligand or other protein, etc. Any of numerous chemical modifications maybe carried out by known techniques, including, but not limited, tospecific chemical cleavage, acetylation, formulation, metabolicsynthesis of tunicamycin, etc. Additionally, the antibody may containone or more non-classical amino acids.

Variations may be a substitution, deletion or insertion of one or morecodons encoding the antibody or polypeptide that results in a change inthe amino acid sequence as compared with the native sequence antibody orpolypeptide. Amino acid substitutions can be the result of replacing oneamino acid with another amino acid having similar structural and/orchemical properties, such as the replacement of a leucine with a serine,e.g., conservative amino acid replacements. Insertions or deletions mayoptionally be in the range of about 1 to 5 amino acids. In certainembodiments, the substitution, deletion or insertion includes less than25 amino acid substitutions, less than 20 amino acid substitutions, lessthan 15 amino acid substitutions, less than 10 amino acid substitutions,less than 5 amino acid substitutions, less than 4 amino acidsubstitutions, less than 3 amino acid substitutions, or less than 2amino acid substitutions relative to the original molecule. In aspecific embodiment, the substitution is a conservative amino acidsubstitution made at one or more predicted non-essential amino acidresidues. The variation allowed may be determined by systematicallymaking insertions, deletions or substitutions of amino acids in thesequence and testing the resulting variants for activity exhibited bythe full-length or mature native sequence.

Amino acid sequence insertions include amino- and/or carboxyl-terminalfusions ranging in length from one residue to polypeptides containing ahundred or more residues, as well as intrasequence insertions of singleor multiple amino acid residues. Examples of terminal insertions includean antibody with an N-terminal methionyl residue. Other insertionalvariants of the antibody molecule include the fusion to the N- orC-terminus of the antibody to an enzyme (e.g., for antibody-directedenzyme prodrug therapy) or a polypeptide which increases the serumhalf-life of the antibody.

Substantial modifications in the biological properties of the antibodyare accomplished by selecting substitutions that differ significantly intheir effect on maintaining (a) the structure of the polypeptidebackbone in the area of the substitution, for example, as a sheet orhelical conformation, (b) the charge or hydrophobicity of the moleculeat the target site, or (c) the bulk of the side chain. Alternatively,conservative (e.g., within an amino acid group with similar propertiesand/or sidechains) substitutions may be made, so as to maintain or notsignificantly change the properties. Amino acids may be groupedaccording to similarities in the properties of their side chains (see,e.g., A. L. Lehninger, in Biochemistry, 2nd Ed., pp. 73-75, WorthPublishers, New York (1975)): (1) non-polar: Ala (A), Val (V), Leu (L),Ile (I), Pro (P), Phe (F), Trp (W), Met (M); (2) uncharged polar: Gly(G), Ser (S), Thr (T), Cys (C), Tyr (Y), Asn (N), Gln (Q); (3) acidic:Asp (D), Glu (E); and (4) basic: Lys (K), Arg (R), His(H).

Alternatively, naturally occurring residues may be divided into groupsbased on common side-chain properties: (1) hydrophobic: Norleucine, Met,Ala, Val, Leu, Ile, (2) neutral hydrophilic: Cys, Ser, Thr, Asn, Gin;(3) acidic: Asp, Glu; (4) basic: His, Lys, Arg; (5) residues thatinfluence chain orientation: Gly, Pro; and (6) aromatic: Trp, Tyr, Phe.

Non-conservative substitutions entail exchanging a member of one ofthese classes for another class. Such substituted residues also may beintroduced into the conservative substitution sites or, into theremaining (non-conserved) sites. Accordingly, in one embodiment, anantibody or fragment thereof that binds to a beta klotho epitopecomprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, atleast 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, atleast 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, atleast 95%, or at least 99% identical to the amino acid sequence of amurine monoclonal antibody described herein. In one embodiment, anantibody or fragment thereof that binds to a beta klotho epitopecomprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, atleast 45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, atleast 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, atleast 95%, or at least 99% identical to an amino acid sequence depictedin Tables 1-10. In yet another embodiment, an antibody or fragmentthereof that binds to a beta klotho epitope comprises a VH CDR and/or aVL CDR amino acid sequence that is at least 35%, at least 40%, at least45%, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least95%, or at least 99% identical to a VH CDR amino acid sequence depictedin Tables 1-10 and/or a VL CDR amino acid sequence depicted in Tables1-10. The variations can be made using methods known in the art such asoligonucleotide-mediated (site-directed) mutagenesis, alanine scanning,and PCR mutagenesis. Site-directed mutagenesis (see, e.g., Carter etal., Nucl. Acids Res., 13:4331 (1986); Zoller et al., Nucl. Acids Res.,10:6487 (1987)), cassette mutagenesis (see, e.g., Wells et al., Gene,34:315 (1985)), restriction selection mutagenesis (see, e.g., Wells etal., Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London SerA, 317:415 (1986)) or other knowntechniques can be performed on the cloned DNA to produce the anti-betaklotho antibody variant DNA.

Any cysteine residue not involved in maintaining the proper conformationof the anti-beta klotho antibody also may be substituted, for example,with another amino acid such as alanine or serine, to improve theoxidative stability of the molecule and prevent aberrant crosslinking.Conversely, cysteine bond(s) may be added to the anti-beta klothoantibody to improve its stability (e.g., where the antibody is anantibody fragment such as an Fv fragment).

In some embodiments, an anti-beta klotho antibody molecule of thepresent disclosure is a “de-immunized” antibody. A “de-immunized”anti-beta klotho antibody is an antibody derived from a humanized orchimeric anti-beta klotho antibody, that has one or more alterations inits amino acid sequence resulting in a reduction of immunogenicity ofthe antibody, compared to the respective original non-de-immunizedantibody. One of the procedures for generating such antibody mutantsinvolves the identification and removal of T-cell epitopes of theantibody molecule. In a first step, the immunogenicity of the antibodymolecule can be determined by several methods, for example, by in vitrodetermination of T-cell epitopes or in silico prediction of suchepitopes, as known in the art. Once the critical residues for T-cellepitope function have been identified, mutations can be made to removeimmunogenicity and retain antibody activity. For review, see, forexample, Jones et al., Methods in Molecular Biology 525: 405-423, 2009.

1. In Vitro Affinity Maturation

In some embodiments, antibody variants having an improved property suchas affinity, stability, or expression level as compared to a parentantibody may be prepared by in vitro affinity maturation. Like thenatural prototype, in vitro affinity maturation is based on theprinciples of mutation and selection. Libraries of antibodies aredisplayed as Fab, scFv or V domain fragments either on the surface of anorganism (e.g., phage, bacteria, yeast or mammalian cell) or inassociation (e.g., covalently or non-covalently) with their encodingmRNA or DNA. Affinity selection of the displayed antibodies allowsisolation of organisms or complexes carrying the genetic informationencoding the antibodies. Two or three rounds of mutation and selectionusing display methods such as phage display usually results in antibodyfragments with affinities in the low nanomolar range. Preferred affinitymatured antibodies will have nanomolar or even picomolar affinities forthe target antigen.

Phage display is a widespread method for display and selection ofantibodies. The antibodies are displayed on the surface of Fd or M13bacteriophages as fusions to the bacteriophage coat protein. Selectioninvolves exposure to antigen to allow phage-displayed antibodies to bindtheir targets, a process referred to as “panning.” Phage bound toantigen are recovered and infected in bacteria to produce phage forfurther rounds of selection. For review, see, for example, Hoogenboom,Methods. Mol. Biol. 178: 1-37, 2002; Bradbury and Marks, J. Immuno.Methods 290: 29-49, 2004).

In a yeast display system (see, e.g., Boder et al., Nat. Biotech. 15:553-57, 1997; Chao et al., Nat. Protocols 1:755-768, 2006), the antibodymay be displayed as single-chain variable fusions (scFv) in which theheavy and light chains are connected by a flexible linker. The scFv isfused to the adhesion subunit of the yeast agglutinin protein Aga2p,which attaches to the yeast cell wall through disulfide bonds to Aga1p.Display of a protein via Aga2p projects the protein away from the cellsurface, minimizing potential interactions with other molecules on theyeast cell wall. Magnetic separation and flow cytometry are used toscreen the library to select for antibodies with improved affinity orstability. Binding to a soluble antigen of interest is determined bylabeling of yeast with biotinylated antigen and a secondary reagent suchas streptavidin conjugated to a fluorophore. Variations in surfaceexpression of the antibody can be measured through immunofluorescencelabeling of either the hemagglutinin or c-Myc epitope tag flanking thescFv. Expression has been shown to correlate with the stability of thedisplayed protein, and thus antibodies can be selected for improvedstability as well as affinity (see, e.g., Shusta et al., J. Mol. Biol.292: 949-956, 1999). An additional advantage of yeast display is thatdisplayed proteins are folded in the endoplasmic reticulum of theeukaryotic yeast cells, taking advantage of endoplasmic reticulumchaperones and quality-control machinery. Once maturation is complete,antibody affinity can be conveniently ‘titrated’ while displayed on thesurface of the yeast, eliminating the need for expression andpurification of each clone. A theoretical limitation of yeast surfacedisplay is the potentially smaller functional library size than that ofother display methods; however, a recent approach uses the yeast cells'mating system to create combinatorial diversity estimated to be 10¹⁴ insize (see, e.g., US Patent Publication 2003/0186,374; Blaise et al.,Gene 342: 211-218, 2004).

In ribosome display, antibody-ribosome-mRNA (ARM) complexes aregenerated for selection in a cell-free system. The DNA library codingfor a particular library of antibodies is genetically fused to a spacersequence lacking a stop codon. This spacer sequence, when translated, isstill attached to the peptidyl tRNA and occupies the ribosomal tunnel,and thus allows the protein of interest to protrude out of the ribosomeand fold. The resulting complex of mRNA, ribosome, and protein can bindto surface-bound ligand, allowing simultaneous isolation of the antibodyand its encoding mRNA through affinity capture with the ligand. Theribosome-bound mRNA is then reversed transcribed back into cDNA, whichcan then undergo mutagenesis and be used in the next round of selection(see, e.g., Fukuda et al., Nucleic Acids Res. 34, e127, 2006). In mRNAdisplay, a covalent bond between antibody and mRNA is established usingpuromycin as an adaptor molecule (Wilson et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.USA 98, 3750-3755, 2001).

As these methods are performed entirely in vitro, they provide two mainadvantages over other selection technologies. First, the diversity ofthe library is not limited by the transformation efficiency of bacterialcells, but only by the number of ribosomes and different mRNA moleculespresent in the test tube. Second, random mutations can be introducedeasily after each selection round, for example, by non-proofreadingpolymerases, as no library must be transformed after any diversificationstep.

Diversity may be introduced into the CDRs or the whole V genes of theantibody libraries in a targeted manner or via random introduction. Theformer approach includes sequentially targeting all the CDRs of anantibody via a high or low level of mutagenesis or targeting isolatedhot spots of somatic hypermutations (see, e.g., Ho, et al., J. Biol.Chem. 280: 607-617, 2005) or residues suspected of affecting affinity onexperimental basis or structural reasons. Random mutations can beintroduced throughout the whole V gene using E. coli mutator strains,error-prone replication with DNA polymerases (see, e.g., Hawkins et al.,J. Mol. Biol. 226: 889-896, 1992) or RNA replicases. Diversity may alsobe introduced by replacement of regions that are naturally diverse viaDNA shuffling or similar techniques (see, e.g., Lu et al., J. Biol.Chem. 278: 43496-43507, 2003; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,565,332; 6,989,250).Alternative techniques target hypervariable loops extending intoframework-region residues (see, e.g., Bond et al., J. Mol. Biol. 348:699-709, 2005) employ loop deletions and insertions in CDRs or usehybridization-based diversification (see, e.g., US Patent PublicationNo. 2004/0005709). Additional methods of generating diversity in CDRsare disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 7,985,840.

Screening of the libraries can be accomplished by various techniquesknown in the art. For example, beta klotho can be immobilized onto solidsupports, columns, pins or cellulose/poly(vinylidene fluoride)membranes/other filters, expressed on host cells affixed to adsorptionplates or used in cell sorting, or conjugated to biotin for capture withstreptavidin-coated beads, or used in any other method for panningdisplay libraries.

For review of in vitro affinity maturation methods, see, e.g.,Hoogenboom, Nature Biotechnology 23: 1105-1116, 2005 and Quiroz andSinclair, Revista Ingeneria Biomedia 4: 39-51, 2010 and referencestherein.

2. Modifications of Anti-Beta Klotho Antibodies

Covalent modifications of anti-beta klotho antibodies are includedwithin the scope of the present disclosure. Covalent modificationsinclude reacting targeted amino acid residues of an anti-beta klothoantibody with an organic derivatizing agent that is capable of reactingwith selected side chains or the N- or C-terminal residues of theanti-beta klotho antibody. Other modifications include deamidation ofglutaminyl and asparaginyl residues to the corresponding glutamyl andaspartyl residues, respectively, hydroxylation of proline and lysine,phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of seryl or threonyl residues,methylation of the α-amino groups of lysine, arginine, and histidineside chains (see, e.g., T. E. Creighton, Proteins: Structure andMolecular Properties, W. H. Freeman & Co., San Francisco, pp. 79-86(1983)), acetylation of the N-terminal amine, and amidation of anyC-terminal carboxyl group.

Other types of covalent modification of the anti-beta klotho antibodyincluded within the scope of this present disclosure include alteringthe native glycosylation pattern of the antibody or polypeptide (see,e.g., Beck et al., Curr. Pharm. Biotechnol. 9: 482-501, 2008; Walsh,Drug Discov. Today 15: 773-780, 2010), and linking the antibody to oneof a variety of nonproteinaceous polymers, e.g., polyethylene glycol(PEG), polypropylene glycol, or polyoxyalkylenes, in the manner setforth, for example, in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,640,835; 4,496,689; 4,301,144;4,670,417; 4,791,192 or 4,179,337.

An anti-beta klotho antibody of the present disclosure may also bemodified to form chimeric molecules comprising an anti-beta klothoantibody fused to another, heterologous polypeptide or amino acidsequence, for example, an epitope tag (see, e.g., Terpe, Appl.Microbiol. Biotechnol. 60: 523-533, 2003) or the Fc region of an IgGmolecule (see, e.g., Aruffo, “Immunoglobulin fusion proteins” inAntibody Fusion Proteins, S. M. Chamow and A. Ashkenazi, eds.,Wiley-Liss, New York, 1999, pp. 221-242).

Also provided herein are fusion proteins comprising an antibody providedherein that binds to a beta klotho antigen and a heterologouspolypeptide. In some embodiments, the heterologous polypeptide to whichthe antibody is fused is useful for targeting the antibody to cellshaving cell surface-expressed beta klotho.

Also provided herein are panels of antibodies that bind to a beta klothoantigen. In specific embodiments, panels of antibodies have differentassociation rate constants different dissociation rate constants,different affinities for beta klotho antigen, and/or differentspecificities for a beta klotho antigen. In some embodiments, the panelscomprise or consist of about 10, about 25, about 50, about 75, about100, about 125, about 150, about 175, about 200, about 250, about 300,about 350, about 400, about 450, about 500, about 550, about 600, about650, about 700, about 750, about 800, about 850, about 900, about 950,or about 1000 antibodies or more. Panels of antibodies can be used, forexample, in 96 well or 384 well plates, such as for assays such asELISAs.

Preparation of Anti-Beta Klotho Antibodies

Anti-beta klotho antibodies may be produced by culturing cellstransformed or transfected with a vector containing anti-beta klothoantibody-encoding nucleic acids. Polynucleotide sequences encodingpolypeptide components of the antibody of the present disclosure can beobtained using standard recombinant techniques. Desired polynucleotidesequences may be isolated and sequenced from antibody producing cellssuch as hybridomas cells. Alternatively, polynucleotides can besynthesized using nucleotide synthesizer or PCR techniques. Onceobtained, sequences encoding the polypeptides are inserted into arecombinant vector capable of replicating and expressing heterologouspolynucleotides in host cells. Many vectors that are available and knownin the art can be used for the purpose of the present disclosure.Selection of an appropriate vector will depend mainly on the size of thenucleic acids to be inserted into the vector and the particular hostcell to be transformed with the vector. Host cells suitable forexpressing antibodies of the present disclosure include prokaryotes suchas Archaebacteria and Eubacteria, including Gram-negative orGram-positive organisms, eukaryotic microbes such as filamentous fungior yeast, invertebrate cells such as insect or plant cells, andvertebrate cells such as mammalian host cell lines. Host cells aretransformed with the above-described expression vectors and cultured inconventional nutrient media modified as appropriate for inducingpromoters, selecting transformants, or amplifying the genes encoding thedesired sequences. Antibodies produced by the host cells are purifiedusing standard protein purification methods as known in the art.

Methods for antibody production including vector construction,expression and purification are further described, in Plückthun et al.,(1996) in Antibody Engineering: Producing antibodies in Escherichiacoli: From PCR to fermentation (McCafferty, J., Hoogenboom, H. R., andChiswell, D. J., eds), 1 Ed., pp. 203-252, IRL Press, Oxford; Kwong, K.& Rader, C., E. coli expression and purification of Fab antibodyfragments, Current protocols in protein science editorial board John EColigan et al., Chapter 6, Unit 6.10 (2009); Tachibana and Takekoshi,“Production of Antibody Fab Fragments in Escherichia coli,” in AntibodyExpression and Production, M. Al-Rubeai, Ed., Springer, New York, 2011;Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Clinic (ed Z. An), JohnWiley & Sons, Inc., Hoboken, N.J., USA.

It is, of course, contemplated that alternative methods, which are wellknown in the art, may be employed to prepare anti-beta klothoantibodies. For instance, the appropriate amino acid sequence, orportions thereof, may be produced by direct peptide synthesis usingsolid-phase techniques (see, e.g., Stewart et al., Solid-Phase PeptideSynthesis, W.H. Freeman Co., San Francisco, Calif. (1969); Merrifield,J. Am. Chem. Soc., 85:2149-2154 (1963)). In vitro protein synthesis maybe performed using manual techniques or by automation. Various portionsof the anti-beta klotho antibody may be chemically synthesizedseparately and combined using chemical or enzymatic methods to producethe desired anti-beta klotho antibody. Alternatively, antibodies may bepurified from cells or bodily fluids, such as milk, of a transgenicanimal engineered to express the antibody, as disclosed, for example, inU.S. Pat. Nos. 5,545,807 and 5,827,690.

Immunoconjugates

The present disclosure also provides conjugates comprising any one ofthe anti-beta klotho antibodies of the present disclosure covalentlybound by a synthetic linker to one or more non-antibody agents.

A variety of radioactive isotopes are available for the production ofradioconjugated antibodies. Examples include At²¹¹, I4, I4, Y4, Re4,Re4, Sm4, Bi4, P4, Pb4 and radioactive isotopes of Lu. When theconjugate is used for detection, it may comprise a radioactive atom forscintigraphic studies, for example tc4 or I4, or a spin label fornuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging (also known as magneticresonance imaging, MRI), such as iodine-123 again, iodine-131,indium-111, fluorine-19, carbon-13, nitrogen-15, oxygen-17, gadolinium,manganese or iron. The radioisotopes may be incorporated in theconjugate in known ways as described, e.g., in Reilly, “Theradiochemistry of monoclonal antibodies and peptides,” in MonoclonalAntibody and Peptide-Targeted Radiotherapy of Cancer, R. M. Reilly, ed.,Wiley, Hoboken N.J., 2010.

In some embodiments, antibodies provided herein are conjugated orrecombinantly fused to a diagnostic, detectable or therapeutic agent orany other molecule. The conjugated or recombinantly fused antibodies canbe useful, for example, for monitoring or prognosing the onset,development, progression and/or severity of a beta klotho-mediateddisease as part of a clinical testing procedure, such as determining theefficacy of a particular therapy.

Such diagnosis and detection can accomplished, for example, by couplingthe antibody to detectable substances including, but not limited to,various enzymes, such as, but not limited to, horseradish peroxidase,alkaline phosphatase, beta-galactosidase, or acetylcholinesterase;prosthetic groups, such as, but not limited to, streptavidin/biotin andavidin/biotin; fluorescent materials, such as, but not limited to,umbelliferone, fluorescein, fluorescein isothiocynate, rhodamine,dichlorotriazinylamine fluorescein, dansyl chloride or phycoerythrin;luminescent materials, such as, but not limited to, luminol;bioluminescent materials, such as but not limited to, luciferase,luciferin, and aequorin; chemiluminescent material, such as but notlimited to, an acridinium based compound or a HALOTAG; radioactivematerials, such as, but not limited to, iodine (¹³¹I, ¹²⁵I, ¹²³I, and¹²¹I), carbon (¹⁴C), sulfur (³⁵S), tritium (³H), indium (¹¹⁵In, ¹¹³In,¹¹²In, and ¹¹¹In), technetium (⁹⁹Tc), thallium (Ti), gallium (⁶⁸Ga,⁶⁷Ga), palladium (¹⁹³Pd), molybdenum (⁹⁹Mo), xenon (¹³³Xe), fluorine(¹⁸F), ¹⁵³Sm, ¹⁷⁷Lu, ¹⁵⁹Gd, ¹⁴⁹Pm, ¹⁴⁰La, ¹⁷⁵Yb, ¹⁶⁶Ho, ⁹⁰Y, ⁴⁷5c,¹⁸⁶Re, ¹⁸⁸Re, ¹⁴²Pr, ¹⁰⁵Rh, ⁹⁷Ru, ⁶⁸Ge, ⁵⁷Co, ⁶⁵Zn, ⁸⁶Sr, ³²P, ¹⁵³Gd,¹⁶⁹Yb, ⁵¹Cr, ⁵⁴Mn, ⁷⁵Se, ¹¹³Sn, and ¹¹⁷Sn, and positron emitting metalsusing various positron emission tomographies, and non-radioactiveparamagnetic metal ions.

Also provided herein are antibodies that are conjugated or recombinantlyfused to a therapeutic moiety (or one or more therapeutic moieties), aswell as uses thereof. The antibody may be conjugated or recombinantlyfused to a therapeutic moiety, including a cytotoxin such as acytostatic or cytocidal agent, a therapeutic agent or a radioactivemetal ion such as alpha-emitters. A cytotoxin or cytotoxic agentincludes any agent that is detrimental to cells.

Further, an antibody provided herein may be conjugated or recombinantlyfused to a therapeutic moiety or drug moiety that modifies a givenbiological response. Therapeutic moieties or drug moieties are not to beconstrued as limited to classical chemical therapeutic agents. Forexample, the drug moiety may be a protein, peptide, or polypeptidepossessing a desired biological activity. Such proteins may include, forexample, a toxin such as abrin, ricin A, pseudomonas exotoxin, choleratoxin, or diphtheria toxin; a protein such as tumor necrosis factor,γ-interferon, α-interferon, nerve growth factor, platelet derived growthfactor, tissue plasminogen activator, an apoptotic agent, e.g., TNF-γ,TNF-γ, AIM I (see, e.g., International Publication No. WO 97/33899), AIMII (see, e.g., International Publication No. WO 97/34911), Fas Ligand(see, e.g., Takahashi et al., 1994, J. Immunol., 6:1567-1574), and VEGF(see, e.g., International Publication No. WO 99/23105), ananti-angiogenic agent, including, for example angiostatin, endostatin ora component of the coagulation pathway (e.g., tissue factor); or, abiological response modifier such as, for example, a lymphokine (e.g.,interferon gamma, interleukin-1 (“IL-1”), interleukin-2 (“IL-2”),interleukin-5 (“IL-5”), interleukin-6 (“IL-6”), interleukin-7 (“IL-7”),interleukin 9 (“IL-9”), interleukin-10 (“IL-10”), interleukin-12(“IL-12”), interleukin-15 (“IL-15”), interleukin-23 (“IL-23”),granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (“GM-CSF”), andgranulocyte colony stimulating factor (“G-CSF”)), or a growth factor(e.g., growth hormone (“GH”)), or a coagulation agent (e.g., calcium,vitamin K, tissue factors, such as but not limited to, Hageman factor(factor XII), high-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK), prekallikrein(PK), coagulation proteins-factors II (prothrombin), factor V, XIIa,VIII, XIIIa, XI, XIa, IX, IXa, X, phospholipid, and fibrin monomer).

Also provided herein are antibodies that are recombinantly fused orchemically conjugated (covalent or non-covalent conjugations) to aheterologous protein or polypeptide (or fragment thereof, for example,to a polypeptide of about 10, about 20, about 30, about 40, about 50,about 60, about 70, about 80, about 90 or about 100 amino acids) togenerate fusion proteins, as well as uses thereof. In particular,provided herein are fusion proteins comprising an antigen-bindingfragment of an antibody provided herein (e.g., a Fab fragment, Fdfragment, Fv fragment, F(ab)₂ fragment, a VH domain, a VH CDR, a VLdomain or a VL CDR) and a heterologous protein, polypeptide, or peptide.In one embodiment, the heterologous protein, polypeptide, or peptidethat the antibody is fused to is useful for targeting the antibody to aparticular cell type, such as a cell that expresses beta klotho or anbeta klotho receptor. For example, an antibody that binds to a cellsurface receptor expressed by a particular cell type (e.g., an immunecell) may be fused or conjugated to a modified antibody provided herein.

In addition, an antibody provided herein can be conjugated totherapeutic moieties such as a radioactive metal ion, such asalpha-emitters such as ²¹³Bi or macrocyclic chelators useful forconjugating radiometal ions, including but not limited to, ¹³¹In, ¹³¹LU,¹³¹Y, ¹³¹Ho, ¹³¹Sm, to polypeptides. In certain embodiments, themacrocyclic chelator is1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-N,N′,N″,N′″-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) whichcan be attached to the antibody via a linker molecule. Such linkermolecules are commonly known in the art and described, for example, inDenardo et al., 1998, Clin Cancer Res. 4(10):2483-90; Peterson et al.,1999, Bioconjug. Chem. 10(4):553-7; and Zimmerman et al., 1999, Nucl.Med. Biol. 26(8):943-50.

Moreover, antibodies provided herein can be fused to marker or “tag”sequences, such as a peptide to facilitate purification. In specificembodiments, the marker or tag amino acid sequence is a hexa-histidinepeptide, such as the tag provided in a pQE vector (see, e.g., QIAGEN,Inc.), among others, many of which are commercially available. Forexample, as described in Gentz et al., 1989, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA86:821-824, hexa-histidine provides for convenient purification of thefusion protein. Other peptide tags useful for purification include, butare not limited to, the hemagglutinin (“HA”) tag, which corresponds toan epitope derived from the influenza hemagglutinin protein (Wilson etal., 1984, Cell 37:767), and the “FLAG” tag.

Methods for fusing or conjugating therapeutic moieties (includingpolypeptides) to antibodies are well known, (see, e.g., Arnon et al.,“Monoclonal Antibodies For Immunotargeting Of Drugs In Cancer Therapy”,in Monoclonal Antibodies And Cancer Therapy, Reisfeld et al. (eds.), pp.243-56 (Alan R. Liss, Inc. 1985); Hellstrom et al., “Antibodies For DrugDelivery”, in Controlled Drug Delivery (2nd Ed.), Robinson et al.(eds.), pp. 623-53 (Marcel Dekker, Inc. 1987); Thorpe, “AntibodyCarriers Of Cytotoxic Agents In Cancer Therapy: A Review”, in MonoclonalAntibodies 84: Biological And Clinical Applications, Pinchera et al.(eds.), pp. 475-506 (1985); “Analysis, Results, And Future ProspectiveOf The Therapeutic Use Of Radiolabeled Antibody In Cancer Therapy”, inMonoclonal Antibodies For Cancer Detection And Therapy, Baldwin et al.(eds.), pp. 303-16 (Academic Press 1985), Thorpe et al., 1982, Immunol.Rev. 62:119-58; U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,336,603, 5,622,929, 5,359,046,5,349,053, 5,447,851, 5,723,125, 5,783,181, 5,908,626, 5,844,095, and5,112,946; EP 307,434; EP 367,166; EP 394,827; PCT publications WO91/06570, WO 96/04388, WO 96/22024, WO 97/34631, and WO 99/04813;Ashkenazi et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 88: 10535-10539, 1991;Traunecker et al., Nature, 331:84-86, 1988; Zheng et al., J. Immunol.,154:5590-5600, 1995; Vil et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA,89:11337-11341, 1992).

Fusion proteins may be generated, for example, through the techniques ofgene-shuffling, motif-shuffling, exon-shuffling, and/or codon-shuffling(collectively referred to as “DNA shuffling”). DNA shuffling may beemployed to alter the activities of anti-beta klotho antibodies asprovided herein, including, for example, antibodies with higheraffinities and lower dissociation rates (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos.5,605,793, 5,811,238, 5,830,721, 5,834,252, and 5,837,458; Patten etal., 1997, Curr. Opinion Biotechnol. 8:724-33; Harayama, 1998, TrendsBiotechnol. 16(2):76-82; Hansson et al., 1999, J. Mol. Biol. 287:265-76;and Lorenzo and Blasco, 1998, Biotechniques 24(2):308-313). Antibodies,or the encoded antibodies, may be altered by being subjected to randommutagenesis by error-prone PCR, random nucleotide insertion or othermethods prior to recombination. A polynucleotide encoding an antibodyprovided herein may be recombined with one or more components, motifs,sections, parts, domains, fragments, etc. of one or more heterologousmolecules.

An antibody provided herein can also be conjugated to a second antibodyto form an antibody heteroconjugate as described, for example, in U.S.Pat. No. 4,676,980.

The therapeutic moiety or drug conjugated or recombinantly fused to anantibody provided herein that binds to beta klotho (e.g., a beta klothopolypeptide, fragment, epitope) should be chosen to achieve the desiredprophylactic or therapeutic effect(s). In certain embodiments, theantibody is a modified antibody. A clinician or other medical personnelmay consider, for example, the following when deciding on whichtherapeutic moiety or drug to conjugate or recombinantly fuse to anantibody provided herein: the nature of the disease, the severity of thedisease, and the condition of the subject.

Antibodies that bind to beta klotho as provided herein may also beattached to solid supports, which are particularly useful forimmunoassays or purification of the target antigen. Such solid supportsinclude, but are not limited to, glass, cellulose, polyacrylamide,nylon, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride or polypropylene.

The linker may be a “cleavable linker” facilitating release of theconjugated agent in the cell, but non-cleavable linkers are alsocontemplated herein. Linkers for use in the conjugates of the presentdisclosure include without limitation acid labile linkers (e.g.,hydrazone linkers), disulfide-containing linkers, peptidase-sensitivelinkers (e.g., peptide linkers comprising amino acids, for example,valine and/or citrulline such as citrulline-valine orphenylalanine-lysine), photolabile linkers, dimethyl linkers (see, e.g.,Chari et al., Cancer Research 52:127-131 (1992); U.S. Pat. No.5,208,020), thioether linkers, or hydrophilic linkers designed to evademultidrug transporter-mediated resistance (see, e.g. Kovtun et al.,Cancer Res. 70: 2528-2537, 2010).

Conjugates of the antibody and agent may be made using a variety ofbifunctional protein coupling agents such as BMPS, EMCS, GMBS, HBVS,LC-SMCC, MBS, MPBH, SBAP, SIA, SIAB, SMCC, SMPB, SMPH, sulfo-EMCS,sulfo-GMBS, sulfo-KMUS, sulfo-MBS, sulfo-SIAB, sulfo-SMCC, andsulfo-SMPB, and SVSB (succinimidyl-(4-vinylsulfone)benzoate). Thepresent disclosure further contemplates that conjugates of antibodiesand agents may be prepared using any suitable methods as disclosed inthe art, (see, e.g., in Bioconjugate Techniques, 2nd Ed., G. T.Hermanson, ed., Elsevier, San Francisco, 2008).

Conventional conjugation strategies for antibodies and agents have beenbased on random conjugation chemistries involving the ε-amino group ofLys residues or the thiol group of Cys residues, which results inheterogenous conjugates. Recently developed techniques allowsite-specific conjugation to antibodies, resulting in homogeneousloading and avoiding conjugate subpopulations with alteredantigen-binding or pharmacokinetics. These include engineering of“thiomabs” comprising cysteine substitutions at positions on the heavyand light chains that provide reactive thiol groups and do not disruptimmunoglobulin folding and assembly or alter antigen binding (see, e.g.,Junutula et al., J. Immunol. Meth. 332: 41-52 (2008); Junutula et al.,Nat. Biotechnol. 26: 925-932, 2008). In another method, selenocysteineis cotranslationally inserted into an antibody sequence by recoding thestop codon UGA from termination to selenocysteine insertion, allowingsite specific covalent conjugation at the nucleophilic selenol group ofselenocysteine in the presence of the other natural amino acids (see,e.g., Hofer et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 105: 12451-12456 (2008);Hofer et al., Biochemistry 48(50): 12047-12057, 2009).

Pharmaceutical Formulations

Anti-beta klotho antibodies of the present disclosure may beadministered by any route appropriate to the condition to be treated.The antibody will typically be administered parenterally, for example,infusion, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intradermal,intrathecal and epidural. The antibody dose will vary, includingdepending on the nature and/or severity of the disease as well as thecondition of the subject, may include doses between 1 mg and 100 mg.Doses may also include those between 1 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg. In someembodiments, the dose is between about 5 mg/kg and about 7.5 mg/kg. Insome embodiments, the dose is about 5 mg/kg. In some embodiments, thedose is about 7.5 mg/kg. Flat doses selected from the group consistingof: (a) 375-400 mg every two weeks and (b) 550-600 mg every three weeks.In some embodiments, the flat dose is 375-400 mg every two weeks. Insome embodiments, the flat dose is 550-600 mg every three weeks. In someembodiments the flat dose is 400 mg every two weeks. In some embodimentsthe flat dose is 600 mg every three weeks. In some embodiments ofsequential dosing, a first dose and a second dose are each between 1mg/kg and 15 mg/kg with the second dose following the first does bybetween 1 and 4 weeks. In some embodiments, the first dose and thesecond dose are each between 5 mg/kg and 7.5 mg/kg and the second dosefollows the first dose by between 2 and 3 weeks. In some embodiments,the first dose and the second dose are each 5 mg/kg and the second dosefollows the first dose by 2 weeks. In some embodiments, the first doseand the second dose are each 7.5 mg/kg and the second dose follows thefirst dose by 3 weeks.

For treating diseases, disorders and conditions, the antibody in someembodiments is administered via intravenous infusion. The dosageadministered via infusion is in the range of about 1 μg/m² to about10,000 μg/m² per dose, generally one dose per week for a total of one,two, three or four doses. Alternatively, the dosage range is of about 1μg/m² to about 1000 μg/m², about 1 μg/m² to about 800 μg/m², about 1μg/m² to about 600 μg/m², about 1 μg/m² to about 400 μg/m²;alternatively, about 10 μg/m² to about 500 μg/m², about 10 μg/m² toabout 300 μg/m², about 10 μg/m² to about 200 μg/m², and about 1 μg/m² toabout 200 μg/m². The dose may be administered once per day, once perweek, multiple times per week, but less than once per day, multipletimes per month but less than once per day, multiple times per month butless than once per week, once per month or intermittently to relieve oralleviate symptoms of the disease, disorder, or condition.Administration may continue at any of the disclosed intervals untilamelioration of the disease, disorder or condition, or amelioration ofsymptoms of the disease, disorder or condition being treated.Administration may continue after remission or relief of symptoms isachieved where such remission or relief is prolonged by such continuedadministration.

In one aspect, the present disclosure further provides pharmaceuticalformulations comprising at least one anti-beta klotho antibody of thepresent disclosure. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical formulationcomprises 1) an anti-beta klotho antibody, and 2) a pharmaceuticallyacceptable carrier. In some embodiments, a pharmaceutical formulationcomprises 1) an anti-beta klotho antibody and/or an immunoconjugatethereof, and optionally, 2) at least one additional therapeutic agent.

Pharmaceutical formulations comprising an antibody is prepared forstorage by mixing the antibody having the desired degree of purity withoptional physiologically acceptable carriers, excipients or stabilizers(see, e.g., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences 16th edition, Osol, A.Ed. (1980)) in the form of aqueous solutions or lyophilized or otherdried formulations. The formulations herein may also contain more thanone active compound as necessary for the particular indication beingtreated, preferably those with complementary activities that do notadversely affect each other. For example, in addition to an anti-betaklotho antibody, it may be desirable to include in the one formulation,an additional antibody, e.g., a second anti-beta klotho antibody whichbinds a different epitope on the beta klotho polypeptide, or an antibodyto some other target. Alternatively, or additionally, the compositionmay further comprise another agent, including, for example, achemotherapeutic agent, cytotoxic agent, cytokine, growth inhibitoryagent, anti-hormonal agent, and/or cardioprotectant. In some embodimentsthe formulation includes an alkylating agent (e.g., chlorambucil,bendamustine hydrochloride or cyclophosphamide) a nucleoside analog(e.g., fludurabine, pentostatin, cladribine or cytarabine) acorticosteroid (e.g., prednisone, prednisolone or methylprednisolone),an immunomodulatory agent (e.g., lenalidomide), an antibiotic (e.g.,doxorubicin, daunorubicin idarubicin or mitoxentrone), a syntheticflavon (e.g., flavopiridol), a Bcl2 antagonist, (e.g., oblimersen orABT-263), a hypomethylating agent (e.g., azacytidine or decitabine), anFLT3 inhibitor (e.g., midostaurin, sorafenib and AC220). Such moleculesare suitably present in combination in amounts that are effective forthe purpose intended.

The antibodies of the present disclosure may be formulated in anysuitable form for delivery to a target cell/tissue, e.g., asmicrocapsules or macroemulsions (Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences,16th edition, Osol, A. Ed. (1980); Park et al., Molecules 10: 146-161(2005); Malik et al., Curr. Drug. Deliv. 4: 141-151 (2007)); assustained release formulations (Putney and Burke, Nature Biotechnol. 16:153-157, (1998)) or in liposomes (Maclean et al., Int. J. Oncol. 11:235-332 (1997); Kontermann, Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. 8: 39-45 (2006)).

An antibody provided herein can also be entrapped in microcapsuleprepared, for example, by coacervation techniques or by interfacialpolymerization, for example, hydroxymethylcellulose orgelatin-microcapsule and poly-(methylmethacylate) microcapsule,respectively, in colloidal drug delivery systems (for example,liposomes, albumin microspheres, microemulsions, nano-particles andnanocapsules) or in macroemulsions. Such techniques are disclosed, forexample, in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences (1990) Mack PublishingCo., Easton, Pa.

Various delivery systems are known and can be used to administer aprophylactic or therapeutic agent (e.g., an antibody that binds to betaklotho as described herein), including, but not limited to,encapsulation in liposomes, microparticles, microcapsules, recombinantcells capable of expressing the antibody, receptor-mediated endocytosis(see, e.g., Wu and Wu, J. Biol. Chem. 262:4429-4432 (1987)),construction of a nucleic acid as part of a retroviral or other vector,etc. In another embodiment, a prophylactic or therapeutic agent, or acomposition provided herein can be delivered in a controlled release orsustained release system. In one embodiment, a pump may be used toachieve controlled or sustained release (see, e.g., Langer, supra;Sefton, 1987, CRC Crit. Ref. Biomed. Eng. 14:20; Buchwald et al., 1980,Surgery 88:507; Saudek et al., 1989, N. Engl. J. Med. 321:574). Inanother embodiment, polymeric materials can be used to achievecontrolled or sustained release of a prophylactic or therapeutic agent(e.g., an antibody that binds to beta klotho as described herein) or acomposition of the invention (see, e.g., Medical Applications ofControlled Release, Langer and Wise (eds.), CRC Pres., Boca Raton, Fla.(1974); Controlled Drug Bioavailability, Drug Product Design andPerformance, Smolen and Ball (eds.), Wiley, New York (1984); Ranger andPeppas, 1983, J., Macromol. Sci. Rev. Macromol. Chem. 23:61; see alsoLevy et al., 1985, Science 228:190; During et al., 1989, Ann. Neurol.25:351; Howard et al., 1989, J. Neurosurg. 7 1:105); U.S. Pat. Nos.5,679,377; 5,916,597; 5,912,015; 5,989,463; 5,128,326; PCT PublicationNo. WO 99/15154; and PCT Publication No. WO 99/20253). Examples ofpolymers used in sustained release formulations include, but are notlimited to, poly(2-hydroxy ethyl methacrylate), poly(methylmethacrylate), poly(acrylic acid), poly(ethylene-co-vinyl acetate),poly(methacrylic acid), polyglycolides (PLG), polyanhydrides,poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone), poly(vinyl alcohol), polyacrylamide,poly(ethylene glycol), polylactides (PLA), poly(lactide-co-glycolides)(PLGA), and polyorthoesters. In one embodiment, the polymer used in asustained release formulation is inert, free of leachable impurities,stable on storage, sterile, and biodegradable.

In yet another embodiment, a controlled or sustained release system canbe placed in proximity of the therapeutic target, for example, the nasalpassages or lungs, thus requiring only a fraction of the systemic dose(see, e.g., Goodson, in Medical Applications of Controlled Release,supra, vol. 2, pp. 115-138 (1984)). Controlled release systems arediscussed, for example, by Langer (1990, Science 249:1527-1533). Anytechnique known to one of skill in the art can be used to producesustained release formulations comprising one or more antibodies thatbind to beta klotho as described herein. (See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No.4,526,938, PCT publication WO 91/05548, PCT publication WO 96/20698,Ning et al., 1996, “Intratumoral Radioimmunotherapy of a Human ColonCancer Xenograft Using a Sustained-Release Gel,” Radiotherapy & Oncology39:179-189, Song et al., 1995, “Antibody Mediated Lung Targeting ofLong-Circulating Emulsions,” PDA Journal of Pharmaceutical Science &Technology 50:372-397, Cleek et al., 1997, “Biodegradable PolymericCarriers for a bFGF Antibody for Cardiovascular Application,” Pro.Int'l. Symp. Control. Rel. Bioact. Mater. 24:853-854, and Lam et al.,1997, “Microencapsulation of Recombinant Humanized Monoclonal Antibodyfor Local Delivery,” Proc. Int'l. Symp. Control Rel. Bioact. Mater.24:759-760).

Therapeutic Methods

An antibody of the present disclosure may be used in, for example, invitro, ex vivo, and in vivo therapeutic methods. In one aspect, thepresent disclosure provides methods for treating or preventing adisease, disorder, or condition, either in vivo or in vitro, the methodcomprising exposing a cell to an anti-beta klotho antibody.

In one aspect, an antibody of the present disclosure is used to treat orprevent a disease, disorder, or condition, including, for example, Type2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease,metabolic syndrome or broadly any disease, disorder, or condition inwhich it is desirable to mimic or augment the in vivo effects of FGF19and/or FGF21.

In one aspect, methods are provided for treating a disease, disorder orcondition comprising administering to an individual an effective amountof an anti-beta klotho antibody or fragment thereof. In certainembodiments, a method for treating a disease, disorder, or conditioncomprises administering to an individual an effective amount of apharmaceutical formulation comprising an anti-beta klotho antibody and,optionally, at least one additional therapeutic agent, such as thosedescribed herein.

An anti-beta klotho antibody or fragment thereof can be administered toa human for therapeutic purposes. Moreover, an anti-beta klotho antibodyor fragment thereof can be administered to a non-human mammal expressingbeta klotho with which the antibody cross-reacts (e.g., a primate, pig,rat, or mouse) for veterinary purposes or as an animal model of humandisease. Regarding the latter, such animal models may be useful forevaluating the therapeutic efficacy of antibodies of the presentdisclosure (e.g., testing of dosages and time courses ofadministration).

Antibodies of the present disclosure can be used either alone or incombination with other compositions in a therapy. For example, ananti-beta klotho antibody of the present disclosure may beco-administered with at least one additional therapeutic agent and/oradjuvant. In some embodiments, the additional compound is a therapeuticantibody other than an anti-beta klotho antibody.

Such combination therapies noted above encompass combined administration(where two or more therapeutic agents are included in the same orseparate formulations), and separate administration, in which case,administration of an anti-beta klotho antibody or fragment thereof ofthe present disclosure can occur prior to, simultaneously, and/orfollowing, administration of the additional therapeutic agent and/oradjuvant. Antibodies of the present disclosure can also be used incombination with additional therapeutic regimens including, withoutlimitation, those described herein.

An antibody of the present disclosure (and any additional therapeuticagent or adjuvant) can be administered by any suitable means, includingparenteral, subcutaneous, intraperitoneal, intrapulmonary, andintranasal, and, if desired for local treatment, intralesionaladministration. Parenteral infusions include intramuscular, intravenous,intraarterial, intraperitoneal, or subcutaneous administration. Inaddition, the antibody or conjugate is suitably administered by pulseinfusion, particularly with declining doses of the antibody or fragmentthereof. Dosing can be by any suitable route, for example, byinjections, such as intravenous or subcutaneous injections, depending inpart on whether the administration is brief or chronic.

Antibodies of the present disclosure would be formulated, dosed, andadministered in a fashion consistent with good medical practice. Factorsfor consideration in this context include the particular disorder beingtreated, the particular mammal being treated, the clinical condition ofthe individual patient, the cause of the disorder, the site of deliveryof the agent, the method of administration, the scheduling ofadministration, and other factors known to medical practitioners. Theanti-beta klotho antibody need not be, but is optionally formulated withone or more agents currently used to prevent or treat the disorder inquestion. The effective amount of such other agents depends on theamount of antibody or immunoconjugate present in the formulation, thetype of disorder or treatment, and other factors discussed above. Theseare generally used in the same dosages and with administration routes asdescribed herein, or about from 1 to 99% of the dosages describedherein, or in any dosage and by any route that is empirically/clinicallydetermined to be appropriate.

For the prevention or treatment of a disease, disorder, or condition,the appropriate dosage of an anti-beta klotho antibody of the presentdisclosure (when used alone or in combination with one or more otheradditional therapeutic agents, such as agents described herein) willdepend on the type of disease, disorder, or condition, to be treated,the type of antibody, the severity and course of the disease, disorder,or condition, whether the antibody is administered for preventive ortherapeutic purposes, previous therapy, the patient's clinical historyand response to the antibody, and the discretion of the attendingphysician. The anti-beta klotho antibody is suitably administered to thepatient at one time or over a series of treatments. Depending on thetype and severity of the disease, about 1 μg/kg to 100 mg/kg (e.g., 0.1mg/kg-20 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg-15 mg/kg, etc.) of antibody can be an initialcandidate dosage for administration to the patient, whether, forexample, by one or more separate administrations, or by continuousinfusion. One typical daily dosage might range from about 1 μg/kg to 100mg/kg or more, depending on the factors mentioned above. For repeatedadministrations over several days or longer, depending on the condition,the treatment would generally be sustained until a desired suppressionof disease symptoms occurs. Exemplary dosages of the antibody may be inthe range from about 0.05 mg/kg to about 10.0 mg/kg. Thus, one or moredoses of about 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 2.0 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, 4.0 mg/kg,5.0 mg/kg, 6.0 mg/kg, 7.0 mg/kg, 8.0 mg/kg, 9.0 mg/kg, or 10.0 mg/kg (orany combination thereof) of antibody may be administered to the patient.Such doses may be administered intermittently, e.g., every week or everythree weeks (e.g., such that the patient receives from about two toabout twenty, or e.g., about six doses of the antibody). An initialhigher loading dose, followed by one or more lower doses may beadministered. An exemplary dosing regimen comprises administering aninitial loading dose, followed by a maintenance dose (e.g., weekly) ofthe antibody. The initial loading dose may be greater than themaintenance dose. However, other dosage regimens may be useful. Theprogress of this therapy is easily monitored by conventional techniquesand assays.

Diagnostic Methods and Methods of Detection

In one aspect, anti-beta klotho antibodies and fragments thereof of thepresent disclosure are useful for detecting the presence of beta klothoin a biological sample. Such anti-beta klotho antibodies may includethose that bind to human and/or cyno beta klotho, but do not induceFGF19-like signaling and/or FGF21-like signaling activity. The term“detecting” as used herein encompasses quantitative or qualitativedetection. In certain embodiments, a biological sample comprises a cellor tissue.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of detecting thepresence of beta klotho in a biological sample. In certain embodiments,the method comprises contacting the biological sample with an anti-betaklotho antibody under conditions permissive for binding of the anti-betaklotho antibody to beta klotho, and detecting whether a complex isformed between the anti-beta klotho antibody and beta klotho.

In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of diagnosing adisorder associated with expression of beta klotho. In certainembodiments, the method comprises contacting a test cell with ananti-beta klotho antibody; determining the level of expression (eitherquantitatively or qualitatively) of beta klotho by the test cell bydetecting binding of the anti-beta klotho antibody to beta klotho; andcomparing the level of expression of beta klotho by the test cell withthe level of expression of beta klotho by a control cell (e.g., a normalcell of the same tissue origin as the test cell or a cell that expressesbeta klotho at levels comparable to such a normal cell), wherein ahigher level of expression of beta klotho by the test cell as comparedto the control cell indicates the presence of a disorder associated withincreased expression of beta klotho. In certain embodiments, the testcell is obtained from an individual suspected of having a disease,disorder or condition associated with expression of beta klotho and/or adisease, disorder or condition in which it is desirable to mimic oraugment the in vivo effects of FGF19 and/or FGF21. In certainembodiments, the disease, disorder or condition is, for example, Type 2diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, NASH, cardiovascular disease ormetabolic syndrome. Such exemplary diseases, disorders or conditions maybe diagnosed using an anti-beta klotho antibody of the presentdisclosure.

In certain embodiments, a method of diagnosis or detection, such asthose described above, comprises detecting binding of an anti-betaklotho antibody to beta klotho expressed on the surface of a cell or ina membrane preparation obtained from a cell expressing beta klotho onits surface. In certain embodiments, the method comprises contacting acell with an anti-beta klotho antibody under conditions permissive forbinding of the anti-beta klotho antibody to beta klotho, and detectingwhether a complex is formed between the anti-beta klotho antibody andbeta klotho on the cell surface. An exemplary assay for detectingbinding of an anti-beta klotho antibody to beta klotho expressed betaklotho on the surface of a cell is a “FACS” assay.

Certain other methods can be used to detect binding of anti-beta klothoantibodies to beta klotho. Such methods include, but are not limited to,antigen-binding assays that are well known in the art, such as westernblots, radioimmunoassays, ELISA (enzyme linked immunosorbent assay),“sandwich” immunoassays, immunoprecipitation assays, fluorescentimmunoassays, protein A immunoassays, and immunohistochemistry (IHC).

In certain embodiments, anti-beta klotho antibodies are labeled. Labelsinclude, but are not limited to, labels or moieties that are detecteddirectly (such as fluorescent, chromophoric, electron-dense,chemiluminescent, and radioactive labels), as well as moieties, such asenzymes or ligands, that are detected indirectly, for example, throughan enzymatic reaction or molecular interaction. Exemplary labelsinclude, but are not limited to, the radioisotopes ³²P, ¹⁴C, ¹²⁵I, ³H,and ¹³¹I, fluorophores such as rare earth chelates or fluorescein andits derivatives, rhodamine and its derivatives, dansyl, umbelliferone,luceriferases, for example, firefly luciferase and bacterial luciferase(see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,737,456), luciferin,2,3-dihydrophthalazinediones, horseradish peroxidase (HRP), alkalinephosphatase, β-galactosidase, glucoamylase, lysozyme, saccharideoxidases, e.g., glucose oxidase, galactose oxidase, andglucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, heterocyclic oxidases such as uricaseand xanthine oxidase, coupled with an enzyme that employs hydrogenperoxide to oxidize a dye precursor such as HRP, lactoperoxidase, ormicroperoxidase, biotin/avidin, spin labels, bacteriophage labels,stable free radicals, and the like.

In certain embodiments, anti-beta klotho antibodies are immobilized onan insoluble matrix. Immobilization entails separating the anti-betaklotho antibody from any beta klotho that remains free in solution. Thisconventionally is accomplished by either insolubilizing the anti-betaklotho antibody before the assay procedure, as by adsorption to awater-insoluble matrix or surface (see, e.g., Bennich et al., U.S. Pat.No. 3,720,760), or by covalent coupling (for example, usingglutaraldehyde cross-linking), or by insolubilizing the anti-beta klothoantibody after formation of a complex between the anti-beta klothoantibody and beta klotho, for example, by immunoprecipitation.

Any of the above embodiments of diagnosis or detection may be carriedout using an immunoconjugate of the present disclosure in place of or inaddition to an anti-beta klotho antibody.

Assays

Anti-beta klotho antibodies of the present disclosure may becharacterized for their physical/chemical properties and/or biologicalactivities by various assays known in the art.

1. Activity Assays

In one aspect, assays are provided for identifying anti-beta klothoantibodies thereof having biological activity. Biological activity mayinclude, for example, assays which measure effects on glucose and/orlipid metabolism. For example, a blood glucose assay may be used. Bloodglucose (e.g., in mouse tail snip or in a human blood sample) may bemeasured using ACCU-CHEK Active test strips read by ACCU-CHEK Activemeter (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Ind.) following manufacturer'sinstruction. In addition, for example, a lipid profile assay may beused. Whole blood (e.g., from mouse tail snips or from a human bloodsample) may be collected into plain capillary tubes (BD Clay AdamsSurePrep, Becton Dickenson and Co. Sparks, Md.). Serum and blood cellscan be separated by spinning the tubes in an Autocrit Ultra 3 (BectonDickinson and Co. Sparks, Md.). Serum samples can be assayed for lipidprofile (triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL, and non-HDL) usingIntegra 400 Clinical Analyzer (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, Ind.)following the manufacturer's instructions.

2. Binding Assays and Other Assays

In one aspect, an anti-beta klotho antibody is tested for its antigenbinding activity. For example, in certain embodiments, an anti-betaklotho antibody is tested for its ability to bind to exogenous orendogenous beta klotho expressed on the surface of a cell. A FACS assaymay be used for such testing.

A panel of monoclonal antibodies raised against beta klotho may begrouped based upon the epitiopes they recognize, a process known asepitope binning. Epitope binning is typically carried out usingcompetition assays, which evaluate an antibody's ability to bind to anantigen in the presence of another antibody. In an exemplary competitionassay, immobilized beta klotho is incubated in a solution comprising afirst labeled antibody that binds to beta klotho and a second unlabeledantibody that is being tested for its ability to compete with the firstantibody for binding to beta klotho. The second antibody may be presentin a hybridoma supernatant. As a control, immobilized beta klotho isincubated in a solution comprising the first labeled antibody but notthe second unlabeled antibody. After incubation under conditionspermissive for binding of the first antibody to beta klotho, excessunbound antibody is removed, and the amount of label associated withimmobilized beta klotho is measured. If the amount of label associatedwith immobilized beta klotho is substantially reduced in the test samplerelative to the control sample, then that indicates that the secondantibody is competing with the first antibody for binding to betaklotho. In certain embodiments, immobilized beta klotho is present onthe surface of a cell or in a membrane preparation obtained from a cellexpressing beta klotho on its surface.

High-throughput methods of epitope binning are also known in the art(see, e.g., Jia et al., J. Immunol. Methods 2004, 288(1-2):91-98,describing a method of multiplexed competitive antibody binning for thecharacterization of monoclonal antibodies; and Miller et al., J.Immunol. Methods 2011, 365(1-2):118-25, describing epitope binning ofmurine monoclonal antibodies by a multiplexed pairing assay).

3. Epitope Mapping

Epitope mapping is the process of identifying the binding sites, orepitopes, of an antibody on its target protein antigen. Antibodyepitopes may be linear epitopes or conformational epitopes. Linearepitopes are formed by a continuous sequence of amino acids in aprotein. Conformational epitopes are formed of amino acids that arediscontinuous in the protein sequence, but which are brought togetherupon folding of the protein into its three-dimensional structure.

A variety of methods are known in the art for mapping antibody epitopeson target protein antigens. These include mutagenesis methods, peptidescanning methods, display methods, methods involving and massspectroscopy, and structural determination.

The site directed mutagenesis method involves targeted site-directedmutagenesis where critical amino acids are identified by systematicallyintroducing substitutions along the protein sequence and thendetermining the effects of each substitution on antibody binding. Thismay be done by “alanine scanning mutagenesis,” as described, forexample, by Cunningham and Wells (1989) Science 244: 1081-1085, or someother form of point mutagenesis of amino acid residues in human betaklotho. Mutagenesis studies, however, may also reveal amino acidresidues that are crucial to the overall three-dimensional structure ofbeta klotho but that are not directly involved in antibody-antigencontacts, and thus other methods may be necessary to confirm afunctional epitope determined using this method.

Shotgun mutagenesis mapping utilizes a comprehensive plasmid-mutationlibrary for the target gene, with each clone in the library bearing aunique amino acid mutation and the entire library covering every aminoacid in the target protein. The clones that constitute the mutationlibrary are individually arranged in microplates, expressed withinliving mammalian cells, and tested for immunoreactivity with antibodiesof interest. Amino acids critical for antibody epitopes are identifiedby a loss of reactivity and are then mapped onto a protein structure tovisualize epitopes. By automating the analysis, new epitope maps can bederived within days to weeks. Because it uses the native structure ofproteins within mammalian cells, the technique allows both linear andconformational epitope structures to be mapped on complex proteins.(See, e.g., Paes et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. 131(20): 6952-6954 (2009);Banik and Doranz, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News 3(2): 25-28(2010)).

The epitope bound by an anti-beta klotho antibody may also be determinedusing peptide scanning methods. In peptide scanning, libraries of shortpeptide sequences from overlapping segments of the target protein, betaklotho, are tested for their ability to bind antibodies of interest. Thepeptides are synthesized and screened for binding, e.g., using ELISA orBIACORE, or on a chip, by any of the multiple methods for solid-phasescreening (see, e.g., Reineke et al., Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 12: 59-64,2001) as in the “pepscan” methodology (see, e.g., WO 84/03564; WO93/09872). Such peptide screening methods may not be capable ofdetecting some discontinuous functional epitopes, i.e. functionalepitopes that involve amino acid residues that are not contiguous alongthe primary sequence of the beta klotho polypeptide chain.

A recently developed technology termed CLIPS (chemical linkage ofpeptides onto scaffolds) may be used to map conformational epitopes. Theloose ends of the peptides are affixed onto synthetic scaffolds, so thatthe scaffolded peptide may be able to adopt the same spatial structureas the corresponding sequence in the intact protein. CLIPS technology isused to fix linear peptides into cyclic structures (‘single-loop’format), and to bring together different parts of a protein binding site(‘double-loop’, ‘triple-loop’, etc. format), so as to createconformational epitopes that may be assayed for antibody binding (see,e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 7,972,993).

The epitopes bound by antibodies of the present disclosure may also bemapped using display techniques, including, for example, phage display,microbial display, and ribosome/mRNA display as described above. Inthese methods, libraries of peptide fragments are displayed on thesurface of the phage or cell. Epitopes are then mapped by screening mAbsagainst these fragments using selective binding assays. A number ofcomputational tools have been developed which allow the prediction ofconformational epitopes based upon linear affinity-selected peptidesobtained using phage display (see, e.g., Mayrose et al., Bioinformatics23: 3244-3246, 2007). Methods are also available for the detection ofconformational epitopes by phage display. Microbial display systems mayalso be used to express properly folded antigenic fragments on the cellsurface for identification of conformational epitopes (see, e.g.,Cochran et al., J. Immunol. Meth. 287: 147-158, 2004; Rockberg et al.,Nature Methods 5: 1039-1045, 2008).

Methods involving proteolysis and mass spectroscopy may also be used todetermine antibody epitopes (see, e.g., Baerga-Ortiz et al., ProteinSci. 2002 June; 11(6): 1300-1308). In limited proteolysis, the antigenis cleaved by different proteases, in the presence and in the absence ofthe antibody, and the fragments are identified by mass spectrometry. Theepitope is the region of the antigen that becomes protected fromproteolysis upon binding of the antibody (see, e.g., Suckau et al.,Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:9848-9852, 1990). Additional proteolysisbased methods include, for example, selective chemical modification(see, e.g., Fiedler et al., Bioconjugate Chemistry 1998, 9(2): 236-234,1998), epitope excision (see, e.g., Van de Water et al., Clin. Immunol.Immunopathol. 1997, 85(3): 229-235, 1997), and the recently developedmethod of hydrogen-deuterium (H/D) exchange (see, e.g., Flanagan, N.,Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology News 3(2): 25-28, 2010).

The epitope bound by antibodies of the present disclosure may also bedetermined by structural methods, such as X-ray crystal structuredetermination (see, e.g., WO 2005/044853), molecular modeling andnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, including NMRdetermination of the H-D exchange rates of labile amide hydrogens whenfree and when bound in a complex with an antibody of interest (see,e.g., Zinn-Justin et al. (1992) Biochemistry 31:11335-11347; Zinn-Justinet al. (1993) Biochemistry 32:6884-6891).

Additional antibodies binding to the same epitope as an antibody of thepresent disclosure may be obtained, for example, by screening ofantibodies raised against beta klotho for binding to the epitope, byimmunization of an animal with a peptide comprising a fragment of humanbeta klotho comprising the epitope sequence, or by selection ofantibodies using phage display for binding to the epitope sequence.Antibodies that bind to the same functional epitope might be expected toexhibit similar biological activities, such as blocking a biologicalactivity of beta klotho, and such activities can be confirmed byfunctional assays of the antibodies.

Additional Activity Assays

In one embodiment, an anti-beta klotho antibody of the presentdisclosure is an antagonist antibody that inhibits a biological activityof beta klotho. The anti-beta klotho antibodies of the presentdisclosure may be assayed to determine if they inhibit a biologicalactivity of beta klotho.

In one aspect, purified anti-beta klotho antibodies can be furthercharacterized by a series of assays including, but not limited to,N-terminal sequencing, amino acid analysis, non-denaturing sizeexclusion high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry,ion exchange chromatography and papain digestion.

In one embodiment, the present disclosure contemplates an alteredantibody that possesses some but not all effector functions, which makeit a desirable candidate for many applications in which the half life ofthe antibody in vivo is important yet certain effector functions (suchas complement and ADCC) are unnecessary or deleterious. In certainembodiments, the Fc activities of the antibody are measured to ensurethat only the desired properties are maintained. In vitro and/or in vivocytotoxicity assays can be conducted to confirm the reduction/depletionof CDC and/or ADCC activities. For example, Fc receptor (FcR) bindingassays can be conducted to ensure that the antibody lacks FcγR binding(hence likely lacking ADCC activity), but retains FcRn binding ability.An in vitro assay to assess ADCC activity of a molecule of interest isdescribed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 5,500,362 or 5,821,337. Usefuleffector cells for such assays include peripheral blood mononuclearcells (PBMC) and Natural Killer (NK) cells. Alternatively, oradditionally, ADCC activity of the molecule of interest may be assessedin vivo, for example, in a animal model such as that disclosed in Clyneset al. PNAS (USA) 95:652-656 (1998). Cl q binding assays may also becarried out to confirm that the antibody is unable to bind Cl q andhence lacks CDC activity. To assess complement activation, a CDC assay,for example, as described in Gazzano-Santoro et al., J. Immunol. Methods202:163 (1996), may be performed. FcRn binding and in vivoclearance/half life determinations can also be performed using methodsknown in the art.

Although the foregoing present disclosure has been described in somedetail by way of illustration and example for purposes of clarity ofunderstanding, the descriptions and examples should not be construed aslimiting the scope of the present disclosure. The disclosures of allpatent and scientific literatures cited herein are expresslyincorporated in their entirety by reference.

EXAMPLES

The following are examples of methods and compositions of the presentdisclosure.

Example 1: Generation of Antibodies to Beta Klotho

Antibodies to beta klotho were generated, for example, by immunizationsof mice (i) with cells expressing human beta klotho (HuKLB) and FGFreceptor 1c (FGFRIc or Rlc) and (ii) with HuKLB and cynomologous betaklotho (cyno KLB) protein.

For example, beta klotho expressing cells were prepared as follows.293EXPI (Invitrogen) cells were transiently co-transfected with nucleicacid sequences encoding a variant of FGFR1c with a mutation at aminoacid position 623 (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO:308 but with a mutation D623N)and HuKLB (SEQ ID NO:297). Cells were analyzed for expression of R1c andHuKLB by the respective specific antibodies by FACS. Cells were washed 2times in PBS, pelleted by centrifugation and frozen in individual vialsat 6×10⁷ cells for immunization. 129/B6 animals were immunized with1×10⁷ cells with adjuvants (Ribi, CpG, and PolyIC). Animals were boostedevery 2 weeks for the duration necessary to induce a suitable titer.Animals were boosted with HuKLB and CyKLB protein after 4 boosts withR1c and HuKLB overexpressing-293EXP1 cells. Titers were determined byELISA and FACS. Single cell suspensions of lymphocytes were obtainedfrom spleen and draining lymph nodes of animals with suitable titers.Cells were fused with SP2/0 myeloma cells at a ratio of 1:2 byelectrofusion. Fused cells were plated at 2.5×10⁶ cells per plate in 70μL into twenty-four×384-well plates in the presence of HAT selection.After 7 days, 50 μL of supernatant were removed and replaced with freshHAT containing media. After 10-14 days of culture, supernatants werecollected and subjected to screening by FACS using R1c and HuKLBoverexpressing-293EXP1 cells or by Biacore using HuKLB protein toconfirm binding. Positive clones were further selected and subjected tosubcloning.

In a first campaign of immunizations and fusions, at least 25-30 384well plates were screened for binding to HuKLB (e.g., HuKLB proteinand/or cells expressing HuKLB). In a second campaign for immunizationsand fusions, a similar number of plates were screened as described forthe first campaign. Thousands of clones were screened and hundreds ofclones were selected for additional study, including in assays forbinding, affinity and epitope specificity as described in Examples 2 and3. Hundreds of hybridoma supernatants were also tested in functionalassays as described, in Examples 4 and 5, including for agonist activitysimilar to FGF receptor ligands FGF19 and/or FGF21 (e.g., FGF19-likeand/or FGF21-like signaling activity).

Example 2: Screening and Selection of Antibodies to Beta Klotho

Antibodies to beta klotho were generated from hybridomas, for example,such as described in Example 1. Hybridoma supernatants were screened forbinding to beta klotho (e.g., human and/or cyno beta klotho) inFACS-based and/or Biacore-based assays.

For example, after 2 weeks of culture, hybridoma supernatants werescreened for monoclonal antibodies binding to human beta klotho by aFACS based binding screen. Briefly, hybridoma supernatants wereco-incubated with human beta klotho over-expressing cells for 30 minutesat 4° C. After washing with PBS/1% BSA/0.1% azide, human beta klothoover-expressing cells were co-incubated with labeled anti-mouse Fc(Jackson Immunoresearch) for 30 minutes at 4° C. After washing withPBS/1% BSA/0.1% azide, cells were acquired on flow cytometer (FACSCalibur) and analyzed by cytometric analytical software (FlowJo). Abinding antibody is one that shows a shift from cells incubated withlabeled anti-mouse Fc only.

For example, after 2 weeks of culture, hybridoma supernatants werescreened for monoclonal antibodies binding to human beta klotho by aBiacore based binding screen. Briefly, anti-mouse Fc antibody(Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) was immobilized on all four flow cellsof a CM5 chip using amine coupling reagents (GE Healthcare LifeSciences,Piscataway, N.J.). Hybridoma supernatants were diluted three fold withPBS-P buffer (PBS containing 0.005% P20) and injected for 30 seconds onflow cells 2,3 and 4 to capture the antibody (flow cell 1 was used as areference). This was followed by a short injection of human beta klotho(25 nM, R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minn.) for 60 seconds at a flow rateof 30 μL/min to test for binding to captured antibody on each flow cell.

From two immunization and fusion campaigns as described in Example 1,fifty-sixty 384 well plates of hybridoma supernatants were assayed forbinding by FACS and/or Biacore. From these assays, approximately of 250antibodies were identified as binders to human beta klotho. Theseantibodies were purified and subsequently tested for their bindingaffinity to human beta klotho and cyno beta klotho by Biacore and fortheir functional activity by reporter assays as described in Example 3.

In additional Biacore-based binding/screening assays, the bindingaffinity of antibodies to human and cyno beta klotho were measured. Forexample, antibodies were rank ordered based on their binding affinity tohuman beta klotho and cyno beta klotho by low resolution K_(D)measurement by Biacore. Briefly, anti-mouse Fc antibody (Sigma-Aldrich,St. Louis, Mo.) was immobilized on all four flow cells of a CM5 chipusing amine coupling reagents (GE Healthcare LifeSciences, Piscataway,N.J.). Purified antibodies were captured (˜100 RUs) on flow cells 2, 3and 4 using flow cell 1 as a reference. This was followed by injectionof human or cyno beta klotho (25 nM in PBS-P buffer) at a flow rate of70 μL/min and monitoring the binding kinetics at 25° C.

Binding affinity measurements were also made in additional Biacore basedassays. For example, equilibrium dissociation constant (K_(D))measurements were carried out with purified antibodies to evaluate theirbinding to human beta klotho and cyno beta klotho. As mentioned above,anti-mouse Fc antibody (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, Mo.) was immobilizedon all four flow cells of a CM5 chip using amine coupling reagents (GEHealthcare LifeSciences, Piscataway, N.J.). Purified antibodies werecaptured (˜100 RUs) on flow cells 2, 3 and 4 using flow cell 1 as areference. This was followed by injection of different concentrations ofhuman or cyno beta klotho (1.56 nM to 25 nM, two-fold dilutions in PBS-Pbuffer) at a flow rate of 70 μL/min and the binding kinetics wereevaluated at 25° C.

Representative results are reported as K_(D) (nM) values as shown inTable 11 below.

TABLE 11 Affinity KD (nM) HuKLB Cyno KLB 5H23 ~pM 0.72 1C17 0.89 3.11D19 1.25 2.9 2L12 0.22 1.42 3L3 1.14 2.2 3N20 3.3 3.52 4P5 0.26 0.445F7 1.7 2.5 1G19 N/A N/A 5C23 1.2 2.4

Example 3: Screening and Selection of Antibodies to Beta Klotho

Antibodies that were selected for binding to beta klotho, for example,such as described in Example 2, were evaluated in competition bindingassays and epitope binning experiments.

For example, for competition binding assays by FACS analysis, antibodystandards were prepared that were conjugated to a fluorochrome usingeither A488 or A647 antibody labeling kit (Invitrogen) followingmanufacturer's instructions. A dose titration of the conjugated antibodystandard was evaluated using HuKLB overexpressing cells. The plateau ofthe maximal signal of antibody binding is EC=100 and the backgroundsignal is EC=0. Competition by FACS against the fluorochrome labeledantibody was performed by pre-incubating HuKLB overexpressing cells withhybridoma supernatants for 15 minutes at room temperature. Withoutwashing, an EC=10 concentration of A488 or A647 labelled antibodystandard was added. EC=10 for an individual antibody was determined by10% of signal using the maximum signal as (100%) and background signalas (0%). After 30 minutes at 4° C., cells are washed and analyzed byFACS. In these assays, a competing antibody is one that shows signalcomparable to the competition by 5H23. A non-competing antibody is onethat shows signal equal to labelled antibody alone. A partial competingantibody is one sample that show signal between labelled antibody aloneand background. Antibodies that show complete competition against thesame standard antibody are considered to be in the same bin.

In exemplary competition binding experiments by FACS, antibody 5H23 or3I13 was used as an antibody standard for a positive control (competingantibody) or a negative control (non-competing antibody), respectively.Representative results are shown in Table 12 below reported as meanfluorescence intensity (MFI). For these experiments, signal comparableto labeled antibody alone is a non-competing antibody, while signalcomparable to the competition by 5H23 is a competing antibody.

TABLE 12 Mean Florescence Intensity (MFI) 5H23 - 3I13- Antibody Alexa647Alexa488 5H23 2.3 29.8 1C17 2.4 26.7 1D19 2.5 30.6 2L12 3.1 30.9 3L3 4.228.7 3N20 2.4 30.5 4P5 2.4 30.1 5C23 2.4 29.3 5F7 2.3 28.5 1G19 2.2 29.03I13 9.4 7.4 Labeled 10.8 32.4 antibody alone

To further evaluate the binding sites of the antibodies on human betaklotho, competition experiments were also set up on the Biacore. Forexample, two antibodies were immobilized on two flow cells of a CM5chip. Human beta klotho-antibody complexes were prepared with differentantibodies (antibody concentration was titrated from 0.1-50 nM whilekeeping beta klotho concentration constant at 5 nM) in a 96-well microplate and injected on the antibody surfaces. The measured signal(Response Unit, RU) was plotted against the solution antibodyconcentration [nM]. If the antibody in solution recognized the sameepitope as the antibody immobilized on the chip surface, then a decreasein RU was observed with increase in concentration of antibody insolution (demonstrating competition for the binding site on betaklotho). However, if the antibody in solution recognized a distinctepitope relative to the immobilized antibody, an increase in RU wasobserved. In the latter scenario, the antibody-klotho complex could bindto the immobilized antibody surface leading to the observed increase insignal.

In exemplary competition binding experiments by Biacore, antibody 5H23competed with itself for binding to HuKLB and additional antibodies1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7 and 1G19 competed with 5H23.These antibodies were designated as members of the 5H23 epitope bin. Thesequences for these epitope-related antibodies are aligned and shown inFIGS. 1 and 2 . FIG. 2 also shows conserved amino acid sequences for theCDRs of these related antibodies.

Example 4: Functional Assays

Antibodies to beta klotho generated, for example, such as described inExample 1, were tested for their functional activity in cell-basedreporter assays.

For example, ELK1-luciferase reporter assays, which measure FGFRIc/betaklotho signaling, were performed using transiently transfected HEK293,HEK293T, or L6 cells (ATCC). The transfecting plasmids consisted of tworeporter plasmids Gal4-Elk1 and 5×UAS-Luc (Agilent TechnologiesPathDetect Elk1 trans-reporting system Cat #219005), and plasmidsencoding human beta klotho (GeneCopoeia Cat #EX-E1104-M02) or cynomolgusmonkey beta klotho (cyno beta klotho) and human FGFR1c (GeneCopoeia Cat#EX-A0260-M02). In these assays, activation of recombinantly expressedFGFR1c/beta klotho receptor complex in the cells induces intracellularsignaling transduction, which leads to ERK and then Elk1phosphorylation. Once Gal4-Elk1 is phosphorylated, Gal4-Elk1 binds tothe 5×UAS promoter region and turns on luciferase reporter genetranscription. The activity of luciferase is then measured in luciferaseenzymatic assays.

For these experiments, the above mentioned four plasmids (e.g., 2reporter plasmids, beta klotho, R1c) were transfected into newlyharvested cells in suspension using FuGene6 or Fugene HD transfectionreagent (Promega). Cell density and transfection reagent amount wereoptimized for each cell type and each Fugene batch. Beta klotho andFGFR1c DNA ratio in transfection was optimized for each cell line andvaried between 6:1 to 27:1. Transfected cells were seeded into 96-well(30,000 cells/100 μL/well), or 384-well plate (7500 cells/25 μL/well) innormal growth medium. After overnight incubation at 37° C., a variety ofantibodies to beta klotho were added. After 6 hrs of 37° C. incubationwith the antibodies, an equal volume of Bright-Glo reagent (Promega) wasadded and luminescence signal was read using Enspire reader (PerkinElmer).

Representative results using human beta klotho and cyno beta klotho,transfected into HEK 293 cells, are reported as EC50 values as shown inTable 13 and Table 14, respectively, below.

TABLE 13 Experiment - A Experiment - B HEK293 HEK293 huKLB/R1c reporterhuKLB/R1c reporter assay EC50 assay EC50 mAb (pM) (pM) control* 45.327.9 5H23 102 34.2 1D19 620 2L12 373 3L3 773 3N20 527 4P5 600 78.3 1G19231 127 *Control mAB comprises SEQ ID NO: 358 and SEQ ID NO: 360

TABLE 14 Experiment - A Experiment - B HEK293 HEK293 cynoKLB/R1creporter cynoKLB/R1c reporter assay EC50 assay EC50 mAb (pM) (pM)control* 108 227 178 5H23 165 218 1D19 954 2L12 260 410 3L3 3576  16723N20 2464  >10000 4P5 347 465 1G19 2354  2447 *Control mAB comprises SEQID NO: 358 and SEQ ID NO: 360

Representative results using human beta klotho, transfected into L6cells, are reported as EC50 values as shown in Table 15 below.

TABLE 15 L6 L6 L6 L6 huKLB/R1c huKLB/R2c huKLB/R3c huKLB/R4 reporterassay reporter assay reporter assay reporter assay EC50 EC50 EC50 EC50mAb (nM) (nM) (nM) (nM) control FGF19: 2.66 FGF19: 0.16 FGF19: 2.1FGF19: 0.05 5H23 0.28 >67 >67 >67 2L12 4.65 >67 >67 >67 4P5 0.39 >67 >67>67

L6 cells lack endogenous receptors and are often used to investigateantibody specificity to various transfected FGF receptor subtypes.Activation of the receptor via FGFR1c/beta klotho signaling in theabsence of ligand (e.g., FGF19 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 304) or FGF21 (e.g.,SEQ ID NO: 429)) by the exemplary anti-beta klotho antibodies of thepresent disclosure was observed with L6 cells transfected with FGFR1c(R1c), but not with L6 cells transfected with FGFR2c (R2c), FGFR3c(R3c), or FGFR4 (R4), whereas activation by the FGF19 control wasobserved with L6 cells transfected with R1c, R2c, R3c and R4.

Example 5: Additional Functional Assays

Antibodies to beta klotho generated, for example, as described inExample 1, were tested for their functional activity in a cell-basedassay, such as an adipocyte assay, which measures endogenous FGFR1c/betaklotho signaling. FGF19 or FGF21 stimulate ERK phosphorylation, increaseglucose uptake and lipolyses in cultured adipocytes. Adipocytes areconsidered physiologically relevant for demonstrating the functionalactivity of receptor ligands or agonist antibodies which mimic thefunction of ligands (e.g., signaling of the receptor by the ligands).

For example, frozen human preadipocytes (Lonza Cat #PT-5005) were thawedon day 1, differentiated on day 3 and maintained in differentiationmedium for about two weeks before the experiment (e.g., then starved onday 17, and assayed on day 18). The seeding medium was 1:1 DMEM/F12K+10%FBS. Seeding cell density was 25,000 cells/100 μL/well in 96-well plate.On day 3, medium was replaced with human adipocytes differentiationmedium (Cell Applications Inc). From then on, fresh differentiationmedium was added onto cells every 2-3 days. On day 17 (the day beforethe assay), the cells were rinsed two times and left with DMEM/0.1% BSA(Sigma cat #A3803 essential fatty acids free BSA) overnight. The nextday, fresh DMEM/0.1% BSA medium was added for 1 hour before the cellswere treated with test anti-beta klotho antibodies for 15 minutes at 37°C. Cis-bio Cellul'erk assay kit (Cat #64ERKPEH) was used to assay forERK phosphorylation level following the manufacturer's protocol.

Representative results using human adipocytes are reported as EC50values as shown in Table 16 below:

TABLE 16 Experiment - B Experiment - A hAdip pERK assay mAb hAdip pERKassay EC50 (nM) Control +++ FGF19      5.49 5H23 +++      1.66 1C17++ >>67 1D19 +++   >67 2L12 +++      1.23 3L3 +++   ~30~ 3N20 +++   >674P5 +++      0.89 5F7 ++   >67 5C23 ++ >>67 1G19 +++      1.3

Example 6: Ligand Competition

Ligand (FGF19 or FGF21) competition assays were conducted to evaluatewhether antibody-human beta klotho interaction influences the binding ofbeta klotho to its natural ligand, FGF19 or FGF21.

For example, Biacore-based competition assays were set up in which FGF19(e.g., SEQ ID NO: 304) or FGF21 (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 429) was immobilizedon a flow cell (Fc2) of a CM5 chip (using Fc1 as a reference surface).Human beta klotho-antibody complexes were prepared with exemplaryantibodies of the present disclosure, such as 5H23 (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO:25 and VL SEQ ID NO: 26) or a humanized 5H23 (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271and VL SEQ ID NO: 276)). For example, concentrations of 5H23 and acontrol antibody were titrated from 0.1-67 nM while keeping beta klothoconcentration constant at 5 nM in a 96-well micro plate and injected onthe FGF19 surface. For another example, concentrations of a humanized5H23 (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276) were titrated from0.001-67 nM while keeping beta klotho concentration constant at 2.5 nMin a 96-well micro plate and injected on the FGF 21 surface. Themeasured signal (Response Unit, RU) was plotted against the solutionantibody concentration [nM]. If the antibody in solution recognized thesame epitope as FGF19 ligand or FGF21 ligand immobilized on the chipsurface, then a decrease in RU was observed with increase inconcentration of antibody in solution, demonstrating competition withFGF19 ligand or FGF21 ligand for the binding site on beta klotho.However, if the antibody in solution recognized a distinct epitoperelative to the immobilized FGF19 ligand or FGF21 ligand, an increase inRU was observed. In the latter scenario, the antibody-klotho complexcould bind to the immobilized FGF19 ligand surface or immobilized FGF21ligand surface leading to the observed increase in signal. In theexemplary data shown below in Table 17A, a control antibody partiallycompeted with the FGF19 ligand resulting in a significant reduction ofRU signal, where 5H23 did not compete with the FGF19 ligand for bindingto beta klotho. In the exemplary data shown below in Table 17B, acontrol antibody competed with the FGF21 ligand resulting in asignificant reduction in RU signal, where a humanized 5H23 did notcompete with the FGF21 ligand for binding to beta klotho.

TABLE 17A Experiment 1 RU % Change Remark RU signal for 5 nM β- 127 100%Control antibody* Klotho (no complex) RU signal for klotho-  60  47%Partial competition Control antibody reduction between Control complexantibody* and FGF19 for binding to β-klotho RU signal for 5 nM β- 109100% Control antibody* Klotho (no complex) RU signal for klotho- 125114% 5H23-klotho complex 5H23 complex increase binds to FGF19, hence nocompetition *Control antibody comprises SEQ ID NO: 358 and SEQ ID NO:360

TABLE 17B Experiment 1 Normalized RU % Change Remark RU signal for 2.5nM β- 1 100% Control antibody* Klotho (no complex) RU signal for klotho-0.03  97% FGF21 competes FGF21 complex reduction with itself for bindingto β- klotho RU signal for 2.5 nM β- 1 100% Control antibody* Klotho (nocomplex) RU signal for klotho- 1.1 110% Humanized 5H23- humanized 5H23increase klotho complex complex binds to FGF21, hence no competition*Control antibody comprises SEQ ID NO: 358 and SEQ ID NO: 360

Because 5H23 and a humanized 5H23 antibody bind to a different epitopeof beta klotho as compared to endogenous ligands, such as FGF19 andFGF21, experiments were conducted to test if there were synergisticeffects between FGF21 and 5H23 or a humanized 5H23 antibody. In a HEK293reporter assay (see, e.g., Example 4), combinations of FGF21 and ahumanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276)were tested in a 1:1 molar ratio or fixing one and titrating theconcentration of the other. No evidence of synergistic effects wasobserved; the maximum effect of FGF21 was not enhanced by the humanized5H23 antibody, and vice versa.

Example 7: Humanization

Humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies were generated, including fromantibodies selected as described in Examples 1-6.

A number of anti-beta klotho antibodies were selected for sequencing andtheir VH and VL regions, including their CDRs, are shown in Tables 1-10and in FIGS. 1 and 2 . An exemplary anti-beta klotho antibody, 5H23, wasselected for humanization. Several methods of humanization wereutilized. For some of the humanized antibodies, the method forhumanization was empirical and based in part on structural informationrelated to immunoglobulin variable regions including molecular modelsand requirements of antibody structural stability (see, e.g., Ewert etal., 2004, Methods 34:184-199; Honegger, 2008, Handb. Exp. Pharmacol.181:47-68; Kügler et al., 2009, Protein Eng. Des. Sel. 22: 135-147). Themethod was also based in part on considerations of antigen contactresidues and/or framework stability residues. For example, considerationof typical antigen contact residues depends on the size of the antigenparticularly residues outside CDRs which can contact the antigen, uppercore, central core and lower core divisions, VH:VL interface residues,conserved Pro/Gly (positive phi angles) and VH subtype correlatedresidues match (see, e.g., Ewert et al., supra; Honegger, supra; Kügleret al., supra).

For example, human VH sequences homologous to the 5H23 VH frameworksequences were searched for and the VH sequence encoded by the humangermline IGHV1-3*01 (see, e.g., Ehrenmann et al., 2011, Cold SpringHarbor Protoc. G:737-749) was chosen as an acceptor for humanization.For some of the humanized antibodies, the CDR sequences of 5H23 VH werefirst transferred to the corresponding positions of IGHV1-3*01. Next, anumber of amino acid residues of 5H23 VH were substituted for thecorresponding human residues individually or in combinations.

Also, for example, human VL sequences homologous to the 5H23 VLframework sequences, were searched for and the human VK region encodedby the IGKV4-1*01 (see, e.g., Ehrennmann et al., supra) was chosen as anacceptor for humanization. For some of the humanized antibodies, the CDRsequences of 5H23 VL were first transferred to the correspondingpositions of IGKV4-1*01. Next, a number of amino acid residues of 5H23VL were substituted for the corresponding human residues individually orin combinations.

For some of the humanized antibodies, the method of humanization used analgorithm to construct a three-dimensional map of the mouse variableregions. This method also identified framework amino acids and residuesimportant for the formation of CDR structure or necessary for binding tobeta klotho. In addition, human VH and VL amino acid sequences with highhomology to the mouse sequences were selected for possible frameworksequences for humanization. As described above, the CDR sequences of5H23 antibody may be transferred to such additional human frameworksequences. A variety of human framework sequences, including germlinesequences (e.g., IGHV1-3, IGHV1-46, IGHV1-69, IGKV4-1, IGKV1-39 orIGKV3-20) and mature individual sequences, may be suitable for themethod of humanization. Next, a number of amino acid residues of 5H23 VHand/or 5H23 VL may be substituted for the corresponding human residuesindividually or in combination.

For some of the humanized light chains, IG BLAST searches were used toidentify human germline sequences that were close matches in sequencewith 5H23 VL and/or that were commonly used sequences, including, forexample, IGKV1-39 and IGKV3-20. For some of the humanized light chains,the CDR sequences of 5H23 VL were first transferred to the correspondingpositions of IGKV1-39 or IGKV3-20 and then certain amino acids wereselected empirically for substation.

The amino acid sequences of the resulting humanized VH (vH1-vH9) and VL(vL1 to vL5, v1-39a to v1-39p and v3-20a to v3-20j) sequences are shownwith 5H23 VH and VL sequences in FIG. 3A-3D. For example, using thevarious humanization methods described in this Example, a number ofamino acid residues of 5H23 VH and VL were substituted for thecorresponding human residue to obtain humanized sequences as shown inFIG. 3A-3D.

Humanized beta klotho antibodies may be prepared using any of the CDRsequences in Table 18 in combination with any of the framework sequencesin Table 19.

TABLE 18 CDR Sequences for Humanized Anti-Beta Klotho Antibodies VH CDR1SEQ ID NO: 1 GYTFTSYDIN SEQ ID NO: 27 GYSITSGYYWNSEQ ID NO: 53 GYTFTRYDIN SEQ ID NO: 79 GYTFTRYDINSEQ ID NO: 105 GYTFTSYDIN SEQ ID NO: 131 GYIFTNYGISSEQ ID NO: 157 GYTFTRYDIN SEQ ID NO: 183 GYTFTRYDINSEQ ID NO: 209 GYTFTRYDIN SEQ ID NO: 235 GYSITSGYYWN VH CDR2SEQ ID NO: 2 WIYPGDGSTKYNEKFKG SEQ ID NO: 28 YINYDGNSNYTPSLKNSEQ ID NO: 54 WIYPGDSSTKFNENFKD SEQ ID NO: 80 WIYPGDDSTKYNEKFKGSEQ ID NO: 106 WIYPGDGSPKYDEKFKG SEQ ID NO: 132 EIYPRSGNTYYNEKFKGSEQ ID NO: 158 WIYPGDDSTKYNEKFKG SEQ ID NO: 184 WIYPGDGSTKYNEKFEGSEQ ID NO: 210 WIYPGDISTKYNEKFKG SEQ ID NO: 236 YINYGGSNNYNPSLKN VH CDR3SEQ ID NO: 3 SDYYGSRSFAY SEQ ID NO: 29 KGAYYSNYDSFDVSEQ ID NO: 55 SDYYGSRSFTY SEQ ID NO: 81 SDYYGSRSFVYSEQ ID NO: 107 SDYYGSRSFVY SEQ ID NO: 133 HWDGVLDYFDYSEQ ID NO: 159 SDYYGSRSFVY SEQ ID NO: 185 SDYYGSRSFVYSEQ ID NO: 211 SDYYGSRSFVY SEQ ID NO: 237 RGAYYSNYDSFDV VL CDR1SEQ ID NO: 4 RASKSVSTSGYVYMH SEQ ID NO: 30 KASQDINSYLSSEQ ID NO: 56 RASKSVSTSGYSYMH SEQ ID NO: 82 RASKSVSTSGYSYLHSEQ ID NO: 108 RASKSVSTSGYSYVH SEQ ID NO: 134 KSSQSLLNSGNQKNYLASEQ ID NO: 160 RASKSVSTSGYSYMH SEQ ID NO: 186 RASKSVSTSGYSYMHSEQ ID NO: 212 RASKSVSTSGYSYMH SEQ ID NO: 238 KASQDINSYLS VL CDR2SEQ ID NO: 5 LASYLES SEQ ID NO: 31 RANRLVD SEQ ID NO: 57 LASNLESSEQ ID NO: 83 LASNLES SEQ ID NO: 109 LASNLES SEQ ID NO: 135 GASTRESSEQ ID NO: 161 LASNLES SEQ ID NO: 187 LASNLES SEQ ID NO: 213 LASNLESSEQ ID NO: 239 RANRLVD VL CDR3 SEQ ID NO: 6 QHSRDLTFPSEQ ID NO: 32 LQYDEFPFT SEQ ID NO: 58 QHSRELPYT SEQ ID NO: 84 QHSGELPYTSEQ ID NO: 110 QHSGELPYT SEQ ID NO: 136 LNDHSYPFTSEQ ID NO: 162 HHSGELPYT SEQ ID NO: 188 QHSRELPYTSEQ ID NO: 214 QHSRELPYT SEQ ID NO: 240 LQYDEFPYT

TABLE 19 Framework Sequences for Humanized Anti-Beta Klotho AntibodiesVH Framework 1 (FR1) SEQ ID NO: 278 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASSEQ ID NO: 279 QVQLQQSGAEVKKPGASVKVSCKASSEQ ID NO: 280 QVQLVQSGPEVKKPGASVKVSCKASSEQ ID NO: 378 QVQLVQSGAEVKKPGSSVKVSCKAS Framework 2 (FR2)SEQ ID NO: 281 WVRQAPGQGLEWMG SEQ ID NO: 282 WVRQAPGQGLEWIGSEQ ID NO: 283 WVKQAPGQGLEWIG Framework 3 (FR3)SEQ ID NO: 284 RVTITRDTSASTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSEQ ID NO: 285 KATITRDTSASTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYFCARSEQ ID NO: 286 KATLTADTSASTAYMELSSLRSENTAVYFCARSEQ ID NO: 287 KATLTADKSARTAYMELSSLRSENTAVYFCARSEQ ID NO: 379 RATLTADKSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSEQ ID NO: 380 RATLTADKSTRTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCARSEQ ID NO: 381 RATITADKSTSTAYMELSSLRSEDTAVYYCAR Framework 4 (FR4)SEQ ID NO: 288 WGQGTLVTVSS VL Framework 1 (FR1)SEQ ID NO: 289 DIVLTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINCSEQ ID NO: 290 DIVMTQSPDSLAVSLGERATINCSEQ ID NO: 382 DIQMTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCSEQ ID NO: 383 DIQLTQSPSSLSASVGDRVTITCSEQ ID NO: 384 EIVLTQSPATLSLSPGERATLSC Framework 2 (FR2)SEQ ID NO: 291 WNQQKPGQPPKLLIY SEQ ID NO: 292 WYQQKPGQPPKLLIYSEQ ID NO: 385 WYQQKPGKAPKLLIY SEQ ID NO: 386 WNQQKPGKAPKLLIYSEQ ID NO: 387 WYQQKPGKPPKLLIY SEQ ID NO: 388 WNQQKPGKPPKLLIYSEQ ID NO: 389 WYQQKPGQAPRLLIY SEQ ID NO: 390 WNQQKPGQAPRLLIYSEQ ID NO: 391 WYQQKPGQPPRLLIY SEQ ID NO: 392 WNQQKPGQPPRLLIYFramework 3 (FR3) SEQ ID NO: 293 GVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQAEDAAIYYCSEQ ID NO: 294 GVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQAEDVAVYYCSEQ ID NO: 295 GVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQAEDVAIYYCSEQ ID NO: 393 GVPDRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQAEDVAVYYCSEQ ID NO: 394 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQPEDFATYYCSEQ ID NO: 395 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQPEDFATYYCSEQ ID NO: 396 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSLQEEDFATYYCSEQ ID NO: 397 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQEEDFATYYCSEQ ID NO: 398 GVPSRFSGSGSGTDFTLTISSVQEEDAATYYCSEQ ID NO: 399 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDFAVYYCSEQ ID NO: 400 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRVEPEDFAVYYCSEQ ID NO: 401 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEPEDAAVYYCSEQ ID NO: 402 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRLEEEDFAVYYCSEQ ID NO: 403 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRVEEEDFAVYYCSEQ ID NO: 404 GIPARFSGSGSGTDFTLTISRVEEEDAAVYYC Framework 4 (FR4)SEQ ID NO: 296 FGGGTKLEIK SEQ ID NO: 405 FGGGTKVEIKSEQ ID NO: 406 FGQGTKLEIK SEQ ID NO: 407 FGGQTKLEIK

For example, a humanized anti-beta klotho antibody may comprise a heavychain variable region (VH) comprising: FR1 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:278, 279,280, or 378); CDR1 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:1, 27, 53, 79, 105, 131, 157, 183,209, 235); FR2 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:281, 282, or 283); CDR2 (e.g., SEQ IDNO:2, 28, 54, 80, 106, 132, 158, 184, 210, or 236); FR3 (e.g., SEQ IDNO:284, 285, 286, 287, 379, 380, or 381); CDR3 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:3, 29,55, 81, 107, 133, 159, 185, 211, or 237); and/or FR4 (e.g., SEQ IDNO:288); and/or a light chain variable region (VL) comprising: FR1(e.g., SEQ ID NO:289, 290, 382, 383, or 384); CDR1 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:4,30, 56, 82, 108, 134, 160, 186, 212, or 238); FR2 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:291,292, or 385-392); CDR2 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:5, 31, 57, 83, 109, 135, 161,187, 213, or 239); FR3 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:293, 294, 295, or 393-404); CDR3(e.g., SEQ ID NO:6, 32, 58, 84, 110, 136, 162, 188, 214, 240); and/orFR4 (e.g., SEQ ID NO:296, 405, 406, or 407).

As described in this Example, humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies wereempirically designed and expressed as beta klotho binding proteins,including nine humanized variants of the VH region of antibody 5H23 andthirty-one humanized variants of the VL region of antibody 5H23 thatwere created. The sequences of these exemplary humanized 5H23 VH and VLregions are shown in FIG. 3A-3D.

Humanized antibodies were prepared with humanized VH and humanized VLregions with sequences as shown in FIG. 3A-3D. For example, eighteen(6×3) combinations of vH 1-6 and vL1-3 were constructed using an IgG1(ala-ala) constant region (SEQ ID NO:316) and a kappa constant region(SEQ ID NO:318): vH1-VL1, vH1-vL2, vH1-vL3, vH2-vL1, vH2-vL2, vH2-vL3,vH3-vL1, vH3-vL2, vH3-vL3, vH4-vL1, vH4-vL2, vH4-vL3, vH5-vL1, vH5-vL2,vH5-vL3, vH6-vL1, vH6-vL2, vH6-vL3, with sequences as shown in FIG.3A-3D. Additionally, humanized antibodies were constructed with anexemplary humanized VH region (e.g., vH3) and twenty-six humanized VLregions (v1-39a to v1-39p and v3-20a to v3-20j) with sequences as shownin FIG. 3A-3D.

The humanized antibodies were tested from their activity in a variety ofassays, including, for example, as described in Examples 2-6. Expressionof the humanized antibodies with light chains comprising vL3 or v1-39cwas low and those antibodies were not further tested. Exemplary resultswith a variety of humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies are shown inTable 20A and 20B below.

TABLE 20A Expres- KD- KD- EC50 EC50- Anti- sion huKLB cyKLB reporteradipocyte body (mg/L) (nM) (nM) assay (nM) (nM) Control 0.08 0.7 0.2,0.54 3.4 mAb 5H23 0.05 0.7 0.27, 0.51 3.4 vL1 vH1 80 1.5 ≥50 2.7 ND vH280 1.7 ≥50 3.2 ND vH3 50 0.43 ≥50 1.1 ND vH4 80 2.26 ≥50 3.0 ND vH5 200.81 ≥50 8.2 ND vH6 NA vL2 vH1 200  0.21 0.95 NA 8.4 vH2 66 0.41 0.751.3 13.3 vH3 50-60 0.23 0.59 0.68 5.5 vH4 66 0.33 0.61 3.5 16.4 vH5 300.19 0.61 1.1 8.1 vH6 20 0.4 0.83 1.7 15.3

TABLE 20B Estimated EC50 EC50 Titer KD-huKLB reporter adipocyte Antibody(mg/L) (nM) assay (nM) (nM) h5H23 (Prep 1) — 0.64 — — h5H23 (Prep 2) —0.58 0.6  11.2 vH3 VL v1-39a 50 0.90 — — VL v1-39b 50 0.53 1.03 — VLv1-39c 10 — — — VL v1-39d 50 0.73 1.49 — VL v1-39e >100 1.00 — — VLv1-39f >100 0.28 0.80 21.4 VL v1-39g >100 1.10 — — VL v1-39h 10 2.10 — —VL v1-39i 50 0.63 1.12 — VL v1-39j 100 0.70 — — VL v1-39k 100 1.50 — —VL v1-39l 100 — — — VL v1-39m 50 <0.1 — — VL v1-39n >100 <0.1 — — VLv1-39o 25 0.36 — — VL v1-39p 10 0.36 — — VL v3-20a 25 0.64 — — VL v3-20b50 1.90 — — VL v3-20c 0 1.60 — — VL v3-20d 50 — — — VL v3-20e 50 1.60 —— VL v3-20f 10 1.80 — — VL v3-20g — — — — VL v3-20h 25 1.50 — — VLv3-20i 10 — — — VL v3-20j 10 — — — Prep 1 = humanized 5H23 antibody(e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276) preparation expressed atthe same time as LC variants; Prep 2 = humanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VHSEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276) purified preparation. Controlantibody = VH SEQ ID NO: 358 and VL SEQ ID NO: 360.

In additional assays, for example, reporter assays with HEK293T cells asdescribed in Example 4, wherein the cells were transfected with plasmidsencoding mouse beta klotho (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 301), rat beta klotho(e.g., SEQ ID NO: 356), hamster beta klotho (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 408),rabbit beta klotho (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 410), or dog beta klotho (e.g., SEQID NO: 412) and were also transfected with plasmids encoding chimericmouse FGFR1-13111c receptor (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 416), chimeric ratFGFR1-13111c receptor (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 419), chimeric hamsterFGFR1-6111c receptor (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 417), chimeric rabbitFGFR1-13111c receptor (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 420), or dog FGFR1-βIIIcreceptor (e.g., SEQ ID NO: 418), respectively, when treated with ananti-beta klotho antibody such as a humanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VHSEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276), did not activate the chimericmouse, rat, hamster, rabbit or dog beta klotho-FGFR1c receptor complex,respectively. The anti-beta klotho antibodies as described herein,including 5H23 and humanized 5H23 antibodies, as well as antibodies thatcompete with 5H23 (e.g., 1C17, 1 D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7and 1G19 as described in Example 3) with CDR sequences as shown inTables 1-10, activate a human and cyno beta klotho/FGF receptor complex,but not mouse, rat, hamster, rabbit, or dog beta klotho/FGF receptorcomplexes as demonstrated by reporter assays described above. When amonovalent Fab of anti-beta klotho antibody prepared from a papaindigestion of an anti-beta klotho antibody, such as a humanized 5H23antibody (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276), was tested ina HEK293 reporter assay for its ability to activate human FGFR1c/KLBreceptor complex, the Fab showed no antibody activity up to 67 nM,whereas the humanized 5H23 antibody showed activity with low nanomolarconcentrations similar to that shown in Table 20B.

Example 8: Animal Studies

Effects of anti-beta klotho antibodies are evaluated in animal studies,including with cynomolgus monkeys.

In obese cynomolgus monkey studies, an exemplary anti-beta klothoantibody that binds to human beta klotho and cyno beta klotho (e.g.,antibody 5H23 or humanized variant thereof), as well as an antibodycomprising one or more of the CDRs of 5H23 as shown in Table 1 oralternatively, an antibody comprising one or more of the CDRs of anantibody or humanized variant thereof shown in Tables 2-10 that competefor the binding of 5H23 to human beta klotho as described in Example 3,is administered. Effects on a variety of metabolic parameters may bemeasured. Exemplary parameters include food intake, body weight, bodymass index (BMI), abdominal circumference (AC), skin fold thickness(SFT), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), fasting and/or fed (e.g.,postprandial) blood (e.g., serum) glucose levels, insulin levels, and/ortriglyceride levels.

In an actual study, twenty spontaneous obese cynomolgus monkeys withbody mass index equal to or above 40 are selected and randomized intovehicle (n=10) and antibody treatment (n=10) groups. Animals receivesubcutaneous injection of either vehicle or anti-beta klotho antibody ondays 1 and 14. Food intake for each meal is recorded and body weight ismeasured once a week. Blood samples are taken once a week for 7 weeksfor the measurements of plasma (alternatively, serum) glucose, insulin,lipids and parameters of interest. On days 14, 28 and 49, an oralglucose tolerance test is conducted.

Exemplary treatment effects may include reduced food intake, decreasedbody weight, decreased BMI, AC and/or SFT, improved glucose tolerance,decreased insulin levels, decreased fasting and/or fed (e.g.,postprandial) plasma (alternatively, serum) glucose levels, insulinlevels, and/or reduced triglyceride levels. These effects indicateimproved metabolic parameters with treatment with anti-beta klothoantibodies.

For example, twenty male cynomolgus monkeys were selected for treatmentwith a humanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ IDNO: 276) or a vehicle control based on their BMI (>40) and were trainedfor chair restraint, subcutaneous injection, blood draw, and oralgavage. A routine feeding schedule was established.

Baseline values of various parameters of interest were measured prior tothe treatments. For example, on day −7, baseline body weight, BMI,abdominal circumference, and skin fold thickness were measured, and adual energy X-ray absorptiometry (“DEXA”) scan was conducted to thecynomolgus monkeys under ketamine anesthesia to measure bone mineraldensity. Blood samples were taken on day −3, following an overnightfast. Baseline levels of serum glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, LDL,HDL, triglyceride, and a panel of hematology and clinical chemistryparameters were measured and analyzed. Immediately after the baselinesamples, animals were subjected to oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) byreceiving a gavage of 4 g/kg glucose and were sampled at 5, 15, 30, 60,120 and 180 minutes after the glucose challenge, and serum glucose andinsulin were measured. Based on the baseline data, the animals wereassigned into two groups with 10 animals in each group (e.g., one groupfor antibody treatment and the other group as a vehicle control group)to achieve similar baseline levels of the various parameters, e.g., bodyweight, BMI, and levels of serum glucose, insulin, and triglyceride.

Starting from day 0, one group of animals (n=10) received a dose ofsubcutaneous injection of 10 mg/kg of an anti-beta klotho antibody, suchas a humanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO:276) biweekly (e.g., on days 0, 14, 28, and 42) for 4 doses. The vehiclecontrol group received matched vehicles on the same days. The treatmentswere carried out in the morning 30 minutes before the morning meal, andthe dosing volume was 0.1 to 0.2 mL/kg.

Parameters of interest, e.g., food intake, body weight, clinicalchemistry, and OGTT, were monitored throughout the study. For example,food intake was measured daily. Body weight, BMI, abdominalcircumference, and skin fold thickness were measured weekly, e.g., ondays 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, 91, and 98. Bloodsamples were collected weekly, e.g., on days 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49,56, 63, and 70, following an overnight fast, to measure glucose,insulin, and lipids, such as triglyceride. An additional blood samplewas taken on day 98, following an overnight fast. OGTTs were conductedafter the initiation of the study, e.g., on days 14, 28, and 56, inwhich animals received a gavage of 4 g/kg glucose and were sampled at 5,15, 30, 60, 120 and 180 minutes after the glucose challenge, and serumglucose and insulin were measured. A DEXA scan was conducted on days 30and 72. In addition, a hematology and clinical chemistry panel wasanalyzed on days 28 and 70. Two animals from vehicle group and twoanimals from the anti-beta klotho antibody group were euthanized andnecropsy was performed on day 50 for safety assessment. During thestudy, all animals were closely monitored for their health.

Exemplary results from this study are shown in Tables 21 to 25 below. Asshown in Table 21, the body weight of animals treated with vehicleremained constant (with slight increase over the course); while the bodyweight of animals treated with the anti-beta klotho antibodyprogressively decreased, and the body weight did not return to baselinelevel during weeks 8-14 (e.g., recovery phase). Similarly, as shown inTable 22, animals treated with vehicle showed relatively stable BMIthroughout the study, while animals treated with the anti-beta klothoantibody showed decreased level of BMI over the course of the study. BMIlevel also did not come back to baseline values (e.g., during therecovery phase). These results suggest that the anti-beta klothoantibody treatment resulted in reduction of fat mass.

As shown in Table 23, the serum insulin levels in animals treated withvehicle increased over the course of the study; while the serum insulinlevels in animals treated with the anti-beta klotho antibodysignificantly decreased. The serum glucose levels were also reduced inanimals treated the anti-beta klotho antibody, as shown in Table 24.Similarly, as shown in Table 25, the triglyceride levels in animalstreated with vehicle increased over the course of the study; while thetriglyceride levels in animals treated with the anti-beta klothoantibody were significantly reduced.

Results of OGTTs demonstrated that before treatments, baseline levels ofinsulin were not significantly different between the vehicle and theanti-beta klotho antibody groups. In contrast, after treatment, therewas a trend towards glucose reduction and insulin levels were reduced inanimals treated with the anti-beta klotho antibody compared with animalstreated with vehicle.

TABLE 21A Body Weight (kg) Week −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vehicle Mean 10.8410.75 10.66 10.63 10.61 10.75 10.67 10.66 sem 0.49 0.50 0.50 0.48 0.480.47 0.48 0.46 h5H23 Mean 10.87 10.84 10.60 10.45 10.27 10.21 10.00 9.86sem 0.33 0.36 0.36 0.38 0.37 0.40 0.41 0.41 Week 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14Vehicle Mean 10.75 10.98 10.96 11.08 11.09 11.12 11.23 11.18 sem 0.470.59 0.59 0.61 0.60 0.59 0.58 0.59 h5H23 Mean 9.76 9.58 9.52 9.46 9.439.43 9.39 9.27 sem 0.42 0.50 0.51 0.51 0.53 0.56 0.53 0.56

TABLE 21B Body Weight Change (kg) Week 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1314 Vehicle Mean 0.00 −0.09 −0.12 −0.14 0.00 −0.08 −0.09 0.00 0.14 0.130.24 0.26 0.28 0.39 0.34 sem 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.100.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.17 h5H23 Mean 0.00 −0.24 −0.39 −0.57−0.63 −0.84 −0.98 −1.08 −1.07 −1.13 −1.19 −1.22 −1.22 −1.25 −1.38 sem0.00 0.05 0.08 0.10 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.310.34

TABLE 22 BMI Week −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Vehicle Mean 57.59 57.06 56.59 56.4456.33 57.08 56.63 56.59 sem 2.41 2.45 2.45 2.33 2.31 2.28 2.30 2.23h5H23 Mean 57.52 57.32 56.03 55.24 54.28 53.95 52.82 52.07 sem 2.53 2.612.50 2.51 2.44 2.50 2.52 2.54 Week 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Vehicle Mean57.06 58.27 58.17 58.76 58.86 59.00 59.60 59.33 sem 2.25 2.55 2.52 2.602.60 2.53 2.46 2.51 h5H23 Mean 51.54 48.85 48.56 48.24 48.09 48.07 47.9447.28 sem 2.48 2.29 2.30 2.32 2.44 2.54 2.46 2.60

TABLE 23 Insulin (uU/mL) Week −1 to 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vehicle Mean114.85 100.09 91.06 124.79 187.36 159.20 226.53 145.78 186.75 204.96181.32 sem 32.75 19.94 26.33 37.48 62.09 51.60 130.94 34.74 39.85 52.6352.28 h5H23 Mean 89.18 34.73 36.19 38.11 46.75 48.28 35.42 37.95 57.2963.23 55.30 sem 9.51 4.91 4.14 7.24 6.54 6.80 4.98 5.03 12.99 12.4313.62

TABLE 24 Glucose (mg/dL) Week −1 to 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Vehicle Mean90.81 93.69 95.41 90.21 94.51 98.31 97.70 95.78 94.73 93.53 90.06 sem10.00 9.07 9.73 7.93 9.17 10.46 13.12 10.21 11.62 12.09 12.49 h5H23 Mean90.85 87.37 83.19 84.92 85.62 80.52 80.97 79.60 81.90 78.20 76.60 sem11.67 6.61 6.92 8.02 6.75 5.67 6.32 4.30 4.97 7.07 5.49

TABLE 25 Triglyceride (mmol/L) Week −1 to 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 VehicleMean 0.93 0.76 0.92 0.70 1.36 0.90 1.15 1.20 1.54 1.35 1.26 sem 0.250.08 0.16 0.10 0.27 0.14 0.38 0.22 0.35 0.38 0.37 h5H23 Mean 1.05 0.650.65 0.59 0.70 0.59 0.56 0.70 0.90 0.73 0.71 sem 0.17 0.09 0.12 0.080.10 0.05 0.07 0.12 0.13 0.08 0.10

In another exemplary study, forty spontaneous obese male cynomolgus wereselected, trained and fed as described above.

Baseline values of various parameters were measured prior to thetreatments as discussed above. For example, baseline body weight, BMI,abdominal circumference and skin fold thickness were measured on day −4,and baseline blood samples were taken for measurements of serum glucose,insulin, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride on day −3,following an overnight fast. Based on these baseline data, animals wereassigned into 5 groups (8 animals in each group) with 4 groups toreceive various doses of an anti-beta klotho antibody such as ahumanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276)and one group to receive a vehicle control.

On day 0, the first group of animals (n=8) received a single dose ofsubcutaneous injection of 0.1 mg/kg of the anti-beta klotho antibody;the second group of animals (n=8) received a single dose of subcutaneousinjection of 1 mg/kg the anti-beta klotho antibody, and the third groupof animals (n=8) received a single dose of subcutaneous injection of 10mg/kg the anti-beta klotho antibody. Starting from day 0, the fourthgroup of animals (n=8) received a dose of subcutaneous injection of 0.1mg/kg of the anti-beta klotho antibody once every 4 weeks for a durationof 12 weeks. As a control, the fifth group of animals (n=8) received adose of vehicle once every 4 weeks for 12 weeks. The treatments werecarried out in the morning 30 minutes before the morning meal, and thedosing volume was 0.2 mL/kg.

Parameters of interest were monitored throughout the study. For example,food intake was measured for each meal. Body weight, BMI, abdominalcircumference, and skin fold thickness were measured weekly. Bloodexamples were taken at, e.g., 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours and 3, 4, 7, 10, 14,21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, 70, 77, 84, and 112 days after the dose(s),and parameters of interest, e.g., serum glucose, insulin, totalcholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglyceride, were measured. During the study,all animals were closely monitored for their health as described above.

Exemplary results of this dose-response study are shown in Tables 26-29.Table 26 shows the relative body weight changes in animals treated withthe anti-beta klotho antibody compared with the body weight changes inanimals treated with vehicle. As shown, a single dose of subcutaneousinjection of 0.1 mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg the anti-beta klothoantibody, or four doses of subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg theanti-beta klotho antibody significantly reduced body weight. Inaddition, the reduced body weight was maintained on day 112 for animalsreceiving a single dose of 10 mg/kg the anti-beta klotho antibody, orfor animals receiving four doses of 1 mg/kg the anti-beta klothoantibody compared with vehicle.

As shown in Table 27, a single dose of subcutaneous injection of 0.1mg/kg, 1 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg the anti-beta klotho antibody, or four dosesof subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg the anti-beta klotho antibodyreduced serum insulin level compared with the vehicle control group. Inaddition, four doses of subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg the anti-betaklotho antibody significantly reduced serum glucose level, as shown inTable 28. Furthermore, serum triglyceride levels in animals treated witha single dose of subcutaneous injection of 1 mg/kg, or 10 mg/kg theanti-beta klotho antibody, or four doses of subcutaneous injection of 1mg/kg the anti-beta klotho antibody, were reduced compared the animalstreated with vehicle, as shown in Table 29.

TABLE 26A Body Weight Days −4 4 10 14 21 28 35 42 49 56 63 70 77 84 112Vehicle Mean 10.17 10.07 9.89 9.87 9.91 9.83 9.82 9.73 9.71 9.63 9.619.57 9.53 9.45 9.24 sem 0.78 0.80 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.81 0.82 0.82 0.830.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.83 0.81 5H23 (0.1 mg/ Mean 10.00 9.92 9.70 9.629.52 9.47 9.37 9.28 9.27 9.36 9.34 9.27 9.34 9.34 9.21 kg SD) sem 0.670.71 0.69 0.71 0.73 0.76 0.76 0.79 0.79 0.81 0.83 0.85 0.86 0.87 0.855H23 (1 mg/ Mean 9.84 9.69 9.49 9.36 9.28 9.19 9.05 8.92 8.90 8.85 8.858.83 8.89 8.93 9.24 kg SD) sem 0.54 0.55 0.54 0.53 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.550.55 0.54 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.55 0.56 5H23 (10 mg/ Mean 10.07 9.95 9.739.61 9.49 9.33 9.20 9.07 8.98 8.88 8.80 8.73 8.74 8.67 8.51 kg SD) sem0.58 0.56 0.57 0.57 0.59 0.59 0.58 0.58 0.56 0.56 0.58 0.55 0.55 0.540.50 5H23 (1 mg/ Mean 10.05 9.86 9.66 9.51 9.40 9.31 9.14 8.92 8.84 8.748.63 8.53 8.45 8.41 8.29 kg q4w) sem 0.42 0.45 0.43 0.42 0.44 0.44 0.430.43 0.42 0.41 0.42 0.40 0.40 0.39 0.38

TABLE 26B Body Weight Change (kg) Days −4 4 10 14 21 28 35 42 VehicleMean 0.00 −0.09 −0.28 −0.30 −0.26 −0.34 −0.35 −0.44 sem 0.00 0.05 0.050.04 0.06 0.08 0.10 0.13 5H23 (0.1 mg/ Mean 0.00 −0.08 −0.30 −0.38 −0.49−0.54 −0.64 −0.72 kg SD) sem 0.00 0.08 0.06 0.09 0.11 0.15 0.17 0.205H23 (1 mg/ Mean 0.00 −0.16 −0.35 −0.48 −0.56 −0.65 −0.79 −0.93 kg SD)sem 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.09 5H23 (10 mg/ Mean 0.00 −0.12−0.34 −0.47 −0.59 −0.74 −0.88 −1.00 kg SD) sem 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.100.12 0.12 0.11 5H23 (1 mg/ Mean 0.00 −0.18 −0.38 −0.54 −0.65 −0.74 −0.90−1.13 kg q4w) sem 0.00 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.10 Days 49 56 6370 77 84 112 Vehicle Mean −0.45 −0.53 −0.56 −0.60 −0.64 −0.71 −0.93 sem0.14 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.22 0.23 0.27 5H23 (0.1 mg/ Mean −0.74 −0.65 −0.66−0.74 −0.66 −0.66 −0.80 kg SD) sem 0.22 0.24 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.285H23 (1 mg/ Mean −0.95 −0.99 −1.00 −1.01 −0.95 −0.91 −0.60 kg SD) sem0.11 0.13 0.15 0.19 0.21 0.22 0.20 5H23 (10 mg/ Mean −1.10 −1.20 −1.27−1.35 −1.34 −1.40 −1.56 kg SD) sem 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.235H23 (1 mg/ Mean −1.20 −1.30 −1.41 −1.52 −1.60 −1.64 −1.75 kg q4w) sem0.11 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.26

TABLE 27 Insulin Days −3 d 7 d 14 d 21 d 28 d 35 d 42 d 49 d 56 d 70 d84 d 112 d Vehicle Mean 78.96 75.44 85.96 98.23 90.35 80.65 71.70 76.5480.11 80.61 70.61 51.41 sem 17.16 16.65 15.18 23.76 21.01 15.17 13.0112.82 16.32 20.81 17.91 11.05 5H23 (0.1 mg/ Mean 118.28 64.70 65.0965.83 61.15 62.26 84.34 68.17 85.20 82.99 95.31 57.32 kg SD) sem 62.1620.06 22.84 20.26 22.41 19.93 37.61 24.82 41.19 45.77 46.91 20.74 5H23(1 mg/ Mean 74.75 54.52 51.50 54.88 42.31 46.42 46.28 38.83 56.57 40.8951.84 64.91 kg SD) sem 14.42 15.27 10.80 15.55 13.92 11.97 10.53 7.9316.04 7.15 14.73 21.66 5H23 (10 mg/ Mean 84.03 51.57 46.50 54.45 53.4238.67 37.25 34.70 32.83 25.49 33.33 22.38 kg SD) sem 18.06 10.75 7.1914.43 15.43 7.95 5.16 5.04 6.61 3.18 7.10 2.46 5H23 (1 mg/ Mean 133.8252.88 61.67 109.20 49.94 38.83 37.60 47.85 40.18 32.42 30.58 22.14 kgq4w) sem 57.35 18.45 14.30 40.07 13.96 9.93 12.32 13.85 11.96 8.21 10.734.17

TABLE 28 Glucose Days −3 d 7 d 14 d 21 d 28 d 35 d 42 d 49 d 56 d 70 d84 d 112 d Vehicle Mean 90.95 76.41 69.57 68.60 63.90 59.94 68.27 70.7958.12 70.16 73.60 71.46 sem 8.29 9.37 5.55 7.89 6.31 3.46 6.14 7.93 4.427.37 7.52 11.33 5H23 (0.1 mg/ Mean 92.54 72.59 67.10 63.23 54.14 58.1962.37 62.53 62.46 64.24 79.27 73.80 kg SD) sem 15.41 5.49 4.54 4.52 4.823.37 3.69 3.39 5.17 3.60 10.90 6.91 5H23 (1 mg/ Mean 97.67 73.82 64.5157.74 54.72 67.07 62.39 62.96 65.25 65.88 68.56 70.02 kg SD) sem 11.084.64 2.69 3.29 4.38 4.98 3.91 2.36 2.59 8.34 5.21 6.84 5H23 (10 mg/ Mean89.71 73.24 68.74 61.13 58.93 60.55 66.49 61.11 63.14 59.11 69.59 66.49kg SD) sem 11.76 5.56 3.10 5.11 1.92 2.68 2.14 3.56 2.21 2.52 3.98 3.115H23 (1 mg/ Mean 130.01 87.28 81.11 77.56 71.89 67.82 67.79 66.98 65.3463.23 72.56 69.50 kg q4w) sem 21.21 15.15 10.15 13.41 6.83 7.05 7.564.99 6.98 3.75 6.66 4.98

TABLE 29 Triglycerides Days −3 d 7 d 14 d 21 d 28 d 35 d 42 d 49 d 56 d70 d 84 d 112 d Vehicle Mean 0.90 0.61 1.00 1.45 1.04 1.51 1.03 1.300.99 1.10 1.12 0.79 sem 0.18 0.12 0.19 0.33 0.23 0.32 0.17 0.23 0.190.25 0.30 0.13 5H23 (0.1 mg/ Mean 0.69 0.54 0.57 0.67 0.59 0.70 0.780.85 1.09 0.89 1.18 0.98 kg SD) sem 0.13 0.10 0.11 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.220.20 0.40 0.25 0.39 0.27 5H23 (1 mg/ Mean 1.27 0.58 0.76 0.91 0.73 0.590.59 0.72 0.83 0.95 1.33 1.61 kg SD) sem 0.37 0.06 0.20 0.22 0.21 0.060.14 0.17 0.27 0.30 0.36 0.24 5H23 (10 mg/ Mean 1.12 0.61 0.64 0.68 0.540.97 0.55 0.64 0.65 0.59 0.65 0.71 kg SD) sem 0.18 0.09 0.12 0.15 0.090.38 0.09 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 5H23 (1 mg/ Mean 1.24 0.65 0.68 0.770.65 0.57 0.56 0.55 0.57 0.49 0.53 0.53 kg q4w) sem 0.36 0.18 0.19 0.280.11 0.11 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.10 0.08 0.07

The results from these animal studies demonstrate improved metabolicparameters with treatment with anti-beta klotho antibodies providedherein, for example, such as decreases in body weight, body mass index,abdominal circumference, skinfold thickness, glucose (e.g., serumglucose), insulin (e.g., serum insulin) and/or triglycerides (e.g.,serum triglycerides).

Example 9: Epitope and Domain Mapping

Studies were performed in order to localize the binding site on humanKLB of anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope bin, including5H23 as described in Example 3, with sequences shown in Tables 1-10 andFIGS. 1-3 , and human anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitopebin, such as humanized 5H23 antibodies (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VLSEQ ID NO: 276). For example, FACS-based binding assays for domainmapping were performed on Expi293 cells (Life Technologies, A14635) thatwere transiently transfected with plasmids encoding variants of KLB:human, mouse, cynomolgus, a chimeric version in which the KL1 domainsequence of mouse KLB (M1-F506) replaces the KL1 domain of human KLB(M1-F508) to create mouse-human KLB (SEQ ID NO: 376), and a secondchimera in which the human KL1 sequence (M1-F508) replaces the KL1domain of mouse KLB (M1-F506) to create human-mouse KLB (SEQ ID NO:374). Additionally, the expression vector pYD7 harboring no KLB sequencewas transfected as a negative control.

In some studies, binding of a purified sample of a humanized 5H23antibody (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276) to KLB variantswas determined by FACS analysis. Two day post-transfection cells wereco-incubated with purified antibodies: humanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VHSEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276), a control antibody (e.g., VH SEQID NO: 358 and VL SEQ ID NO: 360), and a negative control antibody(e.g., anti-keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) antibody expressed from aconstruct comprising SEQ ID NO: 424 and 425) diluted to 1 μg/ml inPBS/1% BSA/0.1% azide for 30 minutes at 4° C. After washing with PBS/1%BSA/0.1% azide, transfected cells were then co-incubated with labeledanti-human Fc (Jackson Immunoresearch) for 30 minutes at 4° C. Afterwashing with PBS/1% BSA/0.1% azide, cells were acquired on flowcytometer (FACS Calibur) and analyzed by cytometric software (FlowJo).To display the resulting data, graphs plotting the number of cells as afunction of fluorescence intensity were generated, and the medianfluorescence intensity (MFI) was determined for each sample as shown inTable 30.

TABLE 30 Mouse- Human- Human Mouse Empty Mouse chimeric chimeric HumanCynomolgus Vector Antibody KLB KLB KLB KLB KLB (-control) h5H23 14.226.1 9.29 865 1909 8.29 Control 10.6 5.6 71.9 620 1757 6.82 Neg. 9.595.44 6.01 6.2 9.26 5.41 Control * Mean Fluorescence intensity calculatedfrom FACS data using FlowJo analysis software; Neg. Control is anti-KLHantibody.

An exemplary humanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQID NO: 276) bound to human KLB and cynomolgus KLB, as indicated by alarge proportion of cells having high-fluorescence intensity compared tocells treated with the anti-KLH negative control antibody, but theexemplary humanized 5H23 antibody did not bind to mouse KLB. Theexemplary humanized 5H23 antibody also bound to the mouse-human KLBchimeric protein, but not the human-mouse KLB chimeric proteinindicating that anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope bin,including 5H23 as described in Example 3, with sequences shown in Tables1-10 and FIGS. 1-3 , and human anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23epitope bin, such as humanized 5H23 antibodies (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271and VL SEQ ID NO: 276) bind to the KL2 domain of human KLB. In contrast,the control antibody bound to the KL1 domain of human KLB asdemonstrated by its binding to cells transfected with the human-mouseKLB chimeric protein, but not the mouse-human KLB chimeric protein.

In order to further identify specific binding residues within human betaklotho KL2 domain, shotgun mutagenesis was used to separately mutateindividual residues of the KL2 domain of human beta klotho to an alanine(e.g., residues F508A-L1008A). The resulting beta klotho mutant proteinswere expressed within HEK-293T cells and assayed byfluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for binding to anti-betaklotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope bin, including 5H23 as describedin Example 3, with sequences shown in Tables 1-10 and FIGS. 1-3 , andhuman anti-beta klotho antibodies in the 5H23 epitope bin, such as ahumanized 5H23 antibody (e.g., VH SEQ ID NO: 271 and VL SEQ ID NO: 276),or a monovalent Fab fragment of the humanized 5H23 antibody. Forexample, screening of the beta klotho mutant proteins was conducted at aconcentration of 0.5 μg/ml for the humanized 5H23 antibody, 1.0 μg/mlfor the Fab fragment, and 2.0 μg/ml for a positive control polyclonalanti-beta klotho antibodies.

The resulting mapping identified three specific binding residues, H657,Y701 and R703, which were negative for binding by the humanized 5H23antibody, but were positive for the control polyclonal anti-beta klothoantibodies. These residues represented amino acids whose side changesmade the highest energetic contributions to the antibody-epitopeinteraction as shown in Table 31. The locations of the three identifiedresidues were modeled by showing them (dark spheres) at the equivalentpositions on human cytosolic beta-glucosidase (PDB ID #2JFE; Tribolo etal., J. Mol. Biol. 370, 964-975 (2007)), identified by BLAST alignmentof the two proteins as shown in FIG. 6 . The structure shows theequivalent of beta klotho residues 521-963. Lower reactivity of theY701A and R703A mutations with the humanized 5H23 antibody indicatesthat Y701 and R703 are major energetic contributors to binding.

TABLE 31 Binding Reactivity (% WT) Protein Humanized 5H23 ControlPolyclonal Mutation Antibody Antibody H657A 16.88 (±11.93) 120.35(±55.21) Y701A  0.64 (±0.09)  43.37 (±5.78) R703A  1.64 (±1.69) 131.59(±19.98)

Thus, the anti-beta klotho antibodies provided herein, including 5H23and antibodies in the 5H23 epitope bin recognize an epitope in the KLB2domain that comprises residues H657, Y701 and/or R703. Such antibodies,as described in Example 3 and respresed by and comprising CDR sequencesin Tables 1-10 and FIGS. 1-3 , are useful as agonist antibodies toinduce FGF19-mediate and/or FGF21-mediated signaling, including, forexample, to reduce body weight, food intake, BMI, insulin, glucoseand/or triglycerides.

Additionally, the anti-beta klotho antibodies provided herein share thecommon feature of competing with each other for the binding of betaklotho (see, e.g., Example 3 describing antibodies in the 5H23 epitopebin). This competitive inhibition indicates that each antibody binds tothe same region of beta klotho (e.g., the same epitope), therebyasserting similar effects. As further exemplified herein, the anti-betaklotho antibodies include humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies,including humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies derived from or based on5H23, 1C17, 1D19, 2L12, 3L3, 3N20, 4P5, 5C23, 5F7 and/or 1G19 having CDRsequence as described in Tables 1-10 or FIGS. 1-3 , such as anti-betaklotho antibodies, including humanized anti-beta klotho antibodies, bindto a specific domain of human beta klotho (e.g., KL2 (residuesS509-S1044) as described above). Moreover, such binding can be largelyattributed to particular amino acid residues within the KL2 region(e.g., H657, Y701 and R703 as described above), which comprise theepitope recognized by the anti-beta klotho antibodies described herein.Taken together, these results demonstrate that the effects observed foran anti-beta klotho antibody that is derived from or based on 5H23 or anantibody in the 5H23 eptitope bin, including an antibody having one ormore CDRs described in Tables 1-10 or FIGS. 1-3 , can be extrapolated toother anti-beta klotho antibodies described herein having the same orsimilar eptitope specificity (e.g., the same or similar CDRs). Forexample, the in vitro activities of antibodies as shown in Examples 4-7and above, as well as the in vivo effects demonstrated in Example 8 foran exemplary humanized anti-beta klotho antibody, are representative ofthe activities and effects of the anti-beta klotho antibodies describedherein.

The embodiments of the present disclosure described above are intendedto be merely exemplary, and those skilled in the art will recognize, orbe able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation,numerous equivalents to the specific procedures described herein. Allsuch equivalents are considered to be within the scope of the presentdisclosure and are covered by the following claims. Furthermore, as usedin this specification and claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the”include plural forms unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.Thus, for example, reference to “an antibody” may include a mixture oftwo or more such antibodies, and the like. Additionally, ordinarilyskilled artisans will recognize that operational sequences must be setforth in some specific order for the purpose of explanation andclaiming, but the present disclosure contemplates various changes beyondsuch specific order.

The contents of all references described herein are hereby incorporatedby reference.

Other embodiments are within the following claims.

What is claimed:
 1. A method of treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in a human subject, the method comprising administering to thehuman subject an effective amount of an antibody or binding fragmentthereof that binds human beta klotho, wherein the antibody or bindingfragment comprises: (a) a heavy chain variable region (VH) comprising aVH complementarity determining region (CDR)1 comprising the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:12, a VH CDR2 comprising the amino acid sequenceof SEQ ID NO:2, and a VH CDR3 comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:3; and (b) a light chain variable region (VL) comprising a VL CDR1comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, a VL CDR2 comprisingthe amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and a VL CDR3 comprising theamino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
 2. The method of claim 1, whereinthe VH comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identicalto the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:271 and the VL comprises anamino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical to the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:276.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the VHcomprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:271 and the VL comprisesthe amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:276.
 4. The method of claim 1,wherein the antibody or binding fragment thereof is a humanizedantibody.
 5. The method of claim 1, wherein the antibody is an IgG1antibody, an IgG2 antibody, or an IgG4 antibody.
 6. The method of claim1, wherein the human subject has Type 2 diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia,cardiovascular disease, and/or metabolic syndrome.
 7. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the method further comprises administering at least oneadditional therapeutic agent.
 8. The method of claim 7, wherein the atleast one additional therapeutic agent is selected from the groupconsisting of: biguanides, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1analogs, PPAR gamma agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors,bromocriptine, bile acid sequestrants, insulin, alpha glucosidaseinhibitors, metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, appetite suppressants, andweight loss drugs.
 9. A method of treating NASH in a human subject, themethod comprising administering to the human subject an effective amountof an antibody that binds human beta klotho, wherein the antibodycomprises a heavy chain comprising amino acids 23-472 of SEQ ID NO:317and a light chain comprising amino acids 23-240 of SEQ ID NO:319. 10.The method of claim 9, wherein the human subject has Type 2 diabetes,obesity, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and/or metabolicsyndrome.
 11. The method of claim 9, wherein the method furthercomprises administering at least one additional therapeutic agent. 12.The method of claim 11, wherein the at least one additional therapeuticagent is selected from the group consisting of: biguanides,sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogs, PPAR gamma agonists,dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, bromocriptine, bile acidsequestrants, insulin, alpha glucosidase inhibitors, metformin, SGLT-2inhibitors, appetite suppressants, and weight loss drugs.
 13. A methodof treating NASH in a human subject, the method comprising administeringto the human subject an effective amount of an antibody or bindingfragment thereof that binds human beta klotho, wherein the antibody orbinding fragment thereof comprises a VH comprising a VH CDR1, a VH CDR2,and a VH CDR3 from the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:271 and a VLcomprising a VL CDR1, a VL CDR2, and a VL CDR3 from the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:276.
 14. The method of claim 13, wherein themethod further comprises administering at least one additionaltherapeutic agent.
 15. The method of claim 14, wherein the at least oneadditional therapeutic agent is selected from the group consisting of:biguanides, sulphonylureas, thiazolidinediones, GLP-1 analogues, PPARgamma agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors,bromocriptine, bile acid sequestrants, insulin, alpha glucosidaseinhibitors, metformin, SGLT-2 inhibitors, appetite suppressants, andweight loss drugs.
 16. The method of claim 13, wherein: (a) the VH CDR1comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:1, the VH CDR2 comprisesthe amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2, the VH CDR3 comprises the aminoacid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, the VL CDR1 comprises the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:4, the VL CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequenceof SEQ ID NO:5, and the VL CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:6; (b) the VH CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:7, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:8, theVH CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:9, the VL CDR1comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:10, the VL CDR2 comprisesthe amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11, and the VL CDR3 comprises theamino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6; (c) the VH CDR1 comprises the aminoacid sequence of SEQ ID NO:13, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:14, the VH CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequenceof SEQ ID NO:15, the VL CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:16, the VL CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:11,and the VL CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:17; (d)the VH CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:18, the VHCDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:19, the VH CDR3comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:20, the VL CDR1 comprisesthe amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:21, the VL CDR2 comprises the aminoacid sequence of SEQ ID NO:22, and the VL CDR3 comprises the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:23; or (e) the VH CDR1 comprises the amino acidsequence of SEQ ID NO:1, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequenceof SEQ ID NO:24, the VH CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ IDNO:3, the VL CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, theVL CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and the VLCDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
 17. The method ofclaim 13, wherein: the VH CDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQID NO:1, the VH CDR2 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:2,the VH CDR3 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3, the VLCDR1 comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:4, the VL CDR2comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:5, and the VL CDR3comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:6.
 18. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the VH comprises an amino acid sequence that is atleast 90% identical to the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:271 and theVL comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90% identical tothe amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:276.
 19. The method of claim 13,wherein the antibody or binding fragment thereof is a humanizedantibody.
 20. The method of claim 13, wherein the antibody is an IgG1antibody, an IgG2 antibody, or an IgG4 antibody.
 21. The method of claim13, wherein the human subject has Type 2 diabetes, obesity,dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, and/or metabolic syndrome.